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Контрольная работа № 2
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Вариант № 1
/. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.1. A new type of corn has been developed by an international team of scientists.
1.2. Because of structural differences, some soils require much more care than others.
1.3. In prehistoric times people found cereals and tried to cultivate them.
1.4. Sugar beet is attacked by a number of the fungoid diseases and insect pests.
//. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it. that, one.
2.1. It is the room temperature that is required for the high quality of the seeds.
2.2. One should know the climatic requirements of different crops.
2.3. The plant's capacity to form carbohydrates means that it can nourish itself exclusively on inorganic matter.
2.4. That soil is only slightly acid.
///. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о различных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.
3.1. Soil is the result of the activity of man.
3.2. Researchers have proved that this lifeless soil can be fertile.
3.3. Did you apply any fertilizers last spring?
3.4. All agricultural soils have some organic matter and some mineral matter.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение
4.1. We know plants can grow and develop well under good soil and climatic conditions.
4.2. The biological method of plant protection we discussed last time is very important nowadays.
V. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let
5.1. Let us look at the map of this region.
5.2. Let me explain the difference between the top soil and the subsoil.
VI Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении.
6.1. Oats to be milled for human consumption should be plump, sound and free from heat damage.
6.2. The carrot is fertilized in the same way as the sugar beet.
6.3. Watering and weeding the vegetables is very important for getting high yields.
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6.4. Our collective farm has been growing potatoes for ten years.
VII. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Wheat
Wheat is the most important grain crop in the world. It is known to have been grown extensively in Asia, Europe and in the northern part of Africa from time immemorial.
Wheat belongs to the grass family. It is one of the most valuable plants. Wheat is adapted to a very wide range of both soil and climatic conditions. Only barley, potatoes and a few other crops grow under colder conditions than wheat. On the other hand, no part of the earth is too hot for the production of wheat if the climate is not too humid. Wheat cannot be grown successfully in areas where both warm and humid conditions prevail, because such conditions favour the rapid development of destructive diseases.
Most of the wheat that is grown is made into flour. The flour is used for making different products such as white bread, cakes, etc. A small amount of wheat is also used in the manufacture of dextrose and alcohol.
Wheat is an excellent food for livestock; but because of its importance as human food, only a small part of the total production is used for this purpose.
The by- products derived from the milling of wheat into white flour represent 25 to 30 per cent of the total weight of the grain. All the by- products are higher in content of protein than wheat itself and serve as a valuable protein supplement in many livestock rations.
Perfect crops of wheat can be grown on heavy loams and clays. When wheat is grown on peaty soils the quality is usually poor, while the yield of straw is very large.
Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:
1) Where is wheat grown?
2) What is it used for?
3) What soil is the most suitable for wheat?
Вариант № 2
/. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.1. The optimum temperature for photosynthesis increases slowly within certain limits.
1.2. Our cultivated carrot has been obtained from the wild carrot.
1.3. Soil science is only of theoretical value.
1.4. As soon as we had begun using the new variety, productivity went up.
//. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one,
2.1. This soil contains less humus than that one.
2.2. It is the potato that was introduced from South America in the sixteenth century.
2.3. Natural resources are the ones provided by nature.
2.4. It is this farm that obtains the highest profits.
///. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о различных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do,
3.1. The farmers had to apply manure as soil was very poor in organic matter.
3.2. Evidently deep cultivation has injured the roots.
3.3. Sugar beet is a biennial plant/
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3.4. What do you know about the soil fertility of this region?
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
4.1. The person I am now telephoning is a famous soil scientist.
4.2. Households define the quantity of production they sell.
V Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let.
5.1. Let me know if you want to test this wheat variety.
5.2. Let us go and see our fields.
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении.
6.1. If you want to get high yields of vegetables you must have a fertile soil.
6.2. We spoke about preparing a seedbed for oats.
6.3. Modern farm machines play an important part in raising economic efficiency of agriculture.
6.4. To rationalize chemical control we are improving the ways and means of forecasting the spread of pests and diseases.
VII. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст
Millets
Millets are rapid- growing, warm- weather crops. They do not grow satisfactorily where cool conditions prevail during the growing season. Nevertheless, they can be used in northern areas, because of their unique ability to grow and mature very rapidly during the short period when temperatures are favourable.
Under very favourable conditions some of the early-maturing varieties can be harvested for hay 45 to 50 days after sowing. Under average conditions about 65-70 days are required. The later maturing types usually require from 10 to 15 days longer than the early varieties before they are ready for harvesting.
Millets grow well on a wide variety of soils, but they do best on fertile loams that are high in organic matter. Any soil that will give a good crop of corn or potatoes will produce satisfactory yields of the millets. The plants are very susceptible to injury by hot, drying winds or by drought. Millets grow very rapidly and as a result are ready for harvest before the usual hot, dry weather of midsummer arrives.
In the drier areas millets are sometimes planted in rows sufficiently far apart to permit cultivation. This practice conserves moisture and enables the plants to grow satisfactorily even though seasonal rainfall is quite low.
Millets grow best when they are sown in the same type of seedbed required for the small grains. Such a seedbed should be firm, well-worked and free of trash.
Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:
1) Are millets warm- weather crops?
2) What climate is suitable for millets?
3) What soil do they grow well on?
Вариант № 3
/ Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.1. Only deciduous trees grow in our region.
1.2. Barley is grown in many subtropical and temperate countries.
1.3. The fertility of the soil has been recently improved through the extensive application of fertilizers.
1.4. The pupils will soon sow the seeds of carrots.
//. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
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2.1. It is the water supply that often limits the yields of potatoes in dry summers.
2.2. One should transplant the seedlings to the cold frame.
2.3. This soil contains more lime than that one.
2.4. It is necessary that the students know all the properties of this land.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о различных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.
3.1. Does the potato tolerate soil acidity?
3.2. Minerals have some chemical and physical properties.
3.3. Soils are dark due to the presence of vegetable matter.
3.4. What does she do? She is an agronomist, like me.
IV Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
4.1. We know the importance of clean land for carrots can hardly be overestimated.
4.2. Transplanting machines we spoke about last time are seldom used now.
V. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let.
5.1. Let me interrupt the discussion to report the latest news.
5.2. Let us begin a new sowing campaign.
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении.
6.1. The main object of growing sugar beet is the production of sugar.
6.2. This soil is too poor to give good yields.
6.3. The factors to affect our yields are drainage, timing of cultivation, fertilizer usage, grass weeds and crop diseases.
6.4. Having been planted in the soil seeds completely lose their natural form.
VII. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Buckwheat
Buckwheat is best adapted to a cool, moist climate, but it is easily destroyed by frosts. It requires a short growing season, generally from 10 to 12 weeks.
Buckwheat is capable of using soil nutrients that are not available to most other crops. Consequently it can be grown successfully on soils which are too low in fertility to produce profitable yields of small grains such as oats, wheat and barley. Buckwheat grows well on a wide variety of soils. It is well adapted to sandy soils and silt loams that are well drained. It tolerates a relatively high degree of acidity. For high yields good seedbed preparation is required.
Heavy application of manure and commercial fertilizers containing nitrogen is not desirable. However, moderate application of manure is beneficial on poor or heavy clay soils. Application of superphosphate is also useful.
Buckwheat is generally sown from June 15 to July 10. Late sowing is desirable because this crop is very sensitive to late spring frosts. Furthermore the seed requires somewhat higher soil temperatures than the cereals for good germination. Also, when buckwheat is sown late, maturity is delayed to a point where most of the blossoming occurs in cooler weather. Under these conditions a better set of seeds is usually obtained.
Buckwheat starts to blossom early and continues to bloom until the plants are harvested or destroyed by frost. As a result there are many flowers and immature seeds when the majority of the seeds are ripe and ready to be harvested. Generally the crop is harvested just before the first killing frost.
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Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:
1) What climate does buckwheat prefer?
2) Is application of fertilizers desirable?
3) When does buckwheat begin to blossom?
Вариант № 4
/ Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.1. Though the weather was rather bad, the crop was harvested in time.
1.2. Annuals produce seeds the first year.
1.3. Wheat is grown to some extent on all six continents.
1.4. Today field workers in the south of our country are preparing for harvesting.
//. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
2.1. One has to study the structure of seeds of various plants.
2.2. It is the difference between winter and spring varieties that we have to know.
2.3. That farm is supplied with modern machinery.
2.4. The varieties they use are not the ones that give the best yields.
III..Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о различных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.
3.1. Frost has killed this young plant.
3.2. We have planted both tomatoes and cucumbers.
3.3. Do you study at the agronomical faculty?
3.4. We will do our best to get the best results possible.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
4.1. I knew we should increase the gross grain output by 39 per cent.
4.2. The crop I want to speak about is greatly valued by plant breeders.
V. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения: обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let.
5.1. Let us discuss the advantages of this crop.
5.2. Let him do this job without any help. He is a good expert in plant selection.
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении.
6.1. The agronomist is asked by the students to show them the experimental plots with cereals.
6.2. The yield obtained is very high.
6.3. Improving soil fertility we increase crop production.
6.4. Improving soil fertility is our task.
VII. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Field peas
Field peas grow best on fertile, well-limed soils that have good drainage. They can be grown on most types of soil, but they prefer loams, especially clay loams. However, soils that are high in their content of humus, usually produce low yields of seeds. Consequently, these soils are not well suited for seed production.
Field peas are a cool- weather crop. They are unable to withstand high temperatures successfully, especially when the pods are beginning to form. Cool weather is far more important in growing a good crop of seed than in obtaining a satisfactory yield of hay.
Field peas do best in about the same kind of seedbed as small grains. Although inoculation is not always necessary in order to obtain good yields of seed, it is likely to be beneficial. Inoculation is not necessary on fertile, properly- limed, well- aerated soils.
Field peas hay has thesame feeding value as that made from alfalfa. It is usually cut for hay when most pods have formed, but before they have filled. Field peas are also used to provide pasturage for cattle, sheep, and hogs, but they should not be pastured until seeds are mature.
Field peas are harvested for seed when most of the pods are ripe and the seed is hard. They are ready to be threshed as soon as the vines are dry and the seeds are firm. When field peas are cut at the proper stage they can be threshed a few days later, if good weather for drying prevails.
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Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:
1) What is the best soil for field peas?
2) What weather do they prefer?
3) What are field peas used for?
Вариант № 5
/. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.1. The output of agricultural products is seriously affected by variations in weather conditions.
1.2. When human food is produced, it takes plant food from the soil and increases erosion.
1.3. Soil erosion was not a major problem when country was covered with grass and timber.
1.4. High yields of wheat have been obtained on all except very light soils.
//. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
2.1. It is on soils with extreme deficiency of calcium that the yield of potatoes suffers greatly.
2.2. One has to place the plant under the most favourable temperature conditions in order to get best results.
2.3. The thing is that the air is able to hold the water in the form of gas.
2.4. One of the maize varieties is grown here.
III.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о различных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.
3.1. I have just transplanted the seedlings to the hotbed.
3.2. There are several general methods of weed control.
3.3. Sugar beets have a high dry matter content.
3.4. Does she work in the department of agriculture?
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
4.1. The machines our collective farm got last year are used both for harvesting and cultivation of vegetables.
4.2. The advice you gave me is very important for my future work.
V. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения: обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let
5.1. Let us go and see our greenhouse.
5.2. Let me say some words about wheat cultivation.
VII. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении
6.1. The oat is a crop to be grown under a very wide range of soil and climate conditions.
6.2. This crop is grown on land having a good dressing of manure.
6.3. Protecting roots is necessary in really hard weather.
6.4. It is important to carry out these changes as quickly as possible.
VII. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Oats
The oat is the most extensively cultivated cereal in Britain. It is grown in every country and under widely different conditions of soil and climate.
The common oat grows best in cool, moist climate. Cool weather is particularly important for high yield and good quality, especially during the period when the grain is filling and ripening. Oats are grown successfully under a wide range of soil and climatic conditions.
The number of oat varieties is very large. There is a sharp distinction between winter and spring varieties.
The oat is the best of the commonly cultivated cereals for growing on poor soil, in dull rainy districts, and where the summer temperature is rather low; it can be ripened by a minimum sunshine. Very high rainfall encourages the development of straw rather than grain.
The best soils for this crop are loams, black- top and peaty land. Application of manure is not recommended unless the fertility of the soil is very low. A better practice is to apply the manure to the cultivated crop that usually precedes the oats in the rotation. When this is done, most of the nitrogen present in the manure is used by the cultivated crop.
Application of commercial fertilizers is generally recommended because they not only increase the yield of grain but they provide assurance for the successful establishment of the new seedlings as well. A good general rule to follow is to sow both winter and spring oats early.
Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:
1) Why is the oat the most extensively cultivated cereal in Britain?
2) What is the best soil for oats?
3) In what climate does the common oat grow best?
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