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Universal Cylindrical Grinding Machine
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This universal grinder is designed for external grinding of both cylindrical and tapered surfaces. Depending on its size the workpicce is either mounted between dead centres or is held in a chuck. It is widely used in piece and lot production plants.
The rigid and massive design of the machine ensures dependable operation. The workpicce can be ground with high accuracy and excellent surface finish.
The hydraulic system accomplishes the following operations: reciprocating table traverse, rapid approach and withdrawal of the wheel-head.
The upper part of the table, the wheel head and the headstock can be swivelled and clamped in (he required position for taper grinding operations.
The one-piece cast-iron base is of box shape. It is rigid and stable, thus preventing the development of vibration during operation.
The base ways have a large bearing surface, reliably protected against dust.
By the beginning of the new millenium a great number of complex machine tools had been designed to speed up production. Although these tools include features of the basic machine tools and perform the same operations, they incorporate design modifications that let them perform complex operational sequences quicker. Furthermore, after the production machine has been set up by a skilled worker or machinist, a less skilled operator also can produce parts accurately and quickly.
There's one more improvement that had already been incorporated in machine tools by the 21st century. This is a highly automated machining system, called adaptive control that involves the use of a microprocessor. A microprocessor is a tiny electronic device that performs the work of a computer. The microprocessor regulates variables in the machining process such as the speed of the spindle. That makes the process very efficient. It also receives information from sensors that measure force, temperature, and other variables. It uses the information to operate the system at the level that is safe for the machine tool and the workpiece. Specialists predict that by the year 2015 all major industrial works in Belarus will have been equipped with such machining centres.
Scientists consider that the oldest tools that are known to the mankind are 2,600,000 years old. They were used by people in manual operations and that is why they were called hand tools. By the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, people had already devised simple hand tools for cutting and shaping different materials. But in the 18th century there appeared machine tools that made mass production a reality in the 19th century. A machine tool is a power-driven machine that is used to perform different operations with metal or other material. Basic machine tools use mechanical power to bend, cut, drill, grind and hammer metal into desired shapes. More advanced machine tools use such power sources as electrical or chemical energy, heat, magnetism and ultrasound.
Nowadays machine tools play an important role in the manufacture of almost all metal products. Machinists (people who operate machine tools) use them in making automobiles, radios, refrigerators, television sets and so on. Every mechanical engineering workshop is equipped with machine tools. They are the main source for the manufacture of component parts of all machines and mechanical devices.
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There are about 500 kinds of machine tools. Some perform a single operation, such as grinding or drilling. Others, called machining centres, carry out several kinds of tasks. These numerous machine tool types fall into two categories. The first group is called "metal cutting". The machine tools of this group remove some material from the workpiece and they are much stronger than the workpiece itself. The examples of metal cutting machines are lathes, drill presses, milling and shaping machines.
The second group is called "metal forming". They shape the work-piece without the removal of any material from it. For metal forming operations we use a wide range of forging machines1, presses and press brakes2.
'ковочная машина 2прессовые тормоза
Словарь
casing, n кожух, чехол, корпус
changer, n переключатель, механизм смены (инструментов, валков и т. п.)
fixture, n приспособление, арматура
lathe, и токарный станок
machine, n станок cylindrical machine цилиндрический станок prismatic machine призматический станок milling machine фрезерный станок
drilling machine сверлильный станок, бурильная машина
grinding machine шлифовальный станок, заточный станок
boring machine расточный станок, сверлильный станок, бурильная машина multi-purpose machine многоцелевой станок machining centre многоцелевой станок
numerical control числовое программное управление, ЧПУ
computer numerical control (CNC) ЧПУ типа CNC direct numerical control (DNC) станок с централизованным программным управлением
remove, v удалять, снимать
shape, v формировать, придавать форму
simultaneously, adv одновременно
tool, n орудие (производства); инструмент
hand tool ручной инструмент machine tool станочная (автоматизированная) система cutting tool режущий инструмент, резец metal-cutting tool металлорежущий инструмент
abrasive materials абразивные материалы
Accuracy точность
adjust регулировать
apron фартук (суппорта)
Axis ось
bearing подшипник
bed станина
box-shape коробчатой формы
bracket кронштейн
carriage суппорт
casting отливка
cast-iron чугун
clamp зажимать
column колонна
composition состав
control управлять
cross-rail поперечина (траверса)
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cutter фреза
dependable надежный
diamond алмаз
dimension размер
drilling сверление
drive the motor приводить (в движение) мотор
engine lathe токарно-винторезный станок
external внешний
face торец
facing торцевое точение
feed подача
flame furnace пламенная печь
finishing operation чистовая обточка
grey iron серый чугун
grinder шлифовальный станок
grinding шлифование
guideways направляющие
handle рукоятка
deadstock передняя бабка
high-speed steel быстрорежущая сталь
hole отверстие
hydraulic unit гидравлический агрегат
in-line production поточное производство
length длина
lever рычаг
longitudinal direction продольное направление
lot production серийное производство
machine-tool станок
mill фрезеровать
milling machine фрезерный станок
multidisk friclion clutch многодисковая фрикционная муфта
mount устанавливать (монтировать)
move двигаться
moveable (able подвижной стол
piece production штучное производство
prevent мешать, предотвращать
reciprocating возвратно-поступательный
rigid жесткий
rotate вращать(ся)
roughing operation черновая обточка
saddle салазки
screw cutting нарезание винтов
sot up налаживать (станок)
shape придавать форму
side head боковой суппорт
single lever единственный рычаг
sizes размеры
slide скользить
slot cutting прорезание пазов, канавок
speed скорость
speed gearbox коробка переключения передач
spindle шпиндель
stable устойчивый, прочный
starting запуск
stopping остановка
suit соответствовать, подходить
support поддерживать
swivel поворачиваться
tailstock задняя бабка
tapered конический
the surface of the table поверхность рабочею стола
tool инструмент
travel передвигаться, перемещаться
traverse поперечина, перекладина
turning обточка
turning mill токарный станок
turret head револьверная головка
V-belt клинообразный приводной ремень
vertical turning mill вертикальный токарный станок
wheel head шлифовальный круг
wheel slide шлифовальный суппорт
wheel spindle шпиндель шлифовального круга
withdrawal отвод
work (workpiece) заготовка (деталь)
Интернет-ресурсы
1. http://www.lingvo-online.ru/ru (онлайн словарь)
2. http://usefulenglish.ru/grammar/(английская грамматика)
3. http://www.ego4u.com/ (грамматика, словари по темам)
4. http://www.kakprosto.ru/kak-118156-kak-vyuchit-tehnicheskiy-angliyskiy
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