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When placed in a strong magnetic field iron becomes magnetized.
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Heat produced from electric energy often heats our homes.
While speaking of strength it must be noted that strength is not the same as
Stiffness.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения с модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами.
A body can be accelerated only if a force is applied to it.
Objects may reflect most of one colour, half of another colour and a small
Percentage of some others.
Nobody will be able to measure the density of this substance without a
Special device.
In our experiments the initial substances must be chemically pure.
The aim of the study is to provide definite results as soon as possible.
The force acting upon the body had to be determined.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы текста.
ANDREY SAKHAROV
Andrey Sakharov, the outstanding nuclear physicist, was born in Moscow, Russia on May 14. He won a doctorate at the age of 26 and was admitted as a full member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences at age 32.
Having invented the deadly weapon, nevertheless, Andrey Sakharov was an outspoken advocate of human rights, civil liberties and reforms in the country. As a prominent Soviet scientist, he was accorded luxuries and honors. But in 1961 he went on record against the plan to test a 100-megaton hydrogen bomb in the atmosphere, fearing the effects of widespread radioactive fallout. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace, but in 1975 the Soviet scientist had to overcome many obstacles in his way for world recognition and awards.
In 1968 Sakharov published in the West his essay “Progress, Coexistence and Intellectual Freedom”, in which he called for nuclear arms reductions and criticized the increasing repression of Soviet dissidents.
In December 1979, with his denunciation of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and his call for a world boycott of the Moscow Olympic Games, he was silenced. He was not able to publish his works in his country.
A year later, the Soviet government stripped him of his honors and exiled him to the closed city of Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod). M. S. Gorbachev in 1986 released Sakharov and let him return to Moscow.
КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №2.
ВАРИАНТ 4.
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого.
А) Действительный залог
The use of metals is based upon their physical or chemical properties.
There are many properties that man has found useful in his application of
Electromagnetic waves.
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The flow of electrons in one direction results in an electric current.
The energy sources of the world are decreasing while the energy needs of the
World are increasing.
Б) Страдательный залог
The isotopes of the element hydrogen were given individual names.
Electronics is usually thought of as that part of electricity which deals with
Vacuum tubes and transistors.
The behaviour of metals is greatly affected by the changes in temperature.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите функции причастий (Participle I, Participle II).
The Celsius scale (шкала Цельсия) is the scale used in most scientific
Experiments.
When heated to a certain temperature, water increases in volume.
The motion of the boiling water is caused by the bubbles of vapour rising
Through the water.
While testing the operation of the system engineers used different kinds of
Equipment.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения с модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами.
Artificial light can be produced in several ways.
This process may be affected by other factors.
You will be able to explain the disagreement between these results.
Much fuel must always produce much heat.
The old machines in this shop are to be replaced by next year.
The defects in this metal construction had to be detected by means of X-ray
Examination.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы текста.
ERNST MACH (1838 – 1916)
1. Ernst Mach, an outstanding Austrian physicist, was born on the 18th of February, 1838 in Turas, Moravia (now Czech Republic). He was the son of a schoolteacher who moved with his family to Vienna while Ernst was still a baby. His training was in physics, and he obtained his doctor’s degree in that subject at the University of Vienna in 1895.
However, he was strongly influenced by psychophysics and became a philosopher of science. He elaborated the notion that all knowledge was a matter of sensation. Mach’s philosophy was not greeted with any enthusiasm in his time. More than thirty years later Mach’s idealistic theory was analyzed and criticized.
Mach is best known now for his experiments on airflow, in which he was the first to take note of the sudden change in the nature of the airflow over a moving object as it reaches the speed of sound. Consequently, the speed of sound in air, under given conditions of temperature is called Mach 1. Twice the speed of sound is Mach 2, and so on. After the war, planes approached the speed of sound (740 miles an hour) or Mach 1. In the age of supersonic air travel, Mach numbers (a phrase first used in 1925) fill the public prints.
4. Ernst Mach died in Germany, on the 19th February, 1916.
КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №2.
ВАРИАНТ 5.
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I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого.
А) Действительный залог
Scientists have found ways of measuring the sizes and positions of bodies in
The Universe.
While the Earth is making one complete rotation on its axis, it is also
Traveling in its orbit around the Sun.
3. Scientists had solved many interesting problems by the end of the 19th
Century.
B) Страдательный залог
Atoms are grouped in various ways to make molecules.
Iron is referred to as the most important metal of our metallic age.
The name “electron” was given to the small negative particle discovered by
Thomson.
The ignition was followed by combustion.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите функции причастий (Participle I, Participle II).
At the center of the atom, and forming its nucleus, there are one or more
Positively charged particles or protons.
When electrified a body may repel as well as attract different objects.
Heat gained by one substance is heat lost by another.
Another promising method to produce high-energy particles is based on
Superconductivity.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения с модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами.
Infra-red waves can be stopped by glass.
Energy release may do some useful work.
Soon we’ll be able to understand many phenomena which occur on the solar
Surface.
Today the scientists must concentrate their attention on the production of
Artificial materials.
The samples are to be analyzed at our laboratory.
The laboratory assistant had to check up the readings of the recorder
Several times.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы текста.
YURY GAGARIN (1934 – 1968)
In the 1960s satellites were traveling at speeds approaching Mach 25. It was only a matter of time before men were placed in them. In the Soviet Union and in the USA men were undergoing training for this purpose. They were called cosmonauts in the Soviet Union and astronauts in the United States.
The first man to fly into space was Yury Gagarin. On Wednesday, April 12, 1961 at 9.07 a.m. Moscow time, the sputnik-spaceship “Vostok” was launched into space with a man on board. This man was the first cosmonaut, Yury Gagarin.
3. Yury Gagarin, the son of a carpenter, was born near Gzhatsk (now Gagarin), Smolensk region on the 9th of March, 1934. His early education was interrupted by the war. After the war he attended a vocational school and then a technical industrial school. His interest in flying led him to the Orenburg Flying School from which he graduated with honors as an air force lieutenant in 1957. After serving as a test pilot, he joined the group of cosmonauts in training for orbital flight and it was upon him that the choice fell in 1961.
On April 12, 1961, Gagarin became the first man placed in orbit around the Earth. He remained in orbit 1 hour and 48 minutes, rising as high above the surface as 187,66 miles and traveling at a velocity that reached 17,000 miles an hour. So on April 12, 1961, mankind entered a new era – the era of mastering space age.
5. Yury Gagarin died tragically in an airplane crash near Kirzhach on the 27th of March, 196
CONTROL WORK N 3
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Для того, чтобы выполнить контрольную работу N 3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику.
- Многофункциональность глаголов “to be” и “to have”
- Многозначность английских слов “one”, “that”, “it”
- Неличные формы глагола – герундий (Gerund), причастия настоящего времени (Participle I) и инфинитива (Infinitive): функции и перевод.
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