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6. Complete the text with one word in each gap.
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5. Complete the sentences about the possible future for our world, using a suitable form of the verb in brackets, depending on whether you think the sentence describes something real/possible or unreal/impossible.
a If the Earth (stop) spinning, one side (always be) in darkness. b If the polar ice-caps (melt) completely, sea-levels worldwide (rise) by about 60 metres.
c If we (recycle) more household waste, there (be) less damage to tire environment.
d If an astronaut (fall) it no a black hole in space, what happens ?
e If people (not stop) using cars so much, the country’s roads (eventually grind) to a standstill.
f What (happen) when the world's supplies of oil (run out) ?
g If human beings (finally start) living on the Moon, they (need) to produce water artificially.
h If there (not be) any money (the world be) a better place?
i If we (not stop) over-fishing the world's oceans, many species (become) extinct.
J If everyone In the world (jump) up and down at the same Time, there (be) no measurable effect (apart from 6. 5 billion footprints).
6. Complete the text with one word in each gap.
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Everyone agrees dial a unless die world's liger population is protected, tigers b eventually become extinct. If it c not for the efforts made by International campaigns over past decades, the extinction d already have become a fact. Tigers can coexist with human beings, e local people are involved in conservation. However, f if tiger habitats are redeveloped there is no guarantee of success. Government agencies must be Involved, and there must be adequate finance: g conservation projects are neglected. An organized programme with safeguards must be introduced. If h die illegal hunters quickly move back in. i there were no tigers left in the world: how j we all feel? According to some environmentalists, that day may be coming sooner rather than later.
7. Underline the best verb form.
THE ARGUMENTS ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE
According to all the measurements, climate change a happens / is happening, bet science b appears / is appearing to be split on what to do about it. Unfortunately, scientists c do not all agree /are not all agreeing about the causes of global warming. In a recent book, two scientists - Fred Singer, a climate physicist, and Dennis Avery, a biologist - d argue /are arguing that the worming currently observed around the world Is part of a 1, 500-year cycle in solar energy. Singer, an outspoken critic of the Idea that humans e warm /are warming the planet, and Avery, f believe /are believing that a well-established, 1, 500-year cycle in the Earth's climate can explain most of the global warming that g takes place / has taken place In the last 100 years. We are currently on an upswing, getting warmer after the Little Ice Age, but in a few hundred years h will be/ arc back on the downswing, and getting colder again. They i say/ are saying that efforts to slow down the current warming by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases are at best pointless, or at worst economically damaging. This, of course, is not what the fourth assessment report of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) j has said/ said a few weeks ago. That report from the UN climate science working group k has concluded/concluded that it I is/ has been likely that rising greenhouse gas concentrations m have caused/ caused most recent warming and that, depending on our actions now to slow the growth of emissions, warming by 2100 n will probably be/ is probably between about 1. 5°C and 6°C. So. which scientists o tell/are telling us the truth?
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8. Choose the right word.
1. This is the principal gas which causes the greenhouse effect.
A carbon dioxide В dust С oxygen
2. Old bottles, paper and plastics are collected so they can be used again.
A cycling В recycling С refuse collection
3. These are what we need to discover and develop in order to stop using fossil fuels.
A alternative energy sources В bicycles С coal and gas
4. These can be controlled by buying environmentally friendly products.
A hamburgers В market forces С stupid children
5. The idea that industrial societies can enjoy a good economy without destroying the environment.
A destroying everything for money В eating less hamburgers С sustainable growth
6. This is how we need to think in order to have a healthy planet.
A about getting rich and famous В long term С short term
7. Greedy companies who exploit everything living and dead in order to make money.
A Amnesty International В Greenpeace С The multi-nationals
8. This is what is needed so that people know how the planet is being damaged.
A more hamburgers В more press coverage С more video games
9. This is what we must do to show politicians we care about the environment.
A demonstrate В eat more hamburgers С play more video games
10. This is what stupid smelly people do.
A eat organically grown produce В drop litter С never eat hamburgers
11. Flora and fauna which face extinction.
A boring plants В endangered species С stupid animals
12. This is what needs to be done so we can take care of our beautiful planet.
A make cheaper hamburgers В make more cars С raise awareness
9. Put each of the following words in its place in the passage below:
conservatism
stability
building
national
vision
associations
gardening
living
t h atched
p o nd
opportunities
privilege
common
health
crime
THE LOVE OF NATURE
Most of the British live in towns and cities. But they have an idealized _________ (1) of the countryside. To the British, the countryside has almost none of the negative _________ (2) which it has in some countries, such as poor facilities, lack of educational _________ (3), unemployment and poverty. To them, the countryside means peace and quiet, beauty, good _________ (4) and no _________ (5). Most of them would live in a country village if they thought that they could find a way of earning a _________ (6) there. Ideally, this village would consist of _________ (7) cottages built around an area of grass known as a “village green”. Nearby, there would be a _________ (8) with ducks on it. Nowadays such a village is not actually very _________ (9), but it is a stereotypical picture that is well-known to the British. Perhaps this love of the countryside is another aspect of British _________ (10). The countryside represents _________ (11). Those who live in towns and cities take an active interest in country matters and the British regard it as both a right and a _________ (12) to be able to go “into the country” whenever they want to. Large areas of the country are official “_________ (13) parks” where almost no _________ (14) is allowed. Even if they cannot get into the countryside, many British people still spend a lot of their time with “nature”. They grow plants. _________ (15) is one of the most popular hobbies in the country.
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