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The studies of human ova fertilization outside the body (in vitro) at the Crimean medical Institute, 1955-1966
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THE STUDIES OF HUMAN OVA FERTILIZATION OUTSIDE THE BODY (IN VITRO) AT THE CRIMEAN MEDICAL INSTITUTE, 1955-1966
In 1940, the head of the Department of histology of the Crimean medical institute was Professor Boris Pavlovich Khvatov, the eminent embryologist of the mid-twentieth century in the USSR (Photo № 7. ) He moved to Simferopol from Moscow (according to some reports, he was exiled from Moscow to the Crimea because of some case, that was not uncommon at that time).
Photo №7. Professor Boris Pavlovich Khvatov (1902 – 1975).
Embryologist, histologist, Doctor of Medical Sciences,
Head of the Department of Histology of the Crimean Medical Institute
in the period from 1940 to 1972.
Biography
Boris Khvatov was born on 3 April 1902 in Dniprodzerzhynsk. He came from a family of Russian intelligents. His grandfather was the rector of Kharkov University. His father was an engineer-metallurgist, one of the heads of the South Russian Metallurgical Factory. His mother was a teacher in gymnasium.
In the period from 1920 to 1928 yrs., Boris Khvatov studied at the medical faculty of Dnipropetrovsk University. As a student, he began working at the Department of histology in the post of the anatomist. After graduation, he was an assistant at the Department of Histology. The cytologist and histologist, the first rector of Dnipropetrovsk University, Professor Vladimir Porfiryevich Karpov and neurohistologist, academician Boris Innokentyevich Lavrentiev were the teachers of B. P. Khvatov.
In 1931, he transferred to the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute. At the same time, he worked in Moscow as a senior researcher, and then as a professor at the all-Union Institute of animal husbandry.
In 1936, he received approval of a scientific degree of candidate of medical and biological Sciences, without defense of thesis.
In 1938, he defended the thesis, devoted to the study of the mechanisms of ovulation in mammals, and was accredited with the degree of doctor of medical sciences.
Issues related to the studying the mechanisms of ovulation and its causes, were interested B. P. Khvatov throughout his subsequent scientific activity.
Boris P. Khvatov together with V. K. Milovanov (physiologist, doctor of biological sciences and academician of All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences n. a. V. I. Lenin) examined, developed and implemented the method of artificial insemination in animals.
His research was devoted to the study of:
• Pigmentation in mammals and human, development and histophysiology of the bone marrow of humans and animals;
• Generation of mesenchyme and early stages of human development (during the first two months of pregnancy);
• Histophysiology of placenta;
• Histology and histophysiology of animals and humans reproductive system, time of the sexual cycle, pregnancy and the influence of gonadotropic hormones.
Professor Khvatov developed an original method for studying the oviduct, rolled in a spiral (the “snail” method) in which review dynamics of movement of ova on the oviduct and the earliest stages of fertilization and crushing of zygotes of mammals and human. He discovered the earliest stage of human ovum fertilization in the phase of the fusion of pronuclei. His discoveries entered the world collection of embryology and published in numerous manuals all over the world.
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Boris P. Khvatov is the author of 7 monographs and over 100 published scientific works. 9 doctoral degrees and 23 master's thesis were written by his disciples and co-workers. More than 300 scientific works on histology, embryology, obstetrics and gynecology, and other clinical disciplineы were published under his leadership.
During more than 40 years of pedagogical work, Boris P. Khvatov raised a new generation of doctors and researchers. Many of his disciples began to stare
departments and laboratories in various universities throughout the country.
• Doctor of Biological Sciences, Prof. Zinaida Ivanovna Brodovskaya headed the Department of Biology of Crimean Medical Institute in 1969-1980.
• Doctor of Medical Sciences, Prof. Yuriy Nikolayevich Shapovalov headed the Department of Histology, cytology and embryology of Crimean Medical Institute in 1969-1980.
• Doctor of Medical Sciences, Prof. Arkady Isaakovich Brusilovsky headed the Department of Histology, cytology and embryology of Crimean Medical Institute in 1981-1991, later worked at the University in Los Angeles, USA (1991-2011).
• Doctor of Medical Sciences, Prof. Irina Moiseevna Yarovaya headed the Department of Biology of Moscow Medical Dental Institute in 1974 – 1993.
• Doctor of Medical Sciences Prof. Boris Viktorovich Trotsenko headed the Department of Histology, cytology and embryology of Crimean Medical Institute in 1991-1998.
During the work at the Crimean Medical Institute Professor Khvatov (1940-1972) created an unique embryological school, which gained widespread fame and recognition in many countries of the world.
Long-term systematic research of female reproductive system led him to create a number of classical techniques that made it possible to detect the earliest stages of human embryos development in the fallopian tubes directly (in particular, the “snail” method, which widely used in scientific research not only of the reproductive system, but also of other organs). In the early 1950s, based on longitudinal research of the mammalian and human reproductive system, Professor Khvatov had considered opinion the cultivation of human oocytes is possible in vitro.
In 1954, the scientific research was entrusted in this direction to a post-graduate student G. N. Petrov (Photo № 8).
Photo № 8. Post-graduate student G. N. Petrov, 1955.
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