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Текст к 1 заданию экзаменационного билета № 16.




 

«Silicon Valley».

Silicon Valley is the high technology area about 35 miles south of San Francisco. Much of this activity was centered there, where the first computer- related company had located in 1955. That company attracted thousands of related business, and the area become known as the technological capital of the world. This area is one of the best in the world for exciting technical jobs. It’s the base of the US integrated circuit business and from its name «Silicon Valley» is well recognized for this.

There are careers for mechanical engineers in the areas of disc drive design, development of computer packaging, development of 1C packaging, development of medical equipment, development of manufacturing facilities. The University of Berkeley is mapping human DNA under the GENO program. For chemists, there are many careers in semiconductor wafer processing, medical and biological companies.

 

1)What is the «Silicon Valley»?

2) If you were working in Silicon Valley, what careers would you choose?

3) what kind of careers are there?

 

Текст к 1 заданию экзаменационного билета № 17.

 

«The processor».

The computing part of the computer is called the processor, it is made up of the control unit and ALU. A processor consists of many different electronic circuits and devices for performing control functions arithmetic and logical operations, and data transfers. Data may be transferred from backing storage to the intern memory or from the internal memory to the arithmetic unit by means of conductive channels known as buses.

The part of the processor which controls data transfers between the various input and output devices is called the control unit. A personal computer CPU is a single microprocessor chip. A minicomputer CPU is contained on one or more printed circuit boards. A mainframe CPU is made up of several board. The CPU, clock and main memory make up a computer. A complete computer system requires the addition of control units, input, output and storage devices and an operating system.

 

1)What is a processor?

2)What is processor using for?

3)What is control unit?

 

Текст к 1 заданию экзаменационного билета № 18.

 

«History of robotics».

The term robot itself is derived from the Czech word robota, meaning «compulsory labor». It was first used by the Czech novelist and playwright Karel Chapek, to describe a mechanical device that looks like a human but, lacking human sensibility, can perform only automatic, mechanical operations. Robots as they are known today do not only imitate human or other living forms. True robots did not become possible, however, until the invention of the computer in the 1940s and the miniaturization of computer parts. One of the first true robots was an experimental model designed by researchers at the Stanford Research Institute in the late 1960s. It was capable of arranging blocks into stacks through the use of a television camera as a visual sensor, processing this information in a small computer. Nowadays robots continue to expand their applications. The home-made robots available today may be one sign of the future.

 

1)Who was the first man described robot?

2)What could do the first robots?

3) Do you think that our future life will be depends of robots?

 

Текст к 1 заданию экзаменационного билета № 19.

 

«Modern robots».

Computer scientists and engineers in several countries are developing robots to replace people at dangerous locations or at simple jobs. Robots with arms would be helpful at plants where there are toxic chemical or vapors or where there is danger of radiation. Fujitsu Fanuc Ltd, Japan, one of the world’s producers of computerized industrial equipment and robots, has designed robots making robots. It hopes to build a factory without any workers at all.

At the same time Hitachi, the Japanese electronic company, has mobilized «several hundred scientists and engineers to produce a new generation of robots. They will be able to see, feel, and walk up and down factory floors to supervise other robots on automatic assembly lines. Factories will be manned only by clerical staff and a few maintenance technicians. Our industry is beginning mass production of second generation robots-the so-called adaptive robots which have technical vision and can perform the most sophisticated jobs. It is planned to start the production of third generation robots with elements of artificial intellect.

 

1)What do robots need for?

2)What kind of robots scientists want to design?

3) where we can use robots?

 

Текст к 1 заданию экзаменационного билета № 20.

 

«Input Hardware».

The purpose of the input hardware is to collect data and convert it into a form suitable for computer processing. The most common input device is a keyboard. It looks very much like a typewriter. The mouse is a hand held device connected to the computer by small cable. As the mouse is rolled errors the mouse pad, the cursor moves across the screen. When the cursor reaches the desired location, the user usually pushes a button on the mouse once or twice to signal a menu selection or a command to the computer.

The light pen uses a light sensitive photoelectric cell to signal screen position to the computer. Another type of input hardware is optic-electronic scanner that is used to input graphics as well as typeset characters. Microphone and digital camera can be also used to input data into the computer.

 

1)What is input hardware?

2)What are the examples of input hardware?

3)What input hardware do you use most of all?

 

 

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