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Английский язык для студентов строительных специальностей





UNIT 10. FOUNDATIONS OF BUILDINGS | 217


 


17. shrink [Jnnkj v — давать усадку, усыхать, сжиматься

shrinkage ['Jnnkidj] п — усадка, усушка, сжимание Unless kept continually wet, modern concretes shrink after hardening. Soil shrinkage is the process of soil material contracting to a lesser volume, with the loss of water on drying.

18. crack [kra?kj n v — трещина; трескаться, раскалываться
This resulted in an increase in the formation of cracks in the

underside of the beam. The window cracked down the middle.

19. raft [rcuft] n — сплошной фундамент, опорная плита

Further construction was started only after the curing of the raft had been fully done.

20. distort [dis'to:t] v — перекашивать(ся), деформиро­ваться)

Metal distorts under stress.

Read and translate the following international words. Look up their transcriptions in the dictionary if necessary. Mind the part of speech.

Category n, stabilize v, adequate adj, geotechnical adj, structurally adv, stratum n, rare adj, diameter n, principle n, collapse n, recommend v, form n, geology n, machine n, residential adj, total adj, normally adv, seasonal adj, alternative n adj.

Match the pairs of synonyms from A and В and translate them.

2. expand a. bearing capacity

t>. transfer


 

3. column ---------------------------------------------- 1 с shrinkage
4. reinforced concrete layer d. stiff
5. subsidence e. pile
6. transmit f. heave
7. base g. swell
8. ground h. raft
9. load capacity i. foundation
10. a supporting structure j. settlement
11. compression k. soil
12. bulging out 1. pier

Match the verb on the left with a suitable item on the right. Use each item once only.

1. scour 2. place 3. embed 4. pour 5. form 6. transfer 7. stabilize 8. experience 9. drive 10. distort

a. a pile

b. a concrete pad
с under stress

d. the ground

e. a beam

f. settlement

g. concrete in layers
h. cracks

i. a foundation j. a load

Make the following sentences complete by translating the words and phrases in brackets.

1. Field tests provide the most reliable relationship between the axial load applied to а (фундамент глубокого заложения) and the resulting axial movement. 2. Indications of (неравномерная осадка) are vertical distortion or cracking of masonry walls, warped interior and exterior openings, sloped floors, and sticking doors and windows. 3. Minor (трещины) are structurally harmful only if long-term moisture leakage through the (трещины) adversely


218 [ Английский язык для студентов строительных специальностей


UNIT 10. FOUNDATIONS OF BUILDINGS | 219


 


affects building elements. 4. If the foundation embedment into the ground is not sufficient to account for erosion and (размыв) that may occur over the life of the building, the building is vulnerable to collapse under design flood and wind conditions. 5. A deep foundation is used to transfer a load from a structure through an upper weak (грунтовый слой) to a stronger and deeper (грунто­вый слой). 6. Tall buildings often rest on many small (кессон­ные сваи). 7. А (фундамент на естественном основании) supports the weight (load) from the exterior or foundation walls. 8. In construction sites where settlement is not a problem, (фун­даменты мелкого заложения) provide the most economical foundation systems. 9. The ultimate objective of any (забитая свая) is to carry some kind of load coming from a variety of sources. 10. The two most important design requirements for building structures are the strength and (жесткость).

Read and translate the following groups of sentences paying attention to the words in italics which can function as a noun and a verb with the same form. They can have similar or different meanings. Look up your dictionary if necessary.

1. a. The university has been famous since its foundation.

b. The workers are laying the foundation of a new building, с This foundation provides money for medical research.

2. a. They usually pile the boxes on the table.

b. There was a neat pile of books in the corner of the room, с The pile was driven into the ground.

3. a. The sweater will shrink when washed.

b. A bad harvest caused the farmer's income to shrink. с These processes cause the concrete to shrink slightly.

4. a. The two sides have at last reached a settlement. b. Settlement is the common cause of foundation problems, с There are some empty lands awaiting settlement.

5. a. This type of panels does not transfer vertical loads, b. She asked for a transfer to the Moscow office, с The load transfer takes place from the slabs to the beams.


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