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IV. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в них глагол-сказуемое, определите его видо-временную форму. Предложения переведите.
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1. My working day usually lasts seven hours.
2. Your resume will be considered in two weeks.
3. Sheila was being interviewed from ten to twelve o’clock.
4. I haven’t seen them yet today.
5. The results will have been received by the end of the week.
6. She has been working as a travel agent since 1998.
7. We stayed in this hotel last July.
8. I’ll be cooking dinner while you are away.
9. The doctor has already been sent for.
10. If the weather is fine, we’ll go swimming.
11. He had paid the bill before he left.
12. I am often asked about my hobbies and interests.
V. Поставьте вопросы к подчеркнутым членам предложения.
1. I came from France.
2. She gets up at 6.30 every morning.
3. Justin went to work by bus.
4. We were received by the Manager.
5. My mom was looking at my dirty shoes.
VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.
PROFIT AND PROFITABILITY
By looking at the cost indicator we can see how an enterprise is getting along. But it does not tell much about its performance from the standpoint of the interests of the country’s economy as a whole. For that we need to turn to other indicators, namely, profit and profitability. Profit is the difference between whole sale price and output cost; it is that part of the surplus product made by the labour force of an enterprise which remains at the disposal of the enterprise after its products have been sold or realized. Under socialism, the profit of an enterprise cannot become unearned income. It has nothing in common with capitalist profit, as it is used for the satisfaction of the needs of society as a whole and of its members. Compared with the cost indicator the profit indicator gives a more
complete picture of the performance of an enterprise. The effort to bring down the cost often conflicts with the effort to improve output quality. Additional outlays made by an enterprise to raise quality of its products may result in substantial savings in the exploitation of the products. For example, aircraft engines of improved design enable the country to save thousand of millions of roubles. But such additional outlays increase cost. If we judge the performance of this enterprise by cost only, we may get the
impression that it has become less efficient, as the cost output has increased. But if we judge its performance by the amount of profit it earns, we shall conclude, quite correctly, that its performance has improved: its profit increased since high-quality goods fetch a higher price. Thus profit, when it is due to improve quality of output, is to the advantage of both producer and customer. Needless to say, setting a target for profit does not make cost reduction less important. But the total sum of profits does not yet tell everything about the performance of an enterprise. To appraise that, one should also use the indicator of probability, which expresses the relationship between the amount of profit earned and the cost of the fixed assets it turnover.
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Notes
Profit and profitability-----------------------прибыль и рентабельность
Cost indicator---------------------------------показатель стоимости
From the standpoint--------------------------с точки зрения
Wholesale price-----------------------------оптовая цена
The surplus product------------------------прибавочный продукт
At the disposal of---------------------------в распоряжении
As a whole-----------------------------------в целом
Output quality--------------------------качество выпускаемой продукции
Saving----------------------------------------экономия, сбережения
Cost reduction-------------------------------снижение стоимости
Fixed assets----------------------------------основной капитал
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1.
ВАРИАНТ 3.
I. Поставьте глаголы to be и to have в нужную форму, обращая внимание на обстоятельства времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Mr. Brown ______ a wife and two daughters at present.
2. My Aunt Mary ______ 33 next month.
3. ______ you very tired yesterday?
4. I _____ _____ a lot of free time tomorrow.
5. _____ he _____ any other opinion when they asked him?
6. ______ there a flowerbed in front of the house three years ago?
7. _____ she alone just now?
8. You _____ not at home when we came.
9. We _____ a small old house there last year.
10._____ I the only candidate for this position now?
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
1. I think I am a little taller than you.
2. John is more generous than his father.
3. A school teacher is not as well paid as a University Professor.
4. The more I look at this picture, the less I like it.
5. My uncle was one of the strongest athletes in his neighborhood.
III. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения.
1. I think I must help her.
2. May I smoke here?
3. Can you lend me your dictionary?
4. It is getting cold. You should put on a jacket.
5. You will have to work hard to pass your exams successfully.
6. Who will be able to tell her the truth?
IV. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в них глагол-сказуемое, определите его
Видо-временную форму. Предложения переведите.
1. He speaks several languages.
2. I will introduce a new colleague to you.
3. Yesterday I was invited to their wedding ceremony.
4. Final exams are usually taken in June.
5. I was having lunch when you phoned.
6. She will be waiting for you at two o’clock tomorrow.
7. Have you ever been abroad?
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8. Dangerous diseases will have been defeated by the middle of the century.
9. She told us that she had not finished her report yet.
10. He visited a lot of countries.
11. By the time you leave home, we’ll have come to the station.
12. While he was being looked for, his companions stole the money.
V. Поставьте вопросы к подчеркнутым членам предложения.
1. Lucy returned in the afternoon.
2. She goes to her mother-in-law every weekend.
3. I was listening to the latest news.
4. Mr. Graham gave him some advice.
5. My Dad promised to take us to the countryside.
VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.
FORMS OF ACCOUNTING
1. Every factory, building site, collective farm, institution carries out primary recording or current registration to a definite system of economic phenomena that are either the necessary conditions for or the final results of the activity of these units. The data are grouped and summed up in one way or another and their totals recorded in special registration documents. This systematic recording of economic and related phenomena or processes and their subsequent classification and summary is called accounting.
2. We speak of accounting in the broadest sense of the word. In social life many phenomena and processes take place which are not the immediate expression of the activity of economic and other organizations. We cannot afford to disregard them, however; we must take account of them if we want to improve economic activities and carry out social reforms.
3. Three forms of accounting are to be distinguish, according to their methods and specific aims, operative technical recording, bookkeeping and statistics. The main aim of operative technical recording is the prompt supply of technical production information required at a particular enterprise or institution. It goes without saying that this form of accounting also includes registration of the findings of laboratory analyses of the composition and quality of materials and products, the results of tests conducted during the
manufacture and operation of machinery and equipment. Part of the information obtained through operative technical recording is summed up statistically and is used in a summarized form for control and guidance of whole branches of the economy. Bookkeeping is conducted at all industrial enterprises, institutions and organizations. It serves as an instrument of continuous, daily control over
fulfillment of economic plans and the maintenance of material and financial resources. The subject of bookkeeping is the movement of resources at any given economic unit. It reflects this movement of resources in value (money) form, which makes it possible to compare different types of resources and summarize the relevant data. The same resources are regarded from two points of view, that of their composition and that of their origin. Bookkeeping employs the method of double entry of each economic operation performed, which makes for a mutually connected reflection of the movement of resources. Statistical accounting or statistics registers the quantitative aspect of mass phenomena and processes of social life in their inseparable connection with their qualitative characteristics.
Notes
We must take account of them--------мы должны их учитывать
It goes without saying------------------само собой разумеется
Accounting-------------------------------бухгалтерский учет; анализ хозяйственной деятельности
Recording---------------------------------запись, регистрация
Bookkeeping------------------------------введение бухгалтерских книг; бухгалтерия, бухг. учет
The method of double entry-------------метод двойной бухгалтерии
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КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1.
ВАРИАНТ 4.
I. Поставьте глаголы to be и to have в нужную форму, обращая внимание на обстоятельства времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. You ______ a family of you own, when you _____ 30 years old.
2. My grandparents _____ not at home when I came to visit them.
3. I _____ a lot of free time last week.
4. He _____ no job at present.
5. ______ there a garden behind the house three years ago?
6. _____ she free just now?
7. We _____ a small old house there last year.
8. _____ I the only candidate for this position now?
9. _____ she _____ anybody to assist her five years ago?
10. He _____ no problem with his car next time.
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