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When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted?

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АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

В СФЕРЕ ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИИ

Учебное пособие

Владимир 2014

УДК 811.547

ББК 74.4+ 81.2 Англ-923

В 88

Рецензенты:

В. Т. Малыгин, доктор филологических наук

Н. Д. Якушева, кандидат педагогических наук

В 88	Вульфович, Е. В.; Фокина, С. П. Английский язык в сфере юриспруденции: учебное пособие / Е. В. Вульфович, С. П. Фокина; Владимирский филиал федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования "Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации" – Владимир, 2014. – 97 с. – Библиогр.: с. 77.
	ISBN 978-5-906051-81-3 УДК 811.11
	ББК 74.4+ 81.2
	Содержит комплекс интерактивных заданий для формирования профессиональной коммуникативной компетенции. Направлено на активизацию иноязычной профессионально ориентированной лексики в коммуникативных ситуациях. Предназначено для обучающихся по специальности «Юриспруденция».

ISBN 978-5-906051-81-3

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Пояснительная записка. 4

UNIT 1. LAW AND SOCIETY. 5

UNIT 2. Human Rights. 11

UNIT 3. THE STATE SYSTEM OF RUSSIA. 22

UNIT 4. THE COURT SYSTEM OF RUSSIA. 25

UNIT 5. THE STATE SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN. 40

UNIT 6. The State System of the USA. 44

UNit 7. Crime and Punishment. 47

UNIT 8. LEGAL EDUCATION IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD. 55

UNIT 9. My Future Profession. 60

UNIT 10. LAW ENFORCEMENT IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD. 69

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 77

VOCABULARY. 79

Пояснительная записка

Настоящее пособие содержит комплекс интерактивных заданий для формирования англоязычной профессиональной коммуникативной компетенции студентов юридического профиля.

Пособие направлено на активизацию профессиональной англоязычной лексики и развитие навыков профессионального общения с применением метода кейсов, ролевой игры, мозгового штурма, тематических дискуссий и проектов.

В пособие включено 10 тематических разделов по юридической проблематике, а также краткий терминологический словарь. Каждый из разделов подразумевает два этапа: подготовительный и основной.

Подготовительный этапвключает совместную работу педагога и учебной группы, в рамках которой обсуждаются цели, задачи занятия, выполняются тренировочные лексико-грамматические упражнения, необходимые для активизации новой лексики в моделируемых коммуникативных ситуациях в ходе основного этапа. Лексико-грамматические упражнения состоят из заданий на множественный выбор, восстановление в тексте пропущенных слов, комбинирование, установление соответствий приведенных утверждений прочитанному или прослушанному, трансформацию и перевод.

Основной этап предполагает объединение обучающихся в творческие группы для реализации поставленной коммуникативной задачи.

Материалы пособия могут быть использованы как в ходе аудиторных занятий, так и для самостоятельной работы студентов с целью развития навыков профессиональной коммуникации.

UNIT 1. LAW AND SOCIETY

VOCABULARY

Exercise 1. Read the following words and expressions. Translate them into Russian.

A. law, legal, civil law, criminal law, public law, constitutional law, financial law, employment law, contract law, common law, inheritance law.

B. to observe law, to violate law, to enforce law, to keep within law, to apply law, to amend law.

Exercise 2. Match the word combinations with their Russian equivalents.

1. 1. to create law 2. to violate law 3. to observe law 4. to apply law 5. to amend law 6. to enforce law

a) соблюдать закон b) приводить закон в жизнь c) вносить поправки в закон d) создавать закон e) применять закон f) нарушать закон

Exercise 3. Match the word combinations with their Russian equivalents.

1. environmental law 2. employment law 3. contract law 4. copyright law 5. housing law 6. common law 7. case law 8. inheritance law 9. executive law

a) исполнительное право b) прецедентное право c) жилищное право d) нормы по охране окружающей среды e) общее право f) авторское право g) наследственное право h) трудовое право j) договорное право

Exercise 4. Match the legal terms with their definitions.

Criminal law regulates International law regulates Financial law deals with Property law governs Intellectual property law aims at Constitutional law concerns Family law covers

1. social structure, organization of state power and the legal status of citizens. Its principal source is the country’s Constitution. 2. the budget, taxation, state credits, and other spheres of financial activity. 3. the relations between the state and individual people and bodies. It defines the general principles of criminal responsibility, individual types of crimes and punishment applied to criminals. 4. disputes between citizens and the state, or between one state and another. 5. ownership and possession. 6. safeguarding creators and other producers of intellectual goods and services. 7. marriage and divorce proceedings, the rights of children and rights to property and money in the event of separation.

Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps with the words and word combinations from the box.

1. custom and precedents 2. advice 3. codes 4. legislators 5. changed

Systems of common law and civil law also differ in how law is created and how it can be 1_____. Common law is derived from 2_____. In the common law system, the precedent is itself law. Therefore, the judges who decide which party will prevail in any given trial are also the creators of common law. Civil law, on the other hand, is made by 3_____ who try to supplement and memorize the 4_____, usually with the 5_____ of legal scholars.

READING

Exercise 6. Read and translate the text.

What is Law?

Law is, generally, a system of rules which are enforced through social institutions to govern behaviour. Laws can be made by legislatures through legislation (resulting in statutes), the executive through decrees and regulations, or judges through binding precedents (normally in common law jurisdictions). Private individuals can create legally binding contracts, including (in some jurisdictions) arbitration agreements that may elect to accept alternative arbitration to the normal court process. The formation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution (written or unwritten) and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, and society in various ways and serves as a regulator of relations between people.

The adjudication of the law is generally divided into two main areas referred to as criminal law and civil law. Criminal law deals with conduct that is considered harmful to social order and in which the guilty party may be imprisoned or fined. Civil law deals with the resolution of lawsuits (disputes) between individuals or organisations.

There are many different branches of law including corporate law, property and taxation law through to media, environmental health and international law. All types of law have far-reaching effects and help to shape politics, economics and society in numerous ways. Law serves a variety of functions. Laws limiting the powers of government help to provide some degree of freedom that would not otherwise be possible. Laws regulate social relations in the society.

Law provides a rich source of scholarly inquiry into legal history, philosophy, economic analysis and sociology. Law also raises important and complex issues concerning equality, fairness, and justice. There is an old saying that “all are equal before the law”.

Exercise 7. Answer the questions:

1. What is law?

2. Who makes law in modern society?

3. What is the highest legislative body in Russia?

4. What are the sources of law?

5. What are the functions of law?

6. What fields of law do you know? Which of them do you specialize in?

SPEAKING

Exercise 8. Comment on the following quotations.

“It is forbidden to kill; therefore all murderers are punished unless they kill in large numbers and to the sound of trumpets.” ― Voltaire

“The Law is hard, but it is the Law.” ― Cassandra Clare

“If you have ten thousand regulations you destroy all respect for the law.” ― Winston S. Churchill

“The more corrupt the state, the more numerous the laws.” ― Tacitus, The Annals of Imperial Rome

Exercise 9. Discuss the following questions.

1. What does the term “common law” mean?

2. In what countries does common law system prevail?

3. What is a president?

4. What branches of law do you know?

5. What is the difference between civil and criminal law?

6. Do you think that the Russian Federation is a jural state?

7. What rights and liberties are guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation?

8. Are there any laws or regulations in Russia that you consi-der wrong or unfair?

9. Why do people violate laws? What are the main reasons?

10. Why are new laws needed?

UNIT 2. Human Rights

VOCABULARY

Exercise 1. What human rights have you got? Why are they important? Where are they written? Brainstorm human rights vocabulary.

Exercise 2. Each student can pick one of 30 articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, read and translate it out loud.

1. When children are born, they are free and each should be treated in the same way. They have reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a friendly manner.

2.Everyone can claim the following rights, despite - a different sex - a different skin colour - speaking a different language - thinking different things - believing in another religion - owning more or less - being born in another social group - coming from another country It also makes no difference whether the country you live in is independent or not.

3. You have the right to live, and to live in freedom and safety.

4. Nobody has the right to treat you as his or her slave and you should not make anyone your slave.

5. Nobody has the right to torture you.

6. You should be legally protected in the same way everywhere, and like everyone else.

7. The law is the same for everyone; it should be applied in the same way to all.

8. You should be able to ask for legal help when the rights your country grants you are not respected

9. Nobody has the right to put you in prison, to keep you there, or to send you away from your country unjustly, or without good reason.

10. If you go on trial this should be done in public. The people who try you should not let themselves be influenced by others.

11. You should be considered innocent until it can be proved that you are guilty. If you are accused of a crime, you should always have the right to defend yourself. Nobody has the right to condemn you and punish you for something you have not done.

12. You have the right to ask to be protected if someone tries to harm your good name, enter your house, open your letters, or bother you or your family without a good reason.

13. You have the right to come and go as you wish within your country. You have the right to leave your country to go to another one; and you should be able to return to your country if you want.

14. If someone hurts you, you have the right to go to another country and ask it to protect you. You lose this right if you have killed someone and if you, yourself, do not respect what is written here.

15. You have the right to belong to a country and nobody can prevent you, without a good reason, from belonging to a country if you wish.

16. As soon as a person is legally entitled, he or she has the right to marry and have a family. In doing this, neither the colour of your skin, the country you come from nor your religion should be impediments. Men and women have the same rights when they are married and also when they are separated. Nobody should force a person to marry. The government of your country should protect you and the members of your family.

17. You have the right to own things and nobody has the right to take these from you without a good reason.

18. You have the right to profess your religion freely, to change it, and to practise it either on your own or with other people.

19. You have the right to think what you want, to say what you like, and nobody should forbid you from doing so. You should be able to share your ideas also—with people from any other country.

20. You have the right to organize peaceful meetings or to take part in meetings in a peaceful way. It is wrong to force someone to belong to a group.

21. You have the right to take part in your country's political affairs either by belonging to the government yourself or by choosing politicians who have the same ideas as you. Governments should be voted for regularly and voting should be secret. You should get a vote and all votes should be equal. You also have the same right to join the public service as anyone else.

22. The society in which you live should help you to develop and to make the most of all the advantages (culture, work, social welfare) which are offered to you and to all the men and women in your country

23. You have the right to work, to be free to choose your work, to get a salary which allows you to support your family. If a man and a woman do the same work, they should get the same pay. All people who work have the right to join together to defend their interests.

24. Each work day should not be too long, since everyone has the right to rest and should be able to take regular paid holidays.

25. You have the right to have whatever you need so that you and your family: do not fall ill or go hungry; have clothes and a house; and are helped if you are out of work, if you are ill, if you are old, if your wife or husband is dead, or if you do not earn a living for any other reason you cannot help. Mothers and their children are entitled to special care. All children have the same rights to be protected, whether or not their mother was married when they were born.

26. You have the right to go to school and everyone should go to school. Primary schooling should be free. You should be able to learn a profession or continue your studies as far as you wish. At school, you should be able to develop all your talents and you should be taught to get on with others, whatever their race, religion or the country they come from. Your parents have the right to choose how and what you will be taught at school.

27. You have the right to share in your community's arts and sciences, and any good they do. Your works as an artist, writer, or a scientist should be protected, and you should be able to benefit from them.

28. So that your rights will be respected, there must be an “order” which can protect them. This “order” should be local and worldwide.

29. You have duties towards the community within which your personality can only fully develop. The law should guarantee human rights. It should allow everyone to respect others and to be respected.

30. In all parts of the world, no society, no human being, should take it upon her or himself to act in such a way as to destroy the rights which you have just been reading about.

Exercise 3. Study this poster,read and translate the word combinations. Do it in turn.

Exercise 4. Read the stories below, watch the videos about human rights violations and define what rights have been violated.

The right to freedom of speech was violated.

1. Palestinian prisoners continue to endure torture in Israeli jails. Currently there are nearly 5000 Palestinian political prisoners and many of them are subjected to systematic torture. At least 200 Palestinian prisoners have died so far in Israeli custody due to torture and medical negligence.	the right to be protected against slavery the right to be protected against unfair detainment the right to privacy the right to freedom of speech the right to copyright the right to public assembly the right to be protected against torture the right to be protected against discrimination the right to healthcare
2. A man was reading the Bible in public and was arrested by the police. He was charged with impeding an open business.
3.Kamlesh, the Dalit girl, suffered 80 % burns to her body. She was pushed into fire by an upper caste man when she was passing by his house.
4. A Malaysian woman, 69, an Irish woman, 57, and a British woman, 30, were rescued from a south London house. They were held as slaves for about 30 years. The three women told the police they had been beaten by the couple suspected of keeping them as slaves.
5. Mary Surratt was convicted as a co-conspirator with Lincoln’s killer John Wilkes Booth. Her crime was being the owner of a boarding house where John Wilkes Booth rented a room. Sentenced to death, she was hanged, becoming the first woman executed by the United States federal government.
6. Samantha Negrete, 14, said she was called into the school administrator's office and was asked to log into her Facebook account so they could see a picture her friend had posted.
7. University officials placed their fellow professor on leave because of his post on Twitter aimed at September. 16 shootings at the Navy Yard in Washington, D. C., that left 13 dead.
8. Four Danish mayors made a parody version of "Gangnam Style" where they talk about the economic difficulties faced by entrepreneurs in their cities. The record label demanded 32 000 euros for their parody video.
9. Outside the Ministry of Foreign Affairs the activists in Beijing demanded the right to receive information.The police detained them and sent to prison threatening them.
10. Vietnamese authorities forced at least 75 000 drug addicts and prostitutes into 71 overpopulated “rehab” camps, labeling the detainees at “high risk” of contracting HIV/AIDS but providing no treatment and forcing them to work.

Exercise 5. Watch the video about the history of human rights and discuss:

What is a declaration? What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? Who wrote it? Who signed it? Where did they sign it? Where is it kept?

Exercise 6. Test your knowledge on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.