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Find the English equivalents to the following expressions.
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Хранить (запоминать) числа; обрабатывать символы; включать; выключать; обработка информации; информация в виде команд; символы, называемые данными; выполнять математические операции; выдавать результаты; обеспечивать необходимую информацию; иметь замечательные возможности; основные свойства; сложение, вычитание; деление, умножение; возведение в степень; средства для общения с пользователем; устройство ввода; дисковод; считывать информацию; вывод информации; катоднолучевая трубка; принимать решения; выполнять тысячи логических операций; без устали; находить решение задачи; значительно меньший промежуток времени; человек; нудная рутинная работа; в соответствии с введенной программой; вырабатывать свои суждения; возможности ограничены программой, заложенной в него человеком; дать требуемую информацию; электрические импульсы; со скоростью света; мгновенно производить огромное количество математических операций; человеку может не хватить всей жизни, чтобы закончить работу.
Put together the word groups closed to their meaning from the list below.
Example: A. to perform, to exercise, to carry out; B. a man, a person, a human being;
Verbs: to turn on, to provide, to type, to accept, to help, to learn, to observe, to call, to tell, to keep, to feed, to solve, to relate, to switch off, to communicate, to receive, to supply, to switch on, to assist, to print, do study, to input, to turn off, to decide, to store, to say, to name, to watch.
Nouns: work, machine, fundamentals, display, application, capabilities, job, storage, screen, state, basics, ` use, concept, specialst, journal, character, memory, idea, expert, magazine, position, symbol, command, data, solution, device, instruction, powers, information, decision.
Adjectives: basic, tiny, common, small, main, significant, routine, general, remarkable, uninterested, intricate, important, wonderful, complex, bide.
Adverbs: rapidly, probably, instantaneously, in a moment, quickly, perhaps.
Choose the suitable variant of the main idea of the text.
a) Computers are devices that accept information in the form of instructions.
b) The switches are usualy in one of two states: magnetized or demagnetized.
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c) Computers are remarkable devices serving for processing and storage the information and for solving problems.
Match each word with the correct definition.
1. Computer а) а machine by which information is received from the computer;
2. Data b) а device capable-of storing and manipulating numbers, letters and characters;
3. Input device с) an electronic machine that processes data under the control of а stored program;
4. Memory d) а disk drive reading the information into the computer;
5. Output device е) information given in the form of characters.
Mordovia State University
Mordovia State University was formed on 2nd of October 1957 on the base of Mordovia Pedagogical Institute dating back to 1931. In 1970 it was named after an outstanding Russian poet N.P. Ogarev.
Now it is one of the largest institutions of higher education in the region. In 2010 the University acquired the status of the National Research University. It is headed by the Rector S. M. Vdovin.
The University includes 10 faculties: Biotechnology and Biology, Geography, Mathematics and Information Technologies, Architecture and Civil engineering, Philology, Law, Economics, Foreign languages, the faculty of Pre-University training and the faculty of Professional Development; 7 Academic Institutes such as the Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Institute of National and Folk Culture, History and Sociology Institute, Institute of Medicine, Institute of Agriculture, Mechanics and Power Engineering Institute, Institute of Electronics and Lighting engineering.
Prospective students can choose from a variety of 133 available tracks of undergraduate and graduate study and concentration areas within full-time, part-time and evening programmes.
The University has a student population composed of over 13.000 full timers, 8.000 part timers and 240 evening students. There are also over 300 international students.
Full time curriculum covers either 4 or 5-year periods of study depending on degree programme; evening and part-time education requires 6 years. Medical Institute offers 6 and 7-year programmes of study respectively.
The University provides Diploma of Higher Education (5-year study programme), Bachelor’s degree programme and Master’s degree programme. The basic forms of the University teaching process are lectures, seminars, professional practice and self-work.
The learning and teaching methods focus on direct contact with students through lectures, workshops and practical classes. Throughout their course students are expected to complete theoretical and practical tasks and assignments and to undertake tests and final examinations at the end of each semester.
I study at the Faculty of Mathematics and Information Technologies. There are 5 departments at the Faculty that provide training for students. The Faculty has a lot of laboratories with modern equipment. It cooperates with scientific research centre "Technopark" of the Republic of Mordovia in students’ practical training.
Sophia Kovalevskaya
The outstanding Russian mathematician Sophia Kovalevskaya was born inMoscow on February 15, 1850, in a well-off family of an artillery general, Korvin-Krukovsky.
When Sophia was eight an experienced teacher was invited to instruct her in arithmetic, grammar, literature, geography and history. Though she liked literature so much the girl showed an unusual gift in mathematics and at the age of 12 puzzled her teacher by suggesting a new solution for the determination of the ratio of the diameter of the circle to its circumference.
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In 1867 Sophia and her elder sister were taken to St. Petersburg. There Sophia was allowed to go on with her studies privately. To attend lectures at the University a woman had obtained a special permission and even then by no means would she be allowed to take examinations to say nothing of taking a degree.
This state of things remained unaltered despite the efforts of many scientists who voiced an urgent demand that woman should be granted the right to education. The only way out for her was to go abroad, as some other Russian women did. But in this case there was a condition that the woman should be married. This made her marry Vladimir Kovalevsky, with whom she soon left for Vienna. There the Kovalevskys were given permission to attend lectures on physics at theVienna University, but this did not satisfy Sophia. She made up her mind to go to the Heidelberg University to study under such scholars as Helmholz and Bunzen, as her intention was to take examinations for a Doctor’s Degree in mathematics and mechanics.
During the four years spent in Berlin, Sophia succeeded not only in covering the university course of mathematics but also in writing three dissertations. In 1874 the University of Gottingen granted her a degree of Doctor of Philosophy in absentees excusing her from the oral examinations in consideration of the three dissertations sent in, one of which, on the theory of partial differential equations, was one of her most remarkable works.
When the Kovalevskays returned to Russia they planned to live and work in St. Petersburg, but despite the efforts of Mendeleyev, Butlerov and Chebyshev, Sophia Kovalevskaya, a great scientist, could not find a position there and was obliged to turn to journalism.
In 1878 Sophia gave birth to a daughter and as her husband was promised a lectureship at the Moscow University, she decided to take her Magister’s Degree there. Great was her disappointment when she learned that her application had not been accepted, though her personal experience should have suggested her that there was no use in trying to get a degree in Russia. Again she went to Berlin to complete her work on the refraction of light in crystals, but the news of her husband’s bankruptcy and suicide caused her to return home.
In 1888 she achieved the greatest of her successes winning the highest prize offered by the Paris Academy. The problem set was: "to perfect in one important point the theory of a movement of a solid body about an immovable point”. The solution obtained by her made a valuable addition to the results submitted by Euler and Lagrange.
In 1889 she was awarded another prize by the Swedish Academy of Science. Soon, in spite of her being the only woman-lecturer in Sweden, she was elected professor of mechanics and held the post until her death.
Unfortunately Sophia Kovalevskaya did not live to reap the full reward of her labour, for she died on February 10, 1891, at the age of 41, just as she had obtained the height of her fame and won recognition even in her own country by election to membership of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
Hobbies
Hobbies differ like tastes. If you have chosen a hobby according to your character and taste you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting.
Hobbies are divided into four large classes: doing things, making things, collecting things, and learning things. The most popular of all hobby groups is doing things. It includes a wide variety of activities, everything from gardening to travelling and from chess to volleyball.
Gardening is one of the oldest of man's hobbies. It's a well-known fact that the English are very fond of gardening and growing flowers, especially roses.
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Both grown-ups and children are fond of playing different computer games. This is a relatively new hobby but it's becoming more and more popular. Making things includes drawing, painting, making sculpture, designing costumes, handicrafts. Two of the most famous hobby painters were President Eisenhower and Sir Winston Churchill.
Some hobbyists write music or play musical instruments. Almost everyone collects something at some period in his life: stamps, coins, matchboxes, books, records, postcards, toys, watches. Some collections have no real value. Others become so large and so valuable that they are housed in museums and galleries. Many world-famous collections started in a small way with one or two items. People with a good deal of money often collect paintings, rare books and other art objects. Often such private collections are given to museums, libraries and public galleries so that others might take pleasure in seeing them.
No matter what kind of hobby a person has, he always has the opportunity of learning from it. By reading about the things he is interested in, he is adding to what he knows. Learning things can be the most exciting aspect of a hobby.
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