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Hygienic requirements to ward section.
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HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS TO WARD SECTION.
The basic functional element of any branch of hospital is ward section for 25 – 30 cots, in some profile branches (reanimation branch) it is less. If branch is calculated for 30 cots it is equal one ward section.
The basic premises of ward section: wards, room of the doctor, viewing, buffet, bathroom, hall - dining room, material. There should be two 1-cot wards (for infectious patients - isolator and for agonise patients).
HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS TO HOSPITAL WARD.
Capacity of ward for adults and children is more senior than 1 year in hospitals should not be more than 4 cots. This parameter is optimum both in technological, and in hygienic relations.
The area of ward should be 7 m2 on 1 cot, the area in ward of intensive therapy - 13 m2 on 1 cot.
The microclimate: temperature 18-22 C, relative humidity 40-60 %, speed movement of air 0, 2-0, 4 m/s.
Ventilation: contents СО2 - 0, 1 %, frequency rate of ventilation 2-3, volume of ventilation 20-80 m3 in hour at 1 cot.
Natural illumination: Light factor (LF) 1: 5 – 1: 6, factor natural illumination (FNI) -1%. Artificial illumination: common illumination in ward not less than 50 lux, local -100 lux, on duty (at night at an exit) - 3 lux.
The distance between beds not less than 0, 8 - 1m, and between beds and external walls is not closer than 0, 9 - 1 m.
Maximal permissible level of noise in ward is 25 deciBell.
HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS TO OPERATIONAL BLOCK.
At designing modern large hospitals rationally association several operational in a uniform complex, which should have two branches: septic and aseptic with operational, auxiliary and office accommodations.
In the structure of operational block is: operational, predoperative, sterilizing, narcotic, premises for storage blood and the portable equipment, a premise for surgeons and operational sisters.
Operational block shares on 4 zones on a degree of sterility:
1) Sterile (operational);
2) Strictly mode (sanitary processing for the personnel, sterilizing);
3) The limited mode (washing, rooms for the personnel);
4) Common hospital mode (cabinet chief of block, etc. ).
HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS TO THE OPERATIONAL HALL
Operational hall is designing on 1 operational table.
The area operational hall should be not less 36 m2, for difficult operations with participation the big operational brigade - 45-50 m2. Common amount operational tables accept at the rate of 1 table on everyone 30 cots in branches of a surgical structure. Walls operational hall should be good washing, their coloring in greenish tone is preferable.
Natural illumination. Light factor - 1: 2 - 1: 4, factor natural illumination - 2-2, 5 %.
General artificial light exposure - 300-500 lux, local - (on operational field) - 3-10 thousand lux.
Ventilation. Operational hall air ventilation inflow 6-multiple, extract - 5 with creation surplus of air so that microbes in air from other premises of operational block can not enter in operational. A ventilating aperture must be: inflow - at a ceiling, exhaust - at a floor as pair of narcotics it is heavier than air.
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Temperature of air in operational hall 22-25 0C (the patient is in a narcosis - the centers thermoregulation are switched - off), humidity up to 55 % (the prevention explosion pairs narcotics in view of high electric conductivity damp air), speed movement of air - 0, 1 m / sec.
Microbe air pollution. Total microbe number before operation – 500 in m3, during operation – 1000 in m3, golden staphylococcus before operation –0, during operation – 4 in m3.
HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS
TO RECEPTION BRANCH OF HOSPITAL.
The reception is intended for registration, physical examination, statement or specification of the diagnosis, sanitary processing patients and in case of need - rendering emergency medical aid. At reception wards patients with the obscure diagnosis are placed.
The structure of reception includes the following premises: lobby (for expectation), registry and help, viewing, sanitary processing (locker room, a bath, for dressing), procedural, laboratory for urgent analyses, roentgen cabinet, wards on 1-2 cot, study of the doctor on duty, toilet for the personnel.
FUNCTIONS AND COMPOSITION OF HOSPITAL RECEPTION
| FUNCTIONS | COMPOSITION of PREMISES |
| Reception patients and visitors | a lobby with registry |
| Setting or improvement the diagnosis, physical examination | Cabinet of the doctor, inspection room, express laboratory |
| Rendering acute treatment | inspection room |
| Clearing acting patients | Undressing room, bathroom, dressing room |
HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS
TO INFECTIOUS DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITAL
Infectious patients act in the infectious branch not only for treatment, but also for isolation. Therefore, internal planning and sanitary mode of this branch makes for the purpose of prevention intra hospital infections. The Infectious branch should have two entrances: one for patients, the second - for the personnel, for delivery medicines, food etc. Sewage from infectious branch before dump in the city water drain are disinfected (norm of residual chlorine in it - 3 mg / l).
Kinds of wards in infection department. Isolation patients are carried out in boxings, half-boxings and boxing wards.
1. Boxing - a premise of the general area 22 m2 (on 1 cot) or 27 m2 (on 2 cots) in which there is a ward, external entrance and tambour for receipt the patient, bathroom, internal entrance, which is connected to a hospital corridor. In boxing place patients with the obscure diagnosis and particulary danderous infections (cholera, ets. ).
2. Half-boxing - differs from boxing only absence external entrance with tambour. Patients act in it through a hospital corridor.
3. Boxing wards - usual ward, cots in which are divided by partitions of height 2 - 2, 5 m for the prevention contact between infectious patients. It is impossible to place here patients with air - drop infections - the general air exchange in this ward.
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