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Министерство транспорта Российской Федерации
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Am/is/are writing was/were writing will be writing (процесс)
PERFECT (СОВЕРШЕННОЕ)
Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect Действие началось до опреде-
настоящее прошедшее будущее лённого момента и закончилось
совершенное совершенное совершенное или закончится, т. е. своим
has/have written had written will have written результатом связано с данным
моментом.
ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ВРЕМЕНИ ГЛАГОЛА
PRESENT PAST FUTURE
Indefinite (Simple) Tenses
...today,... every day....yesterday, last week.... tomorrow, next week,
every week, every year, last month, last year, in 1989 next Monday, in future, in 1998
regularly, seldom, usually, two weeks ago, a moment ago in an hour, in a moment,
sometimes, at 7 o’clock 2,3... days ago in 2,3... days
Perfect Tenses
just, yet, already, since... by... o’clock,... by this time... by the end of the year
ever, never, recently, lately when, before, after.... by tomorrow
Continuous (Progressive) Tenses
... now, at this moment,... from 9 till 11... in the evening, at 8 tomorrow
... nowadays, is just now... when I came in... will still be doing smth.
Задание 3. См. Т.Ю. Полякова «Английский язык для диалога с компьютером» М., «Высшая
школа», 2006г.
Задание 4. Предлоги играют важную роль в согласовании членов английского предложения.
В отличии от русского языка в английском языке только два падежа, и поэтому для
конструирования английского предложения используются предлоги
---- ПАДЕЖНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОГИ
ПАДЕЖ ВОПРОС ПРИМЕР ПЕРЕВОД
Родительный Кого? Чего? end of input file окончание входного файла
Дательный Кому? Чему? Give the book to me. Дай мне книгу.
а рresent for you подарок для тебя
Творительный Кем? Чем? This letter was written by him Это письмо написано им.
It was written with a pen. Oно написано ручкой.
Предложный О ком? О чём? Tell me about your sister Расскажи мне о своей сестре.
Предлоги, с которыми сочетаются английские глаголы, обычно не совпадают с предлогами, с которыми сочетаются соответствующие глаголы в русском языке. Употребление того или иного предлога часто определяется не тем словом, которое следует за предлогом, а предшествующим словом (глаголом, а иногда и существительным или прилагательным) Сочетаясь с различными предлогами, глаголы могут менять своё значение в зависимости от предлога:
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to look at - смотреть на...
to look after - присматривать за...
to look for- искать
to look over- просматривать
to look to- рассчитывать на...
to look up - искать в словаре
Look out! Осторожно!
ПРЕДЛОГИ И ВРЕМЯ
1. Когда мы говорим, в каком часу что-то произойдёт, следует употреблять предлог AT (not IN)
We met at Easter at 12 o’clock. – Мы встретились на Пасху в 12 часов.
At the week-end at midnight he went away. – В выходные в полночь он ушёл.
2. Когда речь идёт о днях, ставится предлог ON - on Monday, on the 1st of April, on weekdays,
on New Year’s day, on a cold day.
3. К году, месяцу и времени года полагается ставить предлог IN: in summer, in May, in 1975.
Но: если этот предлог стоит перед названием конкретного промежутка времени, то он переводится как «через»: in an hour – через час; in two weeks – через две недели.
4. Когда перед словами, обозначающими нечто календарное (неделя, месяц, зима, среда) стоят слова: next, last, this, every никаких предлогов ставить не нужно. Last Sunday, next year, this spring
5. Период времени показывают предлоги: from.... to --- с.... до
until (till) --- до + конец периода
since ---- c + начало периода
for ----- в течение
before ------ перед
after ---- после
during ----- во время (перед существительными)
while ---- во время (перед придаточными предл.)
for ------ в течение
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 1.
Задание 1. Спишите текст и письменно переведите его на русский язык.
The first person who comes aboard the ship in a foreign port is a medical officer. He examines the crew for infection diseases, helps the captain to hospitalize the sick members of the crew and checks up the ship’s documents: the crew list, the list of passengers if any the latest Bill of Health and disinfection, deratization and vaccination certificate. Russian seamen fall ill rather seldom at sea because they undergo a complete check-up once a year.
It is the duty of the customs officer to search a foreign ship for not reported articles and goods and to place under seal the ship’s surplus stores. The customs officer usually examines the crew list, list of stores and provision, the latest port clearance and the cargo manifest. He also requests the captain to fill in the general declaration (vessel report) and to sign the ships stores and crew’s effect declarations. When the customs examination is over, he makes up a search note which the master is also to sign. The port authorities of a foreign port include not only medical and custom officers, but also immigration police officials. The immigration officer is responsible for checking up the crew and passengers if any.
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Задание 2. Выпишите из предложений первого задания сказуемые, определите время и залог глаголов.
Задание 3. Переведите на русский язык следующие технические термины: tabulation, subdirectory, character, during communication, for printer, with computer, warning, usage, destination, shift, byte, insert, achieve, promt, system, handle, graphic, portion, specification, keyboard, error massage, parallel, capital lock, diskette.
Задание 4. Вместо точек вставьте предлоги, если необходимо, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
I am so sorry we were not here … May! There are not so many events … this month, but there’s a fishing boat race … next Sunday. …. Friday we are going riding. (Do you remember? I had some riding lessons … last summer.) I’d like to be here … October, when there’s a big tennis tournament. They have the tournament …. every October. Yesterday we went … a sport center … the morning. We started playing tennis … 10 o’clock, had lunch … 12 o’clock,... the afternoon we play basketball and swam …. the swimming-pool.. Then we went … a disco, and I got to bed only … midnight. We’re having a rest now but … this evening we’re going … a concert, which begins … 8.30.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 2.
Задание 1. Спишите текст и письменно переведите его на русский язык.
Nowadays Russian trawlers fish among foreign fishing ships in many areas of the world ocean. They sometimes communicate by radiotelephony to gain some useful information about fishery conditions in the fishing area or to consider gear conflict if any. Coast Guard cutters inspecting Russian ships within the 200-mile fishing zones also use a radiotelephone when they approach those ships with the inspection party on board. Communication with a pilot station: SHIP: Pilot station, this is Russian trawler “Pushkin” calling. Come in, please. Over.
PILOT: “Pushkin”, this is pilot station. Channel 16, please. Over.
SHIP: This is “Pushkin” on Channel 16. My destination is New Port. I need a pilot. Over.
PILOT: “Pushkin”, how far approximately are you from my station?
SHIP: I’m 15 miles south of “N” Lighthouse. I’m ready to take pilot.
PILOT: “Pushkin”, your message understood. The pilot boat is on the station. She is approaching your vessel. Please rig pilot ladder on port side. Over and out.
Задание 2. Выпишите из предложений первого задания сказуемые, определите время и залог глаголов.
Задание 3. Переведите на русский язык следующие технические термины: drive parameters, allocation, format, root directory, syntax, hardware, alternative, print screen, in computer, code, delete, version, signature, exit,
operating error, unrecoverable error, personal computer, escape.
Задание 4. Вместо точек вставьте предлоги, если необходимо, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
Last summer, … the end of July, I went … Nottingham to visit a friend who was … university there. I arrive … the afternoon and went …. bus … my friend’s house, which is … the suburbs of the town. My friend wasn’t … home, so I waited until she got back … 5 o’clock. … the evening we went … to have a drink … the oldest pub … England, which was build … 13-th century.
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-Is your birthday … April?- -Yes, it is … 7-th … April. I always visit my grandparents … spring. … this year I spent my birthday … them too.
I am going to leave … the country … Friday … 6.30 … the morning.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 3.
Задание 1. Спишите текст и письменно переведите его на русский язык.
The surface of the sea is rarely flat. Frequently the movement of the surface are sufficiently large to impart motion to a ship, and the motion will be of several kinds depending on the size, frequency and speed of the waves; on the shape and dimensions of the ship; and on the speed and angle of the ship’s track relative to the waves. Waves coming from ahead or astern cause the bow and stern to lift and fall alternatively, in the motion known as pitching. Similarly, waves coming from abeam cause one side of the ship, then the other, to rise and fall; this is called rolling. Generally
a ship’s motion contains components of pitch and roll simultaneously. Both this motions may cause the ship to head first one side of its course, and then to the other. This is called yawing.
When waves are sufficiently large, the whole vessel may be moved vertically up and down; this is called heave.
Large waves passing under the ship from on side impart a side-to-side motion known as sway. The movement of the whole ship ahead and astern is called surge. If the ship is under the way, surge will cause a speeding-up and slowing-down of her forward motion.
Задание 2. Выпишите из предложений первого задания сказуемые, определите время и залог глаголов.
Задание 3. Переведите на русский язык следующие технические термины: partition, before communication,
cursor, subdirectory, mouse, drive, number lock, with keyboard, during warning, errors on device, out of memory, remark, configuring system, overflow, conflict, debug, on default, software, specification, message.
Задание 4. Вместо точек вставьте предлоги, если необходимо, и переведите предложения на русский язык
Mr. Bell wanted to go somewhere warm and sunny … Easter. …. April 25-th he flew to Greece early … the morning
He arrived … Athens airport … 6 o’clock and drove to his friend’s village. He reached the village … 2 o’clock ….
the afternoon. … Sunday he ate a wonderful traditional lunch. … the evening he went out … his friend and met a lot … new people. They returned home … midnight and went … bed. He flew back … England … April 29-th.
I saw him … 1996 but I haven’t seen him …. them. I lived in Greece … 1995 … 1999. I moved … London … the beginning … this century.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 4.
Задание 1. Спишите текст и письменно переведите его на русский язык.
Navigation requires the use at different times of two different kinds of technique. For finding the way across the oceans, the techniques of deep- sea navigation using celestial observations are essential. Electronic navigational aids such as long-range direction-finding, or satellite station can also be used for this. But as long as he is in contact with the land or with outlying seamarks, the navigator must use the techniques of coastal navigation and pilotage. That is to say, he must manage his course by a mixture of observation and dead reckoning.
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The ship’s position in coastal waters is known, in broad terms from the time she leaves her birth until she takes her departure into the oceans. It depends on the frequency with which known object can be observed and on the accuracy of the technique used in making the observations.
The task of a helmsman is to steer the ship precisely according to the instructions of the officer of the watch. On passage, these instruction take the form of a course to be held. A good helmsman uses the least rudder deflection to maintain a steady course. He must learn quickly at the beginning of each trick whether the ship is carrying port or starboard helm.
Задание 2. Выпишите из текста задания 1 сказуемые, определите время и залог глаголов.
Задание 3. Переведите на русский язык следующие технические термины: disk error reading, startup error,
file or directory, hardware, screen, pause, control, device, keyboard and printer, second diskette in drive, baze,
no room for system on disk, MS-DOS – Microsoft-Disk Operating System.
Задание 4. Вместо точек вставьте предлоги, если необходимо, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
“Right! Your plane leaves … 14.00. You should check in 1,5 hours … departure time, so you need to be …the airport … 12.30. You can wait in the departure lounge … check-in-time … departure time.
You’ll probably wait there … about 13.50. Now, about getting … the airport. There’s an airport bus that leaves the terminal … 11.00. You could catch that. I know there’s always a lot … traffic going … the airport … the morning … about 8 … about 10.00. However, you’ll not be going … that period, so you’ll be OK.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 5.
Задание 1. Спишите текст и письменно переведите его на русский язык.
Civilization has its sunny and cloudy sides. The vessel traffic in the World Ocean is constantly growing; as a result the risk of marine pollution is greatly increasing. The pollution of the sea has reached a dangerous level and presents a serious threat to sea life and to the whole mankind. Marine pollution protection has become a global problem. We cannot stop progress but we can and must unite our efforts in protecting our planet.
That’s why in 1973 the International Conference adopted the Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil. According to it ships should be equipped with technical facilities that prevent the possibility of discharging waters containing oil or oil products into the sea. If a ship notices an oil slick the captain should immediately inform the authorities about it. No matter how that oil has spilled into the sea, the inspectors have to make up a violation report. In this case it is very important for the ship to prove that they haven’t discharged any oil product overboard. They must show that the bilge water passes through a separator, that it is registered in the Oil Record Book. The must also prove that they haven’t violated the International Convention and settle the matter with another ship in the vicinity.
Задание 2. Выпишите из предложений первого задания сказуемые, определите время и залог глаголов
Задание 3. Переведите следующие технические термины: memory, error-prone, disk error reading, error free, no subdirectory, configuring system, volume, segment, pipe, label, number, back space, display, time, key,
warning, no such file or directory, before program, for command, creation, exit.
Задание 4. Вставьте вместо точек предлоги (если необходимо) и переведите предложения.
Hightown Zoo opens … 9 o’clock … the morning. … Saturdays and Sundays it opens … 10.30. It’s a good idea to come early … summer because the Zoo gets very full. The best time to visit is … the afternoon because you can see the animals being fed. This Zoo first opened … 1903, but most … the building were built … the nineteenth century. People can visit Hightown Zoo … any time … summer or … winter. It’s only closed … Christmas and … 1st … January.
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-Where is the entrance … this Zoo? – It’s … the corner … the street. You must cross the street … the traffic lights and you’ll see it … the left.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 6.
Задание 1. Спишите текст и письменно переведите его на русский язык.
On board every ship there must be a sewage treatment plant. It operates continuously during the ship’s stay in a port and in areas closed to discharge of sewage. The ship must be equipped with a system to comminute and disinfect the sewage. All the sewage is collected in the sewage tank. It is allowed to discharge overboard waters from sewage system at full speed when the ship is more than 300 miles off the coast.
The crewmen should also be informed of the Regulation according to which the disposal of all kinds of plastics into the sea is prohibited.
Food wastes should be stored in special receptacles and in the port dry rubbish and garbage should be taken away by ash-boats.
Unfortunately, these days a threat to sea life is still growing. Fish may no longer be healthy food. Studies show that parts of the North Sea contain pesticides, oil and poisonous metals such as cadmium, some of which has found its way into the liver tissue of fish. This could affect products as cod liver oil.
Задание 2. Выпишите из предложений первого задания сказуемые, определите время и залог глаголов
Задание 3. Переведите следующие технические термины: hard disk, common error, startup error, access error, user, drive, not enough memory for allocation, to or from X drive, no room in root directory, all keys, with printer, allocation, promt, argument, sort, bad command or filename.
Задание 4. Вставьте вместо точек предлоги (если необходимо) и переведите предложения.
Last year … Easter I went … England … a short holiday. I arrived … London … Friday … 11 o’clock … the evening. I went … my hotel … taxi, which got me there … about an hour. I was so tired by then that I went straight … bed. When I woke up … the morning I remember that I had made an appointment to meet a friend …10.30. I thought I could never get ready … time, but in the end I had reached the café … 10.15. My friend arrived … time. … 1 o’clock we went … a restaurant … lunch and … the afternoon we went … the museum. It was situated … the ground floor … a big modern building. I had seen this building … a photograph before, so I recognized it … once. There was a beautiful park … the right … it.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 7.
Задание 1. Спишите текст и письменно переведите его на русский язык.
In order to carry its cargo from one port to another over great distances, a ship must operate continuously throughout the twenty-four hours, for many days succession, and its crew must be organized accordingly. Two factors are involved: first, the division of the day and night into suitable period of time, the second, the allocation of duties to each member of the crew.
Each officer has his special responsibilities. The Captain (more properly referred to as the Master) is in command of the ship and its crew. It is his responsibility to ensure the safe navigation of the vessel, the lives and safety of all on board, the care and delivery of the cargo. Under him the crew are divided into the deck, engine and catering departments, the Chief Officer (or First Mate), Chief Engineer and Chief Steward respectively being in charge of these different types of work.
The Chief Officer allocates duties to the crew in the deck department, who on one hand carry out routine activities such as rust-prevention and the maintenance of cargo gear and life-saving appliances, and on the other, watch keeping activities such as lookouts manning the wheel.
Задание 2. Выпишите из предложений первого задания сказуемые, определите время и залог глаголов.
Задание 3. Переведите следующие технические термины: allocation error in file, bad command or file name, out of system, home, break, cording error, outstanding error, programmer, to compute, creation, to design, operator, select, selection, path, pause, font, default file, prepare.
Задание 4. Вставьте вместо точек предлоги (если необходимо) и переведите предложения.
«Where have you been? We agreed to meet … 2.00. I’ve been waiting for you … hours! Well, not exactly hours, but … 2..35. Let me see - … 2.35 … now: that’s forty minutes. I’ve drunk three cups … coffee … that time and got very bored. Anyway, what’s your excuse? - “ My excuse? I’ve been waiting for you … thirty minutes in the street. We agreed to meet … the street corner, didn’t we? Anyway, … next week let’s meet … Tuesday. That’s easier for me, than Wednesday. See you … next Tuesday, then.” - “What? Are you going already? Aren’t you going to stay … a few minutes?” – “No, I can’t! I’ve got the dentist … this afternoon. I’ll have to wait … Tuesday for your news.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 8.
Задание 1. Спишите текст и письменно переведите его на русский язык.
As world trade has expanded, the volume of cargo carried by ships has also increased. At the same time, the transport industry has become more efficient. These developments have encouraged the construction of special-purpose ships.
Tankers, fruit ships, passenger liners and ships designed to carry refrigerated meat in bulk are examples of special-purpose ships handling one kind of cargo, for one set of trade routes. Such vessels have been familiar for many years. Equally, certain ships have been designed for specific duties, such as tugs, dredgers, cable-laying ships, ice-breakers, floating cranes, etc.
However, three new trends in specialized ship design have recently emerged. One is the cargo-carrier with cargo-handling equipment for special purposes or routes. An extreme example is the fishery factory ship; another is the heavy-lift cargo ship, with derricks capable of loading or discharging single lift up to 500 tons without requiring outside assistance.
Задание 2. Выпишите из предложений первого задания сказуемые, определите время и залог глаголов.
Задание 3. Переведите следующие технические термины: permissible error, disk error writing, creator, destination, syntax error, incorrect number of parameters, no room in root directory, software, DOS partition, keyboard system, memory allocation error, page down, enter.
Задание 4. Вставьте вместо точек предлоги (если необходимо) и переведите предложения.
It was 7 o’clock … a cold morning … January. She was still … bed. She usually stayed … bed … 9 o’clock … winter. Suddenly she was woken up … knocking at the door. She got … bed and went … the door. There was a man … the door-step. ”Hallo, Edna,” he said. “Can I come …?” She recognized him at once. She hadn’t seen him … thirty years, … summer of 1940 when she said goodbye … him … the night … his final departure. That was when he went off … war. She’d met him … age … sixteen and they had a wonderful time together … the start of the war. She was nineteen when the war broke out and they had been together … three years. They were going to get married … the war. He put his hand … his pocket and took out a small photograph. It was one she’d sent him just … his disappearance.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 9.
Задание 1. Спишите текст и письменно переведите его на русский язык.
Stern fishing vessels are being built all over the world ranging in size from small inshore fishing craft to large, freezer-factory ships. The design of the modern vessel incorporates a high soft-nosed stem, well flared bows, streamlined bridge and superstructure, a gantry and transom stern. A recently-built stern trawler is 73 m overall, 12,5 m molded breath, 8 m molded depth. The working deck of a large stern trawler would have an area of 418 sq m which is clear of all deck fittings, so that a full trawl may be spread out.
It is essential to have a clear view of the working deck from the bridge, and to facilitate this the stern gantry just forward of the ramp is so designed that it straddles the full breadth of the vessel. With the exception of the trawl boards the whole trawl is hauled up the ramp to the working deck. Safety doors are fitted at deck level, and are normally closed, but while fishing is in progress, these doors are bolted back into the recessed sides of the ramp. The stern fishing vessel described here must not be confused with the larger, stern fishing factory vessels which concentrate on filleting and freezing all fish in their various species, and picking them in cartons ready for supplying to the customers.
Задание 2. Выпишите из предложений первого задания сказуемые, определите время и залог.
Задание 3. Переведите следующие технические термины: destination disk, name of device, parallel printer, keyboard system file, non-system drive error, no subdirectories, current date, numbers of parameters, end, page up, file creation error, hardware, cursor.
Задание 4. Вставьте предлоги (если необходимо) и переведите предложения.
1. We waited … nine o’clock and then went home. 2. If you come … seven, we’ll catch the bus that leaves … 7.05. 3. Will you come and see me … Sunday? 4. She may stay here … a week or two. 5. … the holidays, we played tennis and did a lot of swimming. 5. I can’t remember when we left the cinema: I think it was … ten and half past ten. 6. She was ill … March to May. 7. You can see my house … the picture. It is … the left. 8. He was sitting … the back … the car when we crashed. 9. Shakespeare’s native town is … the river Avon. 10. The table is … the corner … room. The bookcase is … the right. There is a mirror …. front if it.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 10.
Задание 1. Спишите текст и письменно переведите его на русский язык.
The prevention of collisions at sea is a matter of concern to all nations. “International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea” were internationally accepted and came into force in 1965.
The Regulation define that vessels and what waters the rules apply to, and spell out the meaning of basic terms. They deal with lights, the shapes of visible distinguishing marks to be displayed by different categories of vessels. Since it is in thick weather that many collision and strandings take place, the latter rules are extremely important. The Regulation embody the steering and sailing rules to be followed when vessels are in sight of each other. These rules form the heart of what is known as “the Rules of the Road” for power-driven vessels.
It is necessary to memorize the crucial rules, and to understand their gist. For example, one rule requires that when two vessels are meeting end-on, each should alter course to starboard, so that each may pass on the port side of the other. Another rule states that when two power-driven vessels are crossing, so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other.
Задание 2. Выпишите из предложений первого задания сказуемые, определите время и залог.
Задание 3. Переведите следующие технические термины: сonnection error, drive parameters, help, unrecoverable error, allocation table, current directory, default file, read error in file “x”, path of parameters, volume label, archive, debug, enough space, such usage, such warning.
Задание 4. Вставьте предлоги (если необходимо) и переведите предложения.
1. Most of the time we spent … the kitchen … home. …Sunday we usually have dinner … 2 clock. We have been cooking it … 11 … 1.30. There are a lot …tasty things … the table … Christmas.
2. He goes … the University…. every day … the morning … winter. The lectures begin … half … eight, but he has to get up … 6.30, because he lives … the suburb. It took him … an hour to get … the university.
3. Last year when I was … holiday I received a telegram asking me to go home immediately. I traveled … plane and landed …London … midnight. After I left the airport, I waited for a bus … over half an hour. I decided to continue my journey … taxi. The driver didn’t know the way, so we stopped … the top … the hill and asked for directions. We arrived … the house early … the morning.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ТИТУЛЬНОГО ЛИСТА
Министерство транспорта Российской Федерации
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