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Упражнение 9. Переведите на русский язык.
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МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ И ЭКВИВАЛЕНТЫ
I. ОБОЗНАЧАЮТ не действие или состояние, а способность, вероятность, возможность или необходимость совершения действия, выраженного смысловым глаголом
Сравните:
Ann speaks English. Аня говорит по-английски. Глагол "speaks" выражает, действие, совершаемое Анной. Ann can speak English. - Аня может говорить по-английски.
Ann must speak English. - Аня должна говорить по-английски.
II. ФОРМЫ
| Настоящее | Прошедшее | Будущее | |||
| must have to has to am is to are | должен приходится в силу обстоятельств предстоит договоренность, план, расписание | had to was to were to | пришлось предстояло договорились должен был | shall have to will have to см. форму настоящего времени | придется предстоит |
| can am is able to are | могу, умею (вообще) могу (в данный момент) | could was able to were able to | мог смог смогли | shall be able to will be able to | сможет смогут |
| may am is allowed to are | могу, можно (разрешение осуществить действие) разрешено | might (в косвенной речи) was allowed to were allowed to | мог (вероятность) разрешили разрешили | shall be allowed to will be allowed to | разрешат |
III. ПОРЯДОК СЛОВ В ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ.
1. Для PRESENT must – can – may - should- need
PAST could - might
| + | - | ? | |
| PRESENT | I must do it. | I must not do it. | Must I do it? |
| PAST | I could do it. | I could not do it. | Could I do it? |
2. Для to be able to - to be allowed to – to be to –ought to
| + | - | ? | |
| PRESENT | I am able to do it. | I am not able to do it. | Am I able to do it? |
| PAST | I was able to do it. | I was not able to do it. | Was I able to do it? |
| FUTURE | I shall beable to do it. | I shall not beable to do it. | Shall I beable to do it? |
2. Для have to
| + | - | ? | |
| PRESENT | I have to do it. | I do not have to do it. | Do I have to do it? |
| PAST | I had to do it. | I did not have to do it. | Did I have to do it.? |
| FUTURE | I shall have to do it. | I shall not have to do it. | Shall I have to do it? |
Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык.
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| 1. You must work hard at your English. | |
| 2. You must learn the words. | |
| 3. Must we learn the poem today? | |
| 4. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese. | |
| 5. You must not talk at the lessons. | |
| 6. Everybody must come to school in time. | |
| 7. You must not make notes in the books. | |
| 8. I must help my mother today. |
Упражнение 2. Составьте вопросы с have to.
| 1. I had to go to hospital last week. 2. I have to get up early tomorrow. 3. Ann has to go somewhere now. 4. George had to pay a parking fine yesterday. 5. I had to wait a long time for the bus. 6. I have I to phone my sister now. 7. Paul has to leave soon. |
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Упражнение 3. Закончите предложения используя: don't / doesn't / didn't have to + один из этих глаголов
do get up go go pay shave wait work
1. I'm not working tomorrow, so I..don't have to get up... early.
2. The car park is free - you…….…………………………………………….…to park your car there.
3. I went to the bank this morning. There was no queue, so I.……………………………………….
4. Sally is extremely rich. She…….…………………………………………….………………………….
5. We've got plenty of time. We…….…………………………………………….……………………yet.
6. Jack has got a beard, so he…….………………………………….………………………………………
7. I'm not particularly busy. I've got a few things to do but I…………………………..them now.
8. A man was slightly injured in the accident but he…….……………………………….to hospital.
Упражнение 4. Переведите на русский язык.
| 1. I was to wait for her at the railway station. | |
| 2. We were to go to the cinema that afternoon. | |
| 3. We were to get there before the others. | |
| 4. He was to tell her where to find us. | |
| 5. She was to graduate that year. | |
| 6. She was to wear that dress at the graduation party. | |
| 7. He is to come here at five o'clock. | |
| 8. The train was to leave at 5 am |
Упражнение 5. Вставьте модальные глаголы to have to (в силу обстоятельств) или to be to (план-договоренность).
1. Where... the lecture to take place? — I suppose in the assembly hall.
2. So, our plan is as follows: I... to go to the library and bring the books. You... to look through all the material here. Later we... to work together.
3. "You... to do it alone, without anybody's help," she said sternly.
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4. I... to help my friends with this work now, so I cannot go with you.
5. It was raining hard and we... to wait until it stopped raining.
6. I... to ask him about it tomorrow, as today he has already gone.
7. Why didn't you tell me that I... to buy the books?
8. According to the order of the schoolmistress all the pupils... to return the library books before the twenty-third of May.
Упражнение 6. Дополните предложения при используя can / can't / could / couldn't + один из этих глаголов: come eat hear run sleep wait
1 I'm afraid I.. can’t come.... to your party next week.
2 When Tim was 16, he was a fast runner. He………………………..…….. 100 metres in 11 seconds.
3 Are you in a hurry? No, I've got plenty of time. I………………………………………………….
4 I was feeling sick yesterday. I.......... ……………………………………………………...... anything.
5 Can you speak up a bit? I……………………………..…….. ……………………….you very well.
6 'You look tired.' 'Yes, I……………………………..……..…………………..…….. last night.
Упражнение 7. Ответьте на вопросы, используя was/were able to.
1 A: Did everybody escape from the fire?
B: Yes, although the fire spread quickly, everybody was able to escape.
2 A: Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house?
B: Not really. Ann had given us good directions and we.......................................................
3 A: Did you finish your work this afternoon?
B: Yes, there was nobody to disturb me, so................... ……………………………………
4 A: Did the thief get away?
B: Yes. No one realized what was happening and the thief...................................................
Упражнение 8. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя выражение to be able to.
| 1. Она не сможет вовремя добраться до аэропорта. | |
| 2. Ты сможешь отправить ему электронную почту сегодня вечером? | |
| 3. Они какое-то время не смогут смотреть телевизор, с ним что-то случилось. | |
| 4. Боюсь, что он не сможет помочь мне переехать в новый дом на следующей неделе. |
Упражнение 9. Переведите на русский язык.
| 1.May I invite Nick to our house? | |
| 2.You may go now. | |
| 3.If you have done your homework, you may go for a walk. | |
| 4.Don't go to the wood alone: you may lose your way. |
Упражнение 10. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя выражение to be allowed to.
| 1. Курить воспрещается. | |
| 2. Ему не позволили курить у них в доме. | |
| 3. В Англии вам разрешат водить машину, если вам 17 лет | |
| 4. В США вам разрешают продолжать ездить на машине даже в возрасте 90 лет |
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