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Form adjectives from the following verbs and nouns.
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to reuse - _____________________
to dispose - ____________________
to refill - ______________________
to response - ___________________
to consider - ___________________
practice - _____________________
to achieve - ______________________
B. Look at the following prefixes and then make your own words.
tele- (=over a distance): e.g. television.
Communications, phone, text, working, marketing.
trans- (=across): e.g. transmission
Continental, corporation, form, Atlantic.
inter - (=between): e.g. interference
Net, active, connections, national, continental.
Complete these sentences with words from 11 B.
(1)________________________ refers to the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. Information is (2)_______________ed by devices such as the (3)______________, radio,(4)__________, satellite, or computer networks. Examples could be two people speaking on their mobile phone, a sales department sending a fax to a client, or even someone reading the (5)______________pages on TV. But in the modern world, telecommunications mainly means transferring information across the (6)_______________, via modem, phone lines or wireless networks.
Because of telecommunications, people can now work at home and communicate with their office by computer and telephone. This is called (7)__________________.
It has been predicted that about one third of all work could eventually be performed outside the workplace. In call centres, assistance or support is given to customers using the telephone, email or online chats. They are also used for (8) __________________, the process of selling goods and services over the phone.
Read and translate the following international words from the text “Technology and Communication”.
apparatus |ˌapəˈreɪtəs|, media |ˈmiːdɪə|, connection |kəˈnɛkʃ(ə)n|, progress |ˈprəʊɡres|, mechanical |məˈkænɪkl| process |ˈprəʊsɛs|, electronic transmission |tranzˈmɪʃ(ə)n|, practical, telegraph, system, cable, electric pulses |ˈpʌlsɪz|, minute|ˈmɪnɪt|, mile |maɪl|, radio |ˈreɪdɪəʊ|, public |ˈpʌblɪk| demonstrations, technology |tɛkˈnɒlədʒi|, television, project|ˈprɒdʒekt|, visual |ˈvɪʒ(j)ʊəl| image |ˈɪmɪdʒ|, version |ˈvəːʃ(ə)n|, collectively |kəˈlɛktɪvli|, audio |ˈɔːdɪəʊ| and visual signals, channel|ˈtʃan(ə)l|, satellite |ˈsatəlʌɪt|, antennae |ænˈteniː|, limit ˈlɪmɪt|, browser |ˈbraʊzə|, navigate |ˈnavɪɡeɪt|.
Read and learn pronunciation of the words from the text “Technology and Communication”.
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allow [ə'lau], saturate |ˈsætʃəreɪt|, rely |rɪˈlʌɪ|, variety |vəˈrʌɪəti|, entertainment |ɛntəˈteɪnm(ə)nt|, occur |əˈkəː|, origin |ˈɒrɪdʒɪn|, transmit |tranzˈmɪt|, through |θruː|, evolve |ɪˈvɒlv|, digitized |ˈdɪdʒəˌtaɪzd|, particular |pəˈtɪkjʊlə|, either |ˈʌɪðə|, precursor |prɪˈkəːsə|, though |ðəʊ|, cruiser|ˈkruːzə| notify |ˈnəʊtɪfʌɪ|, relatively |ˈrɛlətɪvli|, simultaneously |ˌsɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli|, capable ['keipabl], mountainous |ˈmaʊntɪnəs|, readjustment |ˌriːəˈdʒʌstmənt|, require |rɪˈkwʌɪə|.
Vocabulary
| allow v | позволять, разрешать | precursor n | предшественник | ||||
| attractive adj | привлекательный | relatively adv | относительно | ||||
| capable adj | cnoco6ный; to be ̴ быть в состоянии | rely on v | доверять, полагаться (на) | ||||
| enable v entertainment n | давать возможность развлечение | report v/n require v | сообщать, докладывать/доклад требовать, нуждаться | ||||
| evolve v | развивать, развиваться, эволюционировать | responsible adj | ответственный, to be ̴ for отвечать за что-либо | ||||
| go on v | продолжать, продолжаться | search n / v | поиск (n), искать (v), ̴ out разыскивать | ||||
| in particular adv | в особенности, в частности | simultaneously adv | одновременно | ||||
| notify v | уведомлять, извещать | solve v | решать | ||||
| occur v | происходить, возникать | take place v | происходить, случаться | ||||
| ongoing adj | постоянный, продолжающийся | though conj | хотя | ||||
| origin n | возникновение, происхождение, начало | through prep | через, сквозь | ||||
| pave the way | подготавливать почву, прокладывать путь | trace n/ v | след (n), отслеживать (v) | ||||
| transmit v | передавать | ||||||
crude adj – сырой, предварительный
Either – каждый, любой, любой из двух
| Additional suggestion to learn more about structures with either you can refer to the Supplementary section at the back of the Module (p.32). |
Read the text and match the headings (1-6) with the gaps (a-f).
| 1. Wireless Sound Transmission | 2.Technology Leading to Visual Mass Media | 3. Sound communications | 4. The Internet and Digital Media | 5. Cable and Satellite Television | 6. Mass communication evolution |
Technology and Communication
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(a)_______________________________
We live in a media-saturated world and rely on a variety of old and new media for information, entertainment, and connection. The beginnings of mass media and mass communication go back 560 years to the “print revolution” that occurred in Europe in the fifteenth century. As we progressed through the centuries, mass communication evolved from a mechanical process to electronic transmission, which paved the way for the digitized world of today.
(b)_____________________________
The origins of sound-based communication, radio in particular, can be traced to the invention of the telegraph. The telegraph was invented in the 1840s and was made practical by Samuel Morse, who invented a system of dots and dashes that could be transmitted across the telegraph cable using electric pulses, making it the first one-to-one communication technology. Messages were encoded to and decoded from dots and dashes on either end of the cable. This first cable could only transmit about six words per minute, but it was the precursor to the global communications network that we now rely on every day. Something else was needed, though, to solve some ongoing communication problems. During this time, war ships couldn’t be notified when wars ended and they sometimes went on fighting for months before they could be located and informed.
(c)________________________________
In May 1895, the Russian physicist, Alexander Popov, reported sending and receiving a wireless signal across a 600 yards distance. In March 1897, Prof. Popov equipped a land station at Kronstadt and the Russian navy cruiser “Africa” with his wireless communications apparatus for ship-to-shore communications.
In about 1900, Popov's wireless apparatus was used in what may have been the first ever use of radio communications to help a vessel in distress. The battleship General Admiral Apraksin was going down amidst the ice floes of the Gulf of Finland with hundreds of sailors and officers aboard, but Popov's radio system enabled them to contact islands 45 kilometers away.
After Popov, the road to radio broadcast was relatively short, as others quickly expanded on his work. Numerous experiments and public demonstrations of radio technology—some more successful than others—were taking place around the same time in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
(d)_________________________________________
As was the case with radio, several people were simultaneously working to expand the technology that would soon be known as television. In 1884, Paul Nipkow invented a mechanical television-like device that could project a visual image. It took a while for this crude version of a television to be turned into a more functional electronic version. In 1923, Vladimir Zworykin improved on this technology, followed closely by John Baird and Philo Farnsworth. Collectively, these men are responsible for the invention of television, which was the first mass medium capable of instantly and wirelessly transmitting audio and visual signals.
(e)__________________________________________________
Network and broadcast television was forever changed by the growth of cable and satellite technology. Cable was especially attractive to people who lived in mountainous, hilly, or rural areas that had difficulty receiving the broadcast channels’ signals. Many people were also happy to give up ugly rooftop antennae that required readjustment for each channel change.
(f)_________________________________________________
The “Internet and digital media age” began in 1990 and continues today. Tim Berners-Lee is the man who made the Internet functional for the masses. In 1989, Berners-Lee created new computer-programming codes that fixed some problems that were limiting the growth of the Internet as a mass medium. Berners-Lee also invented the first browser, which allowed people to search out information and navigate the growing number of interconnections among computers. Berners-Lee named his new network the “World Wide Web.”
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Notes to the text:
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