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The Past Progressive Tense
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Past Progressive обозначает незаконченное длительное действие, происходившее в определенный момент или период в прошлом. Глаголы в Past Progressive на русский язык переводятся прошедшим временем глагола несовершенного вида.
Временные указатели: at 3 o’clock yesterday, from 3 to 4 o’clock yesterday, at that time last month, the whole evening yesterday, all day long, still, when, as, while.
Past Progressive образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в прошедшем времени (was, were) и формы причастия настоящего времени смыслового глагола (Ving): I was reading. She was having dinner. You were watching a film.
Спряжение глагола в прошедшем продолженном времени
| Лицо | Число | ||
| единственное | множественное | ||
| Утвердительная форма | was working were working was working | were working were working were working | |
| Отрицательная форма | was not working were not working was not working | were not working were not working were not working | |
| Вопросительная форма | Was I working? Were you working? Was she working? | Were we working? Were you working? Were they working? |
Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола: David was not listening to music at 5 o’clock yesterday. We were not telling them the stories at that time. Сокращенные формы: wasn’t Ving и weren’t Ving.
В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим, смысловой глагол – Ving употребляется после подлежащего.
Общие вопросы: Was Kate having dinner when I phoned? – Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t. Were the children sleeping at that time yesterday? – Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.
Альтернативные вопросы: Was Helen reading a journal or a book? Were they talking over the telephone or playing at 7 p.m. yesterday?
Специальные вопросы: Where were you going at 6 o’clock in the morning? What was Victor doing from 8 to 9 o’clock yesterday? When were you working for that company? Why was Ann crying when I met her? Who was answering the teacher’s questions when we came? – Helen was. / They were.
В вопросительно-отрицательной форме частица not ставится непосредственно после подлежащего: Was she not showing you the photos? Were they not walking in the park at 6 o’clock yesterday?
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Глаголы чувственного и умственного восприятия, обозначающие состояния, а также глаголы обладания в Past Progressive не употребляются. We knew him well. They had a big house. What did you think of the idea? But: What were you thinking about when we came in?
Модели употребления
Past Progressive употребляется:
1. Для выражения действия, происходившего в определенный момент в прошлом: You were still sleeping when I left. She was having tea at 5 o’clock.
2. Для выражения действия, происходившего в определенный период в прошлом: This time last year I was travelling to Spain. They were building a house at that time.
3. Для выражения эмоционально окрашенных действий (обычно негативного характера): He was constantly talking about football. The boys were fighting all the time!
4. Для выражения длительного действия, прерванного другим (кратковременным или обычным) действием, употребленным в Past Simple: I was driving along when suddenly a child ran across the road. We were walking in the park when it started to rain. He never talked when he was driving.
5. Для выражения одновременных длительных действий: He was working in the garden while they were having breakfast.
6. Для описания окружающей обстановки при изложении ситуации в прошлом: It was a fine day. The sun was shining, the birds were singing.
7. В придаточных времени и условия: She promised to look after the child while I was doing shopping.
8. Для выражения запланированных или ожидаемых действий (с глаголами движения): He explained that he was leaving the following week. I had to hurry home because the Simons were having tea with us.
9. Для выражения запланированного, но не совершившегося действия в прошлом: They were coming to dinner yesterday, but couldn’t leave the sick child.
Grammar Practice
Ex.1. Supply Past Progressive and comment on the use.
1. When Ann turned on the television, the weatherman (give) the weekend forecast for Europe. 2. At ten o’clock it (rain) heavily. 3. She (cook) in the kitchen at the moment. 4. I was busy the whole day yesterday. I (write) an article. 5. We were at the library from 3 to 7 p.m. We (prepare) for the credit. 6. He was in the country at the weekend. He (fish). 7. On Friday morning I was at work. I (make) an experiment. 8. The child (lie) as I entered. 9. You couldn’t see well for it (grow) dark. 10. He still (think) over the problem when the telephone rang. 11. While Jane (look) for the key we (stand) in front of the closed door. 12. While the parents (have) dinner we (play) games in the yard. 13. When he came back to the office, the secretary still (type) the document. 14. You didn’t believe I (tell) the truth just now. 15. It (snow) all night. 16. She (leave) yesterday but suddenly fell ill. 17. I (not, listen), so I missed what he said. 18. We stayed because we (enjoy) ourselves. 19. He (garden) all weekend. 20. It was a nice party. All the guests (enjoy) themselves. Ben (sing) a song, Kate and Fred (dance), Sam (eat) and we (play) cards.
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Ex.2. Make the sentences negative.
1. I (cook) dinner when the telephone rang. 2. Diana (play) the piano when her brother entered. 3. We (read) the text when Tom came in. 4. They (study) in the library when suddenly it started to rain. 5. Pete (make) noise when he was at the lesson. 6. When I woke up this morning it (snow) hard. 7. The managers (carry) on negotiations from 4 to 6 o’clock yesterday. 8. You (go) on a business trip to Italy this time last year. 9. At that time they (sit) at supper. 10. I (think) about my project the whole day.
Ex.3. Make the sentences general questions. Give short answers.
1. We (have) a meeting at 6 o’clock yesterday. 2. Henry (repair) the watch from 4 to 5 o’clock. 3. You still (work) when I left. 4. Betsy (read) when I rang her. 5. It (rain) hard all day yesterday. 6. I (clean) the flat all Saturday. 7. Dick (wait) for you when we saw him. 8. Mark (drive) home when the car broke down. 9. Henry (eat) a snack at midday yesterday. 10. George (watch) television when his brother called on. 11. You (not, listen) my explanation. 12. He (not, wait) for you after classes. 13. They (not, look) through the magazine when she came.
Ex.4. Ask alternative questions.
1. John (run) to class / home when he lost his pen? 2. The children (play) volleyball / basketball the whole day yesterday? 3. Miss Elliot (type) a contract / the letters when you returned? 4. Mike (do) his homework / (listen) to music at 8 o’clock? 5. You (speak) over the phone with David / Fred all evening yesterday? 6. They (live) in Spain / Portugal at that time? 7. The boss / his assistant (give) an interview when you turned on the radio? 8. The students (talk) / (laugh) when the teacher came in? 9. Mary (paint) a portrait / a landscape all Sunday? 10. She (set) the table at 6 / 7 o’clock yesterday?
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