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b) Write the reasons for and against in the boxes, as in the example.
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b) Write the reasons for and against in the boxes, as in the example.
| FOR | AGAINST |
| Exams encourage students to work harder | Exam results may depend on how you feel on a particular day |
Exercise 13. Read the text and draw a chart about higher education structure in the Russian Federation.
In Russia higher education is provided by state and non-state higher education institutions (HEIs). The Federal Agency for Education finances half of state HEIs. The rest ones are financed by other Ministries or local authorities.
Approximately half of the State HEIs students pay for their studies. In non-state HEIs all students have to pay tuition fees. Higher education is within the Ministry of Education and Science’s jurisdiction. The Federal Service of Supervision in Education and Science is responsible for quality in education.
There are two levels of higher education: 1) 4-year programs leading to the Bachelor’s degree, the first final university degree; 2) postgraduate studies with duration of 1-2 years leading to the Specialist Diploma or the Master’s degree. HEIs are authorized to award the Master’s degree after the completion of 2 years of study or the Specialist Diploma after 1 year of study following upon the Bachelor’s degree.
Scientific degrees in Russia traditionally include two levels of doctoral degrees: the Candidate of Sciences (the first level, equivalent to PhD) and the Doctor of Sciences (the second, highest level).
Exercise 14. Compare what you believe to be the strengths and weaknesses of American education system with your own. Start the sentences with the phrases below.
Firstly
Secondly
A comparison between
In comparison with/to
As compared to
Differences and similarities between
Similarly
Unlike
Whereas
On the one hand ………… , on the other hand …………….. .
In conclusion
Exercise 15. Watch a video “What's It Like Inside Stanford University? | Stanford Campus Tour” and answer the questions.
( https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=emBoDloCze8)
1. What is the iconic building in Stanford University?
2. What do the numbers on the floor mean?
3. What can be seen in the invidio auditorium?
4. What is fountain hopping?
5. How do students spend their free time?
Exercise 16. Develop presentation material about your university structure based on the video in any of these formats: advertisement, guide for newcomers, new website.
Exercise 17. Make the Internet search on five leading USA universities and complete the table.
| University | Date of establishment | Mission statement | Schools | Famous graduates | Flag, motto, emblem | Interesting facts |
B. HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
Exercise 1. Connect with the topic.
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Analyze the chart and describe the system of education in Great Britain.
In what ways does the state education system in your country differ from that in England?
Exercise 2. Match the words (1-10) with their meaning (a-j)
| 1. school leaver | a. to give somebody/something a name |
| 2. to admit | b. the desire or need for something |
| 3. full-time course | c. to put or build something in a particular place |
| 4. to fail | d. for a whole of the normal period of study |
| 5. demand | e. a detailed and careful study of something to find out more information about it |
| 6. expansion | f. a person who has just left school |
| 7. to establish | g. the process of becoming greater in size, number, or amount |
| 8. to name after | h. to allow somebody to enter, to take somebody into a place |
| 9. to site | i. to start something (an organization or institution) |
| 10. research | j. to unsuccessful in something |
Exercise 3. Fill in the gaps using the words from Exercise 2.
1. She _____ to college without exams due to her natural aptitudes.
2. The board _____ detailed criteria for candidates.
3. There is the lack of job opportunities for _____.
4. The sportsground _____ behind the school.
5. The university _____ the prominent scientist.
6. Higher educational establishments provide _____.
7. Scientists predict a new period of economic _____.
8. There is always strong _____ for specialists in this branch of industry.
9. If students miss many classes, they _____ their exams.
10. Our group conducts ______ in physics.
Exercise 4. Read the text about higher education in Great Britain and make up a list of the key ideas.
Only about one third of school leavers in Great Britain receive post-school education, compared with over 80 per cent in Germany, France, the United States and Japan. However, it must be borne in mind that once admitted to university relatively fewer (15 per cent) British students fail to complete their degree course.
Fourteen per cent of 18– and 19-year-olds enter full-time courses (degree or other advanced courses higher than A level). These courses are provided in universities, polytechnics, Scottish central institutions, colleges of higher (HE) and further (FE) education, and technical, art and agricultural colleges, non-advanced vocational training and educational courses. In addition, there are part-time students, who are released by their employers.
Today there are forty-seven universities in Britain, compared with only seventeen in 1945. They fall into four broad categories: the ancient English foundations, the ancient Scottish ones, the ‘redbrick’ universities, and the ‘plate-glass’ ones. They are all private institutions, receiving direct grants from central government.
Oxford and Cambridge, founded in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries respectively, are easily the most famous of Britain’s universities. Today ‘Oxbridge’, as the two together are known, educate less than one tenth of Britain’s total university student population. But they continue to attract many of the best brains, partly on account of their prestige but also on account of the seductive beauty of many of their buildings and surroundings.
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Both universities grew gradually, as federations of independent colleges most of which were founded in the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. In both universities, however, new colleges have been established, for example Green College, Oxford (1979) and Robinson College, Cambridge (1977).
In the nineteenth century many more redbrick universities were established to respond to the greatly increased demand for educated people as a result of the Industrial Revolution and the expansion of Britain’s overseas empire. Many of these were sited in the industrial centres, for example Birmingham, Manchester, Nottingham, Newcastle, Liverpool and Bristol.
With the expansion of higher education in the 1960s many more plate-glass universities were established, some named after counties or regions rather than old cities, for example Sussex, Kent and East Anglia. There is also a highly successful Open University, which provides every person in Britain with the opportunity to study for a degree, without leaving their home. It is particularly designed for adults who regret missed opportunities earlier. It conducts learning through correspondence, radio and television, and also through local study centres.
University examinations are for Bachelor of Arts, or of Science (BA or BSc) on completion of the undergraduate course, and Master of Arts or of Science (MA or MSc) on completion of postgraduate work, usually a one– or two-year course involving some original research. Some students continue to complete a three-year period of original research for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).
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