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Контрольная работа № 1
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Вариант № 1
/. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1.1. Animals and man can not live without plants, because the cycle of nature links them.
1.2. Man gets comfort and beauty from trees.
1.3. A Non - Black Soil Zone is in the central and northern regions of our country. It is Russia's heart.
1.4. In the Himalayas farmers grow fruit, rice and tea.
// Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
2.1. Ecosystem processes include energy flow, food chains, biochemical cycles, evolution, etc.
2.2. Timiryazev was a lecturer on plant physiology.
///. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, переведите их на русский язык.
3.1. The most important agricultural products of Britain are potatoes, milk and different kinds of meat.
3.2. The poorest vegetation is near the North Pole.
3.3. The more fertilizers we use, the better crops we get.
3.4. Crop plants have not always been as productive and useful as they are today.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределённых и отрицательных местоимений.
4.1. No natural resource on our planet has so many uses as water.
4.2. The life of any living organism depends on the physical environment in which it lives.
4.3. There is little snow in the fields now.
4.4 Plants grow in many deserts and polar regions.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
5.1. Palms do not grow in the north.
5.2. Man built the first combine in 1836.
5.3. The yields have considerably increased this year.
5.4. We will design a new machine for potato planting.
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VI. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык.
6.1. People must preserve natural resources.
6.2. We had to introduce many fertilizers to enrich the soil.
6.3. The students planted many trees in the park and are to plant still more.
6.4. You can start the experiment with the seeds of cabbage today.
VII. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Cereals
Cereals are crop plants belonging to the grass family. The cereal grains are wheat, rice, maize, rye, oats, sorghum and millet. They are the most important source of food and domestic animals. Cultivation of all the cereal grains except oats and rye began before the dawn of history. Wheat, barley and millet were cultivated in many parts of the Old World.
Long before the beginning of civilization the seed grains of wild grasses were gathered by primitive man and formed an important part of his food. Later, as man began to till the soil, cereal grasses were his first crops. The history of the cereals was the history of civilization.
Wheat and barley, oats and rye, all have been cultivated for so long that their original homes were forgotten. We know that the greatest number of varieties of a plant is found in its original home.
Abyssinia is the original home of barley. The original home of wheat lies in the great mountainous area of Persia and Afghanistan. Oats and rye travelled as weeds in the wheat crops.
Soil and climatic conditions are very important for growth, yield and quality of cereals. They are usually grown in the temperate climates.
Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:
1) What family do the cereals belong to?
2) What cereals do you know?
3) Where are the cereals used?
Vocabulary:
cereals- хлебные злаки, зерновые культуры
wheat- пшеница
rice- рис
rye-рожь
maize- кукуруза
barley- ячмень
oats- овёс
sorghum- сорго
millet- просо
seed grains- семена
primitive man- первобытный человек
yield- урожай
temperate- умеренный
variety- сорт
to till the soil- обрабатывать почву
weed- сорняк
original home- родина
Вариант № 2
/. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1.1. Grass, flowers and trees grow everywhere.
1.2. People breathe the oxygen which comes from plants.
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1.3. Our country's vegetation includes hundreds of species.
1.4. Entomologists study insects in order to eliminate or control insects harmful to plants.
//. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
2.1. Per capita water consumption increases annually.
2.2. You should take plant protection measures as soon as possible.
///. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, переведите их на русский язык.
3.1. January is the hottest month on the continent of Australia.
3.2. The better is the soil, the higher is the yield.
3.3. The work of soil scientists is as important as the work of forestry specialists.
3.4. The most effective method of controlling erosion is with grass and other thick- growing vegetation.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределённых и отрицательных местоимений.
4.1. There are some artificial seas in our country.
4.2. In that part of the country there was much moisture in the fields in spring.
4.3. Do you know anything about plants of the temperate zone?
4.4. I have no books on modern agriculture.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
5.1. They recommended to use manure to conserve the crop.
5.2. The farm has recently irrigated its fields.
5.3. The farmers use modern equipment for seedbed preparation.
5.4. The builders will have finished the construction of the irrigation canal by the end of the year.
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык.
6.1. The professor had to lecture on plant physiology.
6.2. Man can grow wheat, barley, oats and rye in this region.
6.3. Potatoes should be planted as early as possible.
6.4. You must prepare the report on maize cultivation.
VII. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Barley
Barley has been cultivated from time immemorial. Its original home is Abyssinia. Later barley was carried down the Nile to Egypt.
It is widely grown in all subtropical and temperate countries. Large areas are devoted to its cultivation in many parts of the British Isles. It is used for human food and is an important bread cereal in some parts of Europe. Barley is also used for malting. The straw is a by- product. Barley can be grown under almost any conditions of soil and climate. But all conditions do not give equally good barley for malting purposes. The yield may be spoiled by soil acidity. It grows well on a moderately deep seedbed. It should be prepared by harrowing and rolling.
Barley has a shorter period of growth than the other cereals. In a late season crops can be obtained from seed put in as late as May.
It is not always necessary to use any artificial fertilizers when growing barley. Sometimes it may be desirable to apply superphosphate and to balance it with an appropriate amount of potash.
Barley suffers from fungoid diseases, such as smut and leaf-stripe. Insect pests also damage it greatly.
Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы;
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1) What is the origin of barley?
2) What is it used for?
3) What diseases does barley suffer from?
Vocabulary:
original home- родина
bread cereal- хлебный злак
malting- соложение
seedbed- грядка, пашня
harrowing- боронование
rolling- прикатка
fertilizer- удобрение
by- product- побочный продукт
acidity- кислотность
artificial- искусственный
potash- углекислый калий
fungoid- грибковое заболевание
smut- головня
leaf- stripe- полосатость листьев
insect pests- насекомые-вредители
Вариант № 3
/. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1.1. The process of photosynthesis takes place in all Earth's plants.
1.2. He believes that this practice helps to apply fertilizers.
1.3. A tree grows in three directions.
1.4. The leaves of coniferous trees look like needles.
//. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите га, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
2.1. Soil water is vital to plant life.
2.2. The carbon assimilation is a very important biochemical process.
///. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, переведите их на русский язык.
3.1. Improvement of plants is one of the most important factors in making our crops more productive.
3.2. The greater is the surface of the leaf, the more water it can evaporate.
3.3. He who wants to live better should work more and better.
3.4. Flora is as important for us as fauna.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределённых и отрицательных местоимений.
4.1. Because of structural differences, some soils require much more care than others.
4.2. Any seed germinates better when there is enough moisture.
4.3. No solid food material can enter a plant.
4.4. Do you know anything about boreal coniferous forests?
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
5.1. Our farm has been growing potatoes for ten years.
5.2. By the end of next year 800 acres of virgin land will have been ploughed by us.
5.3. We shall begin sowing oats in two days.
5.4. Last year our students helped the farmers to harvest wheat.
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VI. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык.
6.1. We had to apply manure as the soil was very poor in organic matter.
6.2. Man should improve the soil through good management and treatment.
6.3. You cannot get high yields of crops without fertilizing the soil.
6.4. I must dig the ground with a spade and loosen it with a rake.
VII. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Potato
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) was introduced from South America in the sixteenth century.
As a producer of food potato is the most valuable crop grown in Great Britain.
The most suitable soil for potatoes is a light deep loam or alluvium, but the crop grows well on blacktop or peaty land. Potato tolerates acid conditions well, but the yield suffers where there is a deficiency of calcium.
Potatoes grow badly on heavy soils and under wet conditions. The most favourable seasons are those of moderate rainfall because in rainy reasons the temperature is too low for optimum growth. In dry summers the water supply limits the yield. The tubers with the lowest moisture content are formed in dry weather. At that time the best eating quality is generally obtained.
The cultivation of potato depends very largely on the time of the year when the manure is applied. It is better to apply the manure during winter and plough it in as soon as possible. After this the land is worked into a deep, loose tilth.
The time of planting depends upon the district and the variety that is grown. It is a matter of prime importance that the land should be sufficiently dry at planting time.
Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:
1) When and where was potato introduced from?
2) What soil is the most suitable for potatoes?
3) When is the best eating quality of potatoes obtained?
Vocabulary:
tuber- клубень
loam- суглинок
alluvium- аллювий
blacktop land- чернозём
peaty land-торфяник
incidence- количество случаев
loose- рыхлый
tilth- пашня
moisture- влага
yield- урожай
variety- сорт
manure - навоз
Вариант № 4
1. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием —s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1.1. Some plants grow best in cool climates.
1.2. The plant's root system is much more extensive than most people imagine.
1.3. Different crops vary in their climatic requirements.
1.4. Very high rainfall encourages the development of straw rather than grain.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
2.1. Irradiation causes great changes in the plant cells.
2.2. The professor lectured on the sugar and starch formation.
///. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, переведите их на русский язык.
3.1. The yield of beans is often lower on land rich in humus.
3.2. The more we work in our vegetable garden, the better will be our yield in autumn.
3.3. Pine grows here as long as fur.
3.4. Drilling is the most modern method of sowing seeds.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределённых и отрицательных местоимений.
4.1. Our farm grows neither beans nor peas.
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4.2. Much soil water is lost by evaporation.
4.3. All agricultural soils have some organic matter and some mineral matter.
4.4. Some 100 apple-trees grow in this garden.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
5.1. We spoke about preparing a right kind of seedbed for rye and wheat.
5.2. We have grown perfect crops of wheat on heavy loams and clays.
5.3. Now they are planting the seedlings in the field.
5.4. We shall sow cereals at our experimental - training farm next year.
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык.
6.1. The students of our faculty have to study the structure of seeds of various plants.
6.2. Collective farmers may apply some fertilizers in spring.
6.3. If you want to get high yields of vegetables, you must work hard in a vegetable garden.
6.4. Every student should know the difference between the root crops and tubers.
VII. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Sugar Beet
Sugar beet is a biennial plant closely related to the red beet. Sugar beets are white- coloured. Their sugar content amounts to from 13 to more than 20 per cent of their weight.
Sugar beet is now cultivated in Europe and America. It is widely spread in many temperate countries throughout the world. The main object of growing beet is the production of sugar. The by-products, tops and pulp are also important for many plant breeders.
The best soil for beet is a deep loam. Stony soils are not suitable. Beet grows not very well on land that requires liming. The best quality is obtained when the beet is grown on light land and the worst on peaty land.
A full germination of the seed depends on an adequate moisture supply. It is necessary to protect the roots in really hard weather because sugar beet can withstand only 8 degrees of frost when lifted.
The yield of the crop depends very largely on the number of beets that can be grown to the acre. Beet is attacked by a number of the fungoid diseases and insect pests, but their incidence is serious only if the crop is grown for several years on the same land.
Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:
1) What colour is sugar beet?
2) Is sugar beet a biennial or annual plant?
3) What are the by-products of sugar beet?
Vocabulary:
root crop- корнеплод
biennial- двухлетний
weight- вес
object- цель
by- product- побочный продукт
tops- ботва
pulp- мякоть плода
manure- удобрение, навоз
loam- суглинок
liming- известкование
to lift- выкапывать
fungoid diseases- грибковые заболевания
incidence- заболеваемость
Вариант № 5
/. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык предложения Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием —s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1.1. Man's food and clothing are produced directly or indirectly by plants.
1.2. Chemicals protect plants against certain pests.
1.3. Sunlight warms animal environment and animals themselves.
1.4. Deciduous trees are not evergreen trees: they lose their leaves in winter.
//. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
2.1. Seed germination depends on an adequate moisture supply.
2.2. Soil formation is due to the process of weathering rock and to the activity of plants, animals and man.
///. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, переведите их на русский язык.
3.1. The ploughing should be as deep as the nature of the soil will permit.
3.2. Rye is a hardier plant than wheat and can grow on poorer soils and in colder climates.
3.3. This soil contains less humus than that one.
3.4 Wheat, rice, rye, barley, oats and millet are the most important source of food for man and domestic animals.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределённых и отрицательных местоимений.
4.1. In some areas we grow cold-resistant varieties.
4.2. Neither birch nor oak grow in this region.
4.3. Both beans and peas are legumes.
4.4. Do you know any varieties of wheat?
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык
5.1. They have already planted carrots and sugar beets.
5.2. We will soon sow the seeds of cabbage.
5.3. He saw the transplanting machines in the field.
5.4. They will have prepared the seedbed for rye by the end of the week.
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык.
6.1. They must grow peas in mixture with oats.
6.2. Barley may grow in this climate.
6.3. If you want to plant a tree you have to dig the ground, loosen it and water it.
6.4. Crops are able to grow well if there is enough water in the soil.
VII. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Cabbage
The cabbage is a cruciferous plant. It was obtained by a long process of selection from the wild cabbage. Cabbage varieties differ in appearance, size, hardiness and the time required for their development.
The cabbage grows well on strong clays that contain plenty of lime.
A common method of growing cabbage is to sow the seed in a greenhouse or hotbeds in seed boxes 4-6 weeks before outdoor planting. As soon as the true leaves appear 2 weeks after sowing, the seedlings are transplanted to hotbeds. Later they are transplanted in the field.
If the soil is dry at transplanting time, water should be added. The plant should be set deep enough so that the first leaves almost touch the ground. For small acreages the plants are usually transplanted by hand. Transplanting machines are usually employed on large acreages. In order to apply cultivation there should be ample space between plants at planting time. The cultivation should be shallow and only frequent enough for good control of weeds. Deep cultivation may injure the roots and reduce the yield.
Cabbage transplants are first irrigated soon after they are transplanted in the field.
Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:
1) Is the cabbage a cruciferous plant?
2) What soils does it grow well on?
3) When are transplanting machines used to set the cabbage?
Vocabulary:
cruciferous- крестоцветный
appearance- внешний вид
hardiness- устойчивость
greenhouse- теплица
hotbed- парник
to transplant- пересаживать
ample space- достаточное пространство
to injure- повреждать
to irrigate- орошать
seedlings- саженцы
clay- глина
ample space- достаточное пространство
shallow- поверхностный, мелкий
weed- сорняк
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