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Text B. The Treatment of Rheumatic Endocarditis




The patient with the diagnosis of rheumatic endocarditis was treated at the in-patient department. He was administered antibiotic therapy to eliminate the primary focus of infection. He was also administered Adonis preparations to control cardiovascular insufficiency. The preparations of Adonis were administered in the dosage of a tablespoonful three times a day. The patient took aspirin in the dosage of 1 gr four times a day.

The physician recommended the patient's diet to be nourishing and containing many vitamins. But his diet had to be limited in salt. The patient was allowed only a limited amount of fluid.

The patient had been following the administered treatment for 45 days. By that time his condition had become much better.

Having been discharged from the hospital he had to come to the out-patient department for regular follow-up examinations. In spring and autumn he had to undergo aspirin and bicillin treatment to prevent the recurrence of the disease.

XV. Choose the sentences corresponding to Texts A and B:

1. a) The patient was administered vitamin therapy for his better nourishing, b) The patient was administered antibiotic therapy to eliminate the primary focus of infection. 2. a) The patient complained of a general malaise, early fatigue on exertion, cardiac discomfort and palpitation, b) The patient complained of cold perspiration at night, loss of appetite and weight.

XVI. Choose the correct answer:

1. What disease may the onset of rheumatic endocarditis be preceded by? (a) It may be preceded by tonsillitis;

b) It may be preceded by lung abscess.) 2. What examination can the enlargement of the heart be determined by? (a) It can be determined by percussion and X-ray examination; b) It can be determined by electrocardiogram.) 3. What must the diet of a patient with rheumatic endocarditis contain? (a) It must contain much salt; b) It must contain many vitamins.)


LESSON 38

I. По данным словам переведите однокоренные:

sufficient недостаточный, недостаточность, достаточно; locate распо­ложенный, местный, расположение; involve пораженный (вовлеченный), поражение (вовлечение); prepare препарат, подготовленный; limit ограни­ченный, ограничение

II. Разделите следующие сложные слова на нх составные части и переведите каждую часть:

toothache, cardiovascular, tablespoonful, earache, stomachache, breastbone, gallbladder, overdosage, headache

III. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова н словосочетания:

1. Строгий постельный режим последовал за диагнозом сердечной недостаточности. 2. За приступом боли в груди последовала общая слабость. 3. После рецидива ревматического эндокардита больной вновь поступил в больницу. 4. Чтобы проследить отдаленные результаты у больного, врач вызывал его в поликлинику несколько раз. 5. У некоторых больных, состоящих на учете, были выявлены неблагоприятные изменения в печени. 6. Все больные с подозрением на рак должны проходить последующие обследования регулярно.

IV. * Употребите сложное дополнение, раскрыв скобки и произведя соответствующие изменения:

1. The X-ray examination confirmed (that the patient had) organic changes in the mitral, aortic and tricuspid valves. 2. The physician determined (that the primary focus of infection had been eliminated) due to antibiotic therapy. 3. Physicians consider (that the loss of weight is) one of the typical signs of pulmonary tuberculosis.

V. Из инфинитивов, данных в скобках, образуйте сложные формы причастий; предложения переведите:

1. (to have been treated) with Adonis preparations for several weeks the patient stated that his breathlessness had decreased. 2. (to have listened) to the patient's heart the doctor believed him to suffer from cardiac insufficiency. 3. (to be fed) with the nourishing diet containing many vitamins the patient began to gain weight.

VI. Выучите следующие слова: note [nout] и отмечать; замечать

radiate ['reidieit] v распространять(ся), излучать(ся) frequently ['fri:kwantli] adv часто; многократно incidence ['insidans] n число случаев, частота (заболеваний) overstrain ['ouva'strein] п перенапряжение, чрезмерное усилие disturbance [dis'taibans] п расстройство; нарушение; повреждение diminish [di'minij] v уменьшать(ся); убавлять(ся); слабеть; ослаблять deviate ['di. vieit] v отклоняться, отступать (от нормы) adequate ['aedikwit] а соответствующий; подходящий rise (rose, risen) о подниматься

VII. Переведите следующие словосочетания:

1. the pain radiated to the back; 2. considerable disturbances of metabolic rate; 3. a frequent sharp pain in the substernal area; 4. the diminished waves of electrocardiogram; 5. marked deviations in the electrocardiogram readings; 6. the overstrain may produce nervous system disturbances; 7. to administer an adequate dose of this preparation

VIII. 1. Прочтите текст С. 2. Найдите и переведите предложения, в которых употребляется: а) сложное дополнение, б) слово 'one', определи­те его функцию. 3. Напишите 7 вопросов по содержанию текста, так что­бы охватить каждый абзац. 4. Составьте план текста:

Text С. Angina Pectoris

On being admitted to the in-patient department the patient complained of pain in the chest.

He had been suffering from pain of various intensity in the chest and behind the breastbone for several weeks. The patient noted the pain to radiate to the left shoulder and down the arm. The patient also observed the pain have been growing worse on moving and on physical exertion. He stated that it frequently began suddenly at night during sleep.

During the attacks of pain he was covered with cold perspiration and his face was pale. The incidence of attacks was frequently associated with physical and mental overstrain.

On physical examination the doctor revealed areas of very sensitive skin from the 7th cervical vertebra to the 5th upper thoracic one. On percussion, palpation and auscultation of the heart no significant abnormality was revealed.

The electrocardiogram taken during the attack showed a disturbance in the coronary blood circulation. The most important readings of the electrocardiogram were either diminished or deviated. By having repeated the

7 A. M. Маслова

electrocardiogram after the end of the attack the cardiologist found the adequate readings of the electrocardiogram to return to normal ones.

During the attacks of moderate pain no changes in the peripheral blood or elevation of body temperature were noted. However the temperature rose insignificantly and there was an accompanying slight leucocytosis when the attacks of pain were particularly severe.

The doctor made the diagnosis of angina pectoris with a severe course. Its main cause was atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries.

CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

IX. Form new words by adding the prefixes. Translate the words:

a) un---- doubtful, favourable, impaired, preserved, treated;

b) intra----- tracheal, abdominal, venous, muscular, cellular;

c) sub----- acute, febrile, cutaneous, sternal, divide;

d) over---- dosage, strain, work, estimate, pressure, weight

X. Choose the appropriate participle given in brackets. Translate the sentences:

1.... an acute pain in the heart which radiated to the shoulder the patient was administered a strict bed regimen, (being developed; having developed; developing; having been developed) 2.... for rheumatic endocarditis at the in­patient department the patient was discharged from the hospital in good state, but had to be followed-up at the out-patient department, (having treated; treating; being treated; having been treated)

XI. Translate the following sentences using Complex Object with Participle:

1. Дежурная сестра слышала, как больная в палате № 6 кашляла всю ночь. 2. Мы видели, как показания электрокардиограммы постепенно изменялись. 3. Студенты наблюдали, как лечащий врач прослушивал сердце у больного.

XII. Use the English words instead of the Russian ones; translate the sentences:

1. Last year for several weeks the patient had been suffering from constant cardiac pain (распространявшуюся вниз по руке). 2. (Нарушения тока крови) were revealed by numerous instrumental examinations. 3. Having undergone a course of (соответствующих инъекций) the patient stated that the cardiac pain considerably decreased. 4. (Физическое и психическое перенапряжение) increases the incidence of heart attacks in persons suffering from angina pectoris.

XIII. Finish the sentences choosing the appropriate statement to correspond to Text C:

1. For several days the patient had been suffering from... (a) pains of various intensity in the chest and behind the breastbone; b) severe attacks of productive cough which occurred at night and in the morning) 2. It was revealed that the patient had areas of particularly sensitive skin... (a) over the anterior surface of the chest from the 2nd to the 4th rib; b) from the 7th cervical vertebra to the 5th upper thoracic one)

XIV. 1. Read Text D. 2. Entitle it. 3. What data important for a future doctor does it contain? 4. Put questions:

TextD

Last year my father was ill with angina pectoris. He suffered from constant attacks of chest pain. He was admitted to the in-patient department.

After he had undergone all the necessary laboratory examinations and several electrocardiograms had been taken both during the attack of chest pain and at the time when the chest pain was relieved the cardiologist administered him an adequate treatment.

To relieve a sharp pain in very severe attacks my father was given the injections of 1% omnopon solution. It was given in combination with 0.5 ml of a 0.1% atropine solution.

If the attacks were mild or moderate he took nitroglyc-erin in an adequate dose of 3 drops-. Nitroglycerin was dropped on some sugar which my father put under the tongue. My father said that nitroglycerin relieved the pain immediately and a moderate attack or a mild one was controlled within 3 or 5 minutes. The cardiologist explained that nitroglycerin relieved the spasm of coronary arteries which caused chest pain.

My father stayed in the hospital for about two weeks. Now he is followed- up at the out-patient department. His condition has considerably improved. The last electrocardiogram readings were neither diminished nor deviated.

LESSON 39

HOME ASSIGNMENTS

1.1. Сгруппируйте (письменно) слова по частям речи и подчеркните в них суффиксы:

various, severity, hospitalize, doubtful, radiation, favourable, sensitive, incidence, measure, disturbance, frequently, slightly, duration, characterize, improvement, eliminate, rupture

2. Сгруппируйте (письменно) однокоренные слова:

dilate, disturb, eliminate, unit, different, dilated, union, eliminated, differ, recurrence, dilatation, disturbance, elimination, unite, recur, difference, undilated, unity, disturbing

П. Прочтите сообщения и запомните факты, о которых в них говорится:

Do you know that

1. at rest the blood makes a complete circle in our body within 20-25 seconds? 2. within 70 years of life the human heart contracts about 2.5 milliard times and pumps 145 million litres of blood? 3. at rest the human heart pumps 4 litres of blood per minute but on great physical exertion 40 litres? 4. the man can live without water for 10 days and without food for more than a month?

III. Запомните чтене следующих слов и переведите их: academician [a,kaed3'mijh], coronary ['кэгэпэп], defect [di'fekt], bio­chemical ['baio(u)'kemik(3)l], manipulation [m3,nipju'leij(3)n], interval [lint9v(9)l], characterize ['kaeriktaraiz], hypothermia [,haipo(u )'0a:mi9]

IV. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания: suffer ['sAfa] страдать (from); переносить congenital [кэп'ёзепШ] а врожденный

besides [bi'saidz] adv кроме того; ргр кроме failure ['feilja] п остановка; повреждение; нарушение heart failure внезапная остановка сердечной деятельности (паралич сердца, остановка сердца)

fibrillation [.faibri'leifn] п трепетание, фибрилляция arrest [a'rest] п остановка, задержка; прекращение; v задерживать, (приостанавливать)

damage [*daemid3] п повреждение, поражение; v повреждать result [ri'zAlt] in v заканчиваться, приводить к чему-л.; result from происходить в результате, быть следствием danger [ldeind33] п опасность exclude [iks'klu.d] v исключать bandage ['baendid3] v перевязывать; n повязка incision [in'si3n] n разрез

V. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:

1. congenital [kan'd3enitl]: congenital disease, congenital heart defect, to suffer from a congenital heart defect;

2. failure ['feilja]: heart failure, cardiac failure, to reveal heart failure, to prevent the development of heart failure;

3. result [ri'zAlt]: to result in the impairment of heart function, the inflammation resulted from infection

VI. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания, обращая внимание на предлоги:

in the presence of, to result in, to result from, to suffer from, to be operated on for smth, to be preceded by, a damage to some organ, because of, a bad state, within a certain period of time.

VII. Составьте вопросы к данным ответам:

1. Yes, there are about ten main kinds of congenital heart defects which can be treated both therapeutically and surgically. 2. Yes, heart defects result in the impairment of heart functions and the changes in its anatomical structure. 3. Yes, heart failure may occur during the operation on the heart.

VIII. 1. Прочтите текст E. 2. Найдите и переведите предложения: а) с усилительной конструкцией 'it is... that'; б) с глаголом в одном из времен группы Perfect Continuous; в) с местоимениями в качестве заменителей существительных. 3. Выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетании:

при наличии этих нарушений, порок сердца, выявление сердечных шумов

4. Напишите аннотацию к этому тексту:

Text Е. Cardiosurgery

Within the last 20 years a new branch of surgery — cardiosurgery has been developing successfully in our country. The beginning of its development was marked by the first operation on the heart performed by Academician A. N. Bakulev. It is due to the work of such prominent Soviet surgeons as Vishnevsky, Meshalkin, Petrovsky, Amosov, and others that great progress has been achieved in cardiosurgery. The lives of many thousands of people suffering from cardiac diseases and from those of coronary vessels have been already saved.

The operations on the heart are performed to eliminate the existing heart, defects, congenital or developed, and to restore the normal function of the heart.

The operation on the heart is preceded by various examinations, which enable the surgeon to make a correct diagnosis. The most important ones are listening to the heart, its X-ray examination, electrocardiograms, the revealing of heart murmurs, and clinical and biochemical blood analyses. Only having made an exact diagnosis and having come to the conclusion that the therapeutic measures have been ineffective the surgeon can perform the operation on the heart.

The operations on the heart are very difficult to perform because of the intricate (сложный) anatomical structure of the heart and because the heart constantly contracts.

Some operations are performed on the contracting heart, but such operations give the surgeon only a very short period of time for his surgical manipulations. Besides in such cases there is always the danger of the impairment of cardiac functions such as heart failure, fibrillation and others. In the presence of these impairments complete or partial arrest of blood circulation develops.

Such intervals of blood circulation result in the damage to some organs, for example, the brain can live without blood supply only four-five minutes; if the interval is longer the brain cells die.

CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

IX. Give the words of the opposite meaning:

to exclude, to result in, to diminish, gradually, slight, to drop, to suffer from, frequently, to arrest

to some organs, for example, the brain can live without blood supply only four-five minutes; if the interval is long

X. Translate the following word combinations:

1. врожденный порок сердца; 2. принять эффективные меры; 3. внезапная остановка сердца; 4. трепетание предсердий; 5. нарушение кровоснабжения

XI. Choose the appropriate word given in brackets:

1. Heart operations must be (preceded, followed) by various physical and laboratory analyses enabling the doctor to make a correct diagnosis. 2. The damage to different organs of the human body may be caused by (blood supply, blood loss). 3. The findings of Soviet scientists such as Georgi Lang, Alexander Myasnikov and Dmitry Pletnev show that the main cause of some heart diseases is (the impairment, the arrest) of the nerve regulation of cardiac and vascular functions.

XII. Translate into English:

1. Больной был срочно госпитализирован в связи с его тяжелым состоянием. 2. При наличии тяжелых сердечных заболеваний больной часто страдает одышкой. 3. Операции на сердце всегда предшествуют многочисленные исследования. 4. Его оперировали по поводу врожденного порока сердца. 5. При стенокардии больной должен соблюдать назначение врача в течение определенного периода времени. 6. Обильное наружное кровотечение (bleeding) явилось результатом повреждения большой поверхности голени. 7. Длительное соблюдение соответствующей диеты привело к снятию боли в желудке.

XIII. Use Complex Object instead of the subordinate clause. Translate the sentences:

1. At the Institute of Cardiology in Moscow the researchers have found that mental overstrain is the factor causing the infarction in 35% of patients. 2. They have observed that the direct association between infarctions and the nerves occurs only in the age-group of patients over 40. 3. At the Institute of Experimental Medicine in Leningrad the scientists have found that cholesterin is produced in the body itself in the amounts sufficient to cause atherosclerosis. 4. Cardiologists have observed that children with congenital heart defects have no clinical manifestations of the disease until years after birth, when it may be too late to operate.

XIV. Answer the following questions:

1. How many litres of blood does the human heart pump per minute at rest? 2. How many litres of blood does the human heart pump per minute on great physical exertion? 3. How many times does the human heart contract within 70 years of life? 4. How many litres of blood does the human heart pump within 70 years of life? 5. In how many seconds does the blood make a complete circle in our body at rest? 6. How long can the man live without water and without food?

XV. Read Text F. Which of the described methods have you got interested in?

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