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Phonetic Stylistic Devices and Expressive Means
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SEMINARS
Workshop # 1
The text as the subject of stylistic study.The main branches of stylistics.
Problem questions:
1. What is stylistics and what are the main questions in style study?
2. What are the levels of linguistic analysis and which of them are relevant for stylistic analysis?
3. What are the main categories of stylistics?
4. Discuss the concept of style, functional style, individual style, and idiolect.
Pragmo-professional tasks:
Stylistic analysis of the literary text should cover the following issues:
1. The main events in the author’s life that influenced his artistic career, his way of thinking and his style. (Your own text) The structure of the story.
2. The content of the text being analyzed
3. The main idea of the text, i.e. the author’s “message” to the readership
4. Stylistic devices which help to express the main idea (i.e., to characterize the personages, to depict precisely the setting for the events, to express the author’s attitude towards the narrated events and the characters, etc.)
5. Other stylistic devices (those which do not obligatory help to render the author’s message, but build up the style of the narration
Literature
1. Арнольд, И.В. Стилистика. Современный английский язык: Учебник для вузов/ И.В. Арнольд- 4-е изд., испр. И доп.- М: Б.и.,2002-С. 7-17
2. Скребнев, Ю.М Основы Стилистики английского языка: Учебника для ин-тов и фак. Ин-язю- 2-е изд., испр.- М.: ООО «Издательство Астрель», 2000.- С. 5-38
3. Гальперин, И.Р. Стилистика английского языка. Учебник. Изд. 2-е, испр. И доп. М., «Высш. Школа», 1977-С. 7-17.
Workshop # 2
Stylistic classification of the English vocabulary
Problem questions:
- Explain the importance of SDs and EMs while translating emotive prose works.
- Speak about the English literary vocabulary, its subdivisions and groups of words. Define the concepts of terms, less assimilated borrowings, barbarisms, archaic and poetic words, and nonce- words. Whatis a foreignism? Giveexamples.
3. Speak about the English colloquial vocabulary and its sublayers. What is understood by slang, jargon, professionalisms, nonce-words, cant, vulgarisms, and dialectal words? Give examples.
4. What registers of communication are reflected in the stylistic differentiation of the vocabulary?
5. What are the main subgroups of formal (special literary) vocabulary?
6. Speak about terms, their structure, meaning and functions.
7. What are the fields of application of archaic words and forms?
8. Give the main characteristics of slang, jargon, general colloquial vocabulary.
9. What is the social history of vulgarisms?
10. Define the place and role of dialectal words in the national language.
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11. Find words belonging to different stylistic groups and subgroups in the dictionaries and reading materials paying attention to the type of discourse (dialogue, narration, description, and the author’s speech).
Pragmo-professional tasks:
Task 1
Define the structure and scientific adherence of the following terms:
1. Cost-затраты;
2. Stock exchange-товарная биржа;
3. Computer- aideddesignsystem-система авторизованного проектирования;
4. Veryhigh-speedintegratedcircuit-интегральная схема со сверхвысоким быстродействием;
5. Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation-кватновомеханическоеусидениеилигенерациясвета;
6. System-система;
a. Control system-системауправления;
b. Aircraftcontrolsystem-система управления самолетом;
c. Fly-by-wireaircraftcontrolsystem-электродистанционная система управления самолетом, ЭДСУ;
d. Digitalfly-by-wireaircraftcontrolsystem- цифровая -электродистанционная система управления самолетом, цифровая ЭДСУ.
Task 2
Consider the lexical peculiarities of the following passages paying special attention to interaction of the different types of vocabulary and their stylistic functions:
1. “You agree with me, Jeeves, that the situation is a lulu?”
2. “Certainly, a somewhat sharp crisis in your affairs would appear to have been precipitated, sir”. (Wodehouse)
3. “Certainly, O thou of unshuffled features and agreeable disposition”, I said, for one likes to be civil, ”the above Travers is my uncle. He sent me here to have a look at the thing. So dig it out, will you? I expect it’s rotten” (Wodehouse)
4. “Do you talk?” asked Bundle. “Or are you just strong and silent?” “Talk?” said Anthony. “I burble. I murmur. I gurgle- like a running brook, you know. Sometimes I even ask questions.” (A.Christie)
5. “Dave is the quarterback of Dave’s ESL Café.”
6. “The mechanic did a quick and dirty repair on my car.”
Task 3
Analyze the following synonyms according to their stylistic differentiation:
Currency- money- dough
To talk- to converse- to chat
To chow down- to eat- to dine
To start- to commence- to kick off
Insane- nuts- mentally ill
Spouse- hubby- husband
To leave- to withdraw- to shoot off
Geezer- senior citizen- old man
Mushy- emotional- sentimental
LITERATURE
1. Арнольд И.В. Стилистика современного английского языка. Стр. 150-165.
2. Кухаренко В.А. A book of Practice in Stylistics. Pp.29-33.
3. Кухаренко В.А. Seminars in Style. Pp.6-22.
4. Freeborn D. Style Text Analysis and Linguistic Criticism. London, 1996.
5. Galperin I.R. Stylistics. Pp.57-119
6. Gurevitch V.V. English Stylistics. Moscow, 2005.
7. Widdowson H.G. Stylistics and the Teaching of Literature. Longman, 1975.
8. http:/www.lingvoda.ru/LingvoDict/Stylistics.zip
9. http:/www.durov.com/study/STYLISTICS-175.doc
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Workshop # 3
Phonetic Stylistic Devices and Expressive Means
Introduction
1. What is an Onomatopoeia?
2. What is an Alliteration?
3. What is an Euphony?
4. What is an Assonance?
5. What is Rhyme?
6. What isRhythm?
The stylistic approach to the utterance is not confined to its structure to its and sense. There is another thing to be taken into account which, in certain type of communication, f.i. in belles-letters, plays an important role. This is the way a word, a phrase or a sentence sounds. It is in combination with other words that a word may acquire a desired phonetic effect. Verier, a French scientist, a specialist in English versification maintains that the sound [u:] generally express sorrow or seriousness, [i:] produces the feeling of joy & so on.
Onomatopoeia is a combination of speech sounds which aims at imitating sounds produced in nature (wind, sea, thunder), by things (machine, or tools) by people (sighing laughter) & by animals.
There are 2 varieties of Onomatopoeia: direct & indirect.
Direct Onomatopoeia is contained in words that imitate natural sounds, as ding-dong, burr, bang, cuckoo. These words have different degrees if imitative quality. Some of them immediately bring to mind whatever it is that produces the sound. Others require the exercise of a certain amount of imagination to decipher it.
Onomatopoetic words can be used in a transferred meaning, as for instance, ding-dong, which represents the sound of bells rung continuously, may mean 1) noisy, 2) strenuously contested.
Literature
| 1. Galperin I. R. Stylistics. M., 1967 |
| 2. Kucharenko Seminars in style. V. A. 1986 |
| 3. Kucharenko V. A. A Book of Practice in Stylistic M., 1986 |
| 4. Znamenskaya T. A., Stylistics. M.,2004 |
| 5. Арнольд И. В. Стилистика современного английского языка. Л., 1981 |
| 6. Кожина М. Н.Основания функциональной стилистики. Пермь, 1968 |
| 7. Кузнецов М. Д., Скребнев Ю. М.Стилистика английского языка, M. 1998 |
| 1. Будагов Р. А. Литературные языки и языковые стили. М., 1987 2. Скребнев Ю.М. Основы стилистики английского языкаю М., 2003 3. Кузьмин С.С. Идиоматический перевод с русского языка на английский. М., 2007 |
Workshop # 4
Lexical Stylistic Devices (SD) –
Figures of Replacement (Tropes)
Figures of Quality
1. Metaphors (genuine and trite metaphors)
2. Metonymy
3. Irony
Problemquestions:
1. What is a metaphor? What are its semantic, morphological, structural, functional peculiarities?
2. What is a metonymy? Give a detailed description of the device.
3. What is included into a group of SDs known as “play on words”? Which ones of them are the most frequently used? What levels of language hierarchy are involved into their formation?
4. What is irony? Speak on its function in the sentence.
5. What meanings of a word participate in the violation of a phraseological unit?
6. What is the basic effect achieved by the play on words?
7. Find examples of each of the discussed stylistic devices in your home reading.
8. Try and find peculiarities in thunce individual use of various SDs by different authors known to you from your courses of literature, interpretation of the text, home reading.
Pragmoprofessional tasks:
Analyse the given cases of metaphor from all sides mentioned above-semantics, originality, expressiveness, syntactic function, vividness and elaboration of the created image. Pay attention to the manner in which two objects (actions) are identified: with both named or only one—the metaphorized one— presentedexplicitly:
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1. She looked down on Gopher Prairie. The snow stretching without break from street to devouring prairie beyond, wiped out the town’s pretence of being a shelter. The houses were black specks on a white sheet. (S. L.)
2. And the skirts! What a sight were those skirts! They were nothing but vast decorated pyramids; on the summit of each was stuck the upper half of a princess. (A.B.)
3. 1 was staring directly in front of me, at the back of the driver’s neck, which was a relief map of boil scars. (S.)
4. She was handsome in a rather leonine way. Where this girl was a lioness, the other was a panther-lithe and quick. (Ch.)
5. His voice was a dagger of corroded brass. (S.L.)
6. Wisdom has reference only to the past. The future remains for ever an infinite Field for mistakes. Youcan’tknowbeforehand. (D. H. L.)
7. He felt the first watery eggs of sweat moistening the palms of his hands. (W.S.)
8. At the last moment before the windy collapse of the day,
9. I myself took the road down. (Jn.H.)
10. The man stood there in the middle of the street with the deserted dawnlit boulevard telescoping out behind him. (T.H.)
Literature
| 1. Galperin I. R. Stylistics. M., 1967 |
| 2. Kucharenko Seminars in style. V. A. 1986 |
| 3. Kucharenko V. A. A Book of Practice in Stylistic M., 1986 |
| 4. Znamenskaya T. A., Stylistics. M.,2004 |
Workshop # 5
Lexical Stylistic Devices (SD) –
Figures of Quantity
1. Hyperbole
2. Meiosis (understatement)
Problemquestions:
1. What meaning is foregrounded in a hyperbole?
2. What types of hyperbole can you name?
3. What makes a hyperbole trite and where are trite hyperboles predominantly used?
4. What is understatement? In what way does it differ from hyperbole?
5. Recollect cases of vivid original hyperboles or understatements from your Russian or English reading.
Pragmo-professional tasks:
In the following examples concentrate on cases of hyperbole and understatement. Pay attention to their originality or staleness, to other SDs promoting their effect, to exact words, containing the foregrounded emotive meaning:
1. I was scared to death when he entered the room. (S.)
2. The girls were dressed to kill. (J. Br.)
3. Newspapers are the organs of individual men who have jockeyed themselves to be party leaders, in countries where a new party is born every hour over a glass of beer in the nearest cafe. (J. R.)
4. I was violently sympathetic, as usual. (Jn. B.)
5. Four loudspeakers attached to the flagpole emitted a shattering roar of what Benjamin could hardly call music, as if it were played by a collection of brass bands, a few hundred fire engines, a thousand blacksmiths’ hammers and the amplified reproduction of a force-twelve wind. (A. S.)
6. The car which picked me up on that particular guilty evening was a Cadillac limousine about seventy-three blocks long. (J- B.)
7. Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old. (Sc. F.)
8. He didn’t appear like the same man; then he was all milk and honey-now he was all starch and vinegar. (D.)
Workshop # 6
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