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Иностранный язык для общих целей (62 ч.)




Цель данного модуля совершенствовать имеющиеся у студента определённые навыки чтения, перевода, устной речи на материале бытового, страноведческого характера и дать знания в области чтения и перевода оригинальной научной литературы.

Модуль содержит тематический раздел «Страна изучаемого языка», рассчитанный на 9 аудиторных занятий, включает словарь, основной и дополнительный тексты, а также задания, направленные на развитие диалогической и монологической речи. После изучения каждой темы студент должен уметь представить устное монологическое сообщение и вести беседу по данной теме.

В течение данного модуля отрабатываются такие грамматические темы, как «Артикль», «Множественное число имён существительных», «Степени сравнения имён прилагательных», «Структура предложения в иностранном языке: повествовательное (утвердительное, отрицательное), вопросительное, побудительное), «Простое предложение», «Сложное предложение: сложносочиненное, сложноподчиненное», «Наречие», «Модальные глаголы», «Неопределённые времена», а также словообразование: приставки, суффиксы, окончания разных частей речи.

Особое внимание уделяется речевому этикету повседневного общения (знакомство, представление, установление и поддержание контакта, запрос и сообщение информации, побуждение к действию, выражение просьбы, намерения, согласия/несогласия с мнением собеседника/автора, завершение беседы).

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

EXERCISE 1. Read the text using a dictionary if necessary. Make up a list of unknown words.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles, which include two large islands (Great Britain and Ireland) and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometers. The British Isles are separated from the Continent by the North Sea and the British Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. The UK is a highly developed country. It produces and exports machinery, electronics, textile. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

The UK is a parliamentary monarchy and the King (Queen) is the formal head of the government. For centuries the monarch had the total power, but now the Queen is said “to reign, not to rule”. Now the Queen of Britain is Elizabeth II. The British Parliament, the legislative body of the country, is the oldest in the world. It was formed in the 13th century. It consists of the House of Lords, the House of Commons and the Monarch. The House of Lords was previously a hereditary, aristocratic chamber, but currently it includes a number of hereditary members, bishops of the Church of England and appointed members (life peers). Life peers are appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Government for various services to the nation. The House of Lords was the final Court of Appeal up to 2005. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 transferred its judicial functions to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. The head of the House is Lord Chancellor.

The House of Commons consists of 650 members elected by popular vote. The House elects its own president who is called the Speaker. Since 1707 the House of Commons has been the major element in the British Parliament. In comparison with the House of Lords only its debates really matter during the legislative process.

The executive functions belong to the Government, which is responsible to the House of Commons. It is headed by the Prime Minister, who forms the Cabinet consisting of 17 chief ministers, the Government’s inner ruling body. The main parties which give the majority of members to the House, are the Conservative party (or Tories), the Labour party and the Liberal Democratic party. The leader of the majority party becomes the Prime Minister of Britain.

London is the capital of the UK, its economic, political and cultural centre. It is one of the world’s most important ports and one of the largest cities in the world with the population of about 11 million people. The most famous places in London are the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey, St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Houses of Parliament, the British Museum and many others.

 

EXERCISE 2. Give Russian equivalents for the following English words and word combinations:

a highly developed country, monarchy, to reign, legislative body, hereditary chamber, to appoint, Court of Appeal, judicial functions, the United Kingdom, popular vote, executive functions, be responsible to, ruling body, majority party.

 

EXERCISE 3. Give English equivalents for the following Russian words and word combinations:

Западное побережье, Великобритания, кораблестроение, королева, править, управлять, епископ, пожизненные пэры, заслуги перед отечеством, Верховный суд, глава, избирать, по сравнению с, законодательный процесс, возглавлять.

 

EXERCISE 4. Match up the adjectives in column A with the nouns in column B to form meaningful phrases.

A B

Northern chamber

Hereditary body

Parliamentary court

Legislative Ireland

Supreme monarchy

 

EXERCISE 5. Decide which of the verbs on the left collocate with the nouns on the right.

To produce members

To appoint functions

To elect machinery

To transfer the Cabinet

To head life peers

 

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