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Fill in: will or be going to
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Vocabulary
revenue services – налоговая служба
a ride – поездка на транспорте
an inauguration – открытие
a downtown – центр города
an end-on – конечный радиус ветки метрополитена
an interchange – пересадочный узел
a schedule – расписание, график
to diverge – расходиться, отклоняться
an underpass – подземный переход
a cancellation – расторжение
Revenue services have started running on Houston Metro’s 8.5 km North Line light rail route following an official opening ceremony on December 21 and a day of free rides.
Running north from UH Downtown in the city centre through Moody Park and Lindale to the Northline Transit Center, the line forms an end-on extension to the existing 12 km Main Street Red Line, which opened in 2004 and is currently carrying around 40 000 passengers per day. The extension adds eight new stops, including two bus-rail interchanges at Burnett and Northline.
Opened several months ahead of schedule, the North Line is one of three routes being built under a $900m Full Funding Grant Agreement signed with the Department of Transportation in November 2011, which will almost treble the size of the network to 33.8 km. The East End Line will link Theater District with Magnolia Park Transit Center, serving nine stops including an interchange with the Red Line at Main Street Square. The Southeast Line will diverge from the East End Line at EADO/Stadium and run to University Oaks and Palm Center, adding a further six stations.
These two lines are both expected to open during 2014, although the construction of an underpass below the Houston Belt & Terminal Railroad at Harrison & 66th Streets means the final 2 km of the East End Line may not be ready until the end of 2015.
During the North Line opening ceremony, Metro Chairman Gilbert Garcia, suggested that the city was now at a ‘wonderful turning point. Now that there are transit choices and people get used to using light rail, I think they are going to see how easy it is, how efficient and reliable it is’, he explained.
To operate the extended Red Line, Metro has purchased a further 19 Siemens Avanto S70 LRVs, similar to the 18 supplied for the initial route. Following the cancellation of an earlier contract under Buy America rules, the city has also ordered 39 CAF low-floor cars to operate the East End and Southeast lines.
Answer the questions:
13. How long is North Line light rail route?
14. When was Main Street Red Line opened?
15. What districts will the East End Line link?
16. The extension adds eight new stops, including two bus-rail interchanges, doesn`t it?
17. Cilbert Garcia is sure that people get used to using light rail, isn`t he?
EXERCISES:
1. Find the English equivalents in the text:
1. государственная налоговая служба
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2. северная ветка легкорельсового транспорта
2. бесплатный проезд
3. официальное открытие
4. удлинение конечного радиуса ветки метрополитена
5. 8 новых станций
6. с опережением графика
7. строительство подземного перехода
8. эффективный и надежный
9. расторжение ранее заключенного контракта
2. Read the text again and say if these statements true (T) or false (F):
1. Passengers don`t have to pay on Houston Metro’s North Line on an official inauguration day.
2. The North Line runs south from the suburbs to the city center.
3. The North Line links Theater District with Magnolia Park Transit Center, serving nine stops including an interchange with the Red Line.
4. The East End Line and the Southeast Line are both expected to open during 2014.
5. People will find it complicated and dangerous to use light rail.
3.Fill in the gaps with the proper preposition using the text:
1. An official inauguration of the North Line light rail route will be held _____ December 21.
2. The Line runs __________ Moody Park and Lindale to the Northline Transit Center.
3. It is currently carrying _________ 40 000 passengers per day.
4. Full Funding Grant Agreement was signed with the Department of Transportation ____ November 2011.
5. The construction of three routes will almost treble the size of the network ____ 33.8 km.
6. The East End Line may not be ready _______ the end of 2015.
7. Metro has purchased a further 19 Siemens Avanto S70 LRVs, similar _____ the 18 supplied for the initial route.
Fill in: will or be going to
1. I hope you ________ enjoy your visit.
10. Watch out! You _________ crash into the fence!
11. What are his summer plans? - He __________ sail around the Greek islands.
12. Don`t touch the cooker. You ______ burn yourself.
13. She ______ be upset if he forgets her birthday.
14. Scientists predict that global temperatures ________ increase.
15. Mark and Helen _______ get married in September.
16. Have you decided what to get George for his anniversary? - Yes. I ________ buy him a motorbike.
5.Discussion Corner. Choose any statement and prepare a short talk (5-7 sentences)
1. The Moscow Underground or Metro, the London Underground or the Tube, New York City Subway and others
2. Metro and Art
3. The Underground: pros and cons
4. Innovations on the Underground
5. Light rail transport
References:
www.railwaygazette.com
UNIT 3.
RAILWAY STATIONS
Vocabulary
freight – груз, грузоперевозки
elevated – надземный, эстакадный
the terminus – терминал, конечная станция
rapid transit systems – скоростные системы перевозок
a pet project – детище
to resemble – напоминать
a transport knot – транспортный узел
left-luggage – камера хранения
lost-and-found – бюро находок
luggage carts – тележки для багажа
rolling stock – подвижной состав
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repair jobs – ремонтные работы
A railway station is a railway facility where trains regularly stop to load or unload passengers and freight. It generally consists of a platform next to the track and a station building providing related services. Stations may be at ground level, underground, or elevated. Connections may be available to intersecting rail lines or other transport modes such as buses, trams or other rapid transit systems. The world's oldest station built for steam locomotives which is still in use is Broad Green railway station in Liverpool, England, built in 1830.
The longest railway routes across Russia start at Komsomolskaya Square in Moscow, at the three railway stations — Leningradsky, Yaroslavsky and Kazansky.
Leningradsky Rail Terminal is the oldest of Moscow’s principal railway stations. The station was constructed between 1844 and 1851, designed by Konstantin Thon as the terminus of the Moscow–Saint Petersburg Railway, a pet project of Emperor Nicholas I. Regular connection was opened in 1851. From here trains go to Saint-Petersburg, Murmansk, Helsinki (Finland), Borovichi, Novgorod, Pskov, Tallinn, and Tver. Traveling by train from Leningradsky station is really the most convenient way to get to St. Petersburg. It takes about 5,5 to 9,5 hours to get there depending on the train class.
From Kazansky Rail Terminal which is considered to be the largest in Europe, trains depart to many southern and eastern directions: Kazan, Adler, Samara, Ufa, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk, and many other cities of Russian Povolzhye, Ural, Siberia, and the Middle East. Construction оf the modern building according to the design оf an architect, Alexey Shchusev started іn 1913 аnd ended іn 1940. The building resembles the Söyembikä Tower іn Kazan.
Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal, built nearby Leningradsky station in 1862, is a terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railway – the longest railway in the world. Connecting Moscow and Vladivostok, it is around 9,300 kilometers (5,800 miles) long and spans 8 time zones. This terminal is a transport knot, connecting Moscow with North regions, Ural, Siberia, the Far East, China, Mongolia and North Korea. Because of diversity of routes Yaroslavsky station is even more crowded and chaotic than other railway stations and considered to be one of the busiest in Russia.
As a rule, stations usually have staffed ticket sales offices, automated ticket machines, or both, although on some lines tickets are sold on board the trains. Many stations include shops, fast food or restaurant facilities. Other station facilities may include: left-luggage, lost-and-found, departures and arrival boards, luggage carts, waiting rooms, taxi ranks and bus bays. The larger stations are, the greater range of facilities they have.
As well as providing services for passengers and loading facilities for goods, stations can sometimes have locomotive and rolling stock depots (usually with facilities for storing and refuelling rolling stock and carrying out minor repair jobs).
Answer the questions:
1. What sort of a railway facility is a railway station?
17. Where is the oldest station in the world located?
18. Where do the longest railway routes across Russia start?
19. When was Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal built?
20. Stations provide only services for passengers, don`t they?
Exercises:
1. Find the English equivalents in the text:
1. сооружение, помещение
21. пересекающийся
22. виды транспорта
23. считать, рассматривать
24. отправляться, уезжать
25. охватывать 8 часовых поясов
26. разнообразие
27. табло прибытия и отправления поездов
28. стоянка такси
29. автобусный парк, стоянка автобусов
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2. Read the text and say if these statements true (T) or false (F):
1. The world oldest station built for steam locomotives is located in the USA.
2. The longest railway routes across Russia start at Komsomolskaya Square.
3. Leningradsky Rail Terminal is the oldest of Moscow`s rail stations.
4. Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal connects Moscow and Murmansk.
5. Stations include different facilities: ticket offices, shops, restaurants, waiting rooms and others.
3. Choose the best variant -ing or infinitive:
1. My friends really enjoy listening/to listen to the MP3s that I have given them.
30. How did she learn speaking/to speak Chinese so well?
31. David finally managed finding/ to find his passport before the train departure.
32. They are looking forward to visiting/ visit New Zealand.
33. There`s no answer at the office. Let`s try calling/to call Lucy`s mobile.
34. Sam has just taken up cycling/to cycle to work.
35. Stop pretending being/to be asleep! Get up or you will be late!
4.Tag questions. Form the proper tag for each question:
1. I am completely crazy about skateboarding, ___________?
36. Tony`s dad used to be quite fit, __________?
37. That sounds like a joke, __________?
38. There aren`t any sports centers nearby, __________?
39. They haven`t given the baby the name yet, ________?
40. This year more than a million tourists will visit our region, __________?
41. It`s going to rain, ________?
42. People shouldn’t drop the litter in the street, ________?
5.Discussion Corner. Choose any statement and prepare a short talk (5-7 sentences):
1. Rome wasn`t built in a day.
43. East or West, home is best.
44. A tree is known by its fruit.
45. Jack of all trades is master of none.
46. Haste makes waste.
References:
www.wikipedia.com
UNIT 4.
RAILWAY TRACK CONSTRUCTION
Vocabulary
a track – железнодорожный путь
a permanent way – верхнее строение пути
a sleeper – шпала
a subgrade – земляное полотно
pre-stressed concrete – преднапряженный бетон
to weld – сваривать
a baseplate – плита
fasteners – крепления
axle load – осевая нагрузка
via – через, посредством
a joint – стык
friction – трение
a tieplate – накладка рельса
a pad – нашпальная прокладка
The track on a railway also known as the permanent way which consists of rails, fasteners, sleepers and ballast, plus the underlying subgrade.
Section through railway track and formation
The dominant track form worldwide includes flat-bottom steel rails supported on timber or pre-stressed concrete sleepers, which are rested on crushed stone ballast. Most railroads with heavy traffic use continuously welded rails supported by sleepers attached via baseplates which spread the load. A plastic or rubber pad is usually placed between the rail and the tieplate where concrete sleepers are used.
For much of the 20th century, rail track used softwood timber sleepers and jointed rails. Pre-stressed concrete sleepers are often used where tonnage or speeds are high. Steel is used in some applications. The track ballast comprises crushed stone, in order to support the sleepers and allow free drainage.
A disadvantage of traditional track structures is the heavy demand for maintenance, particularly surfacing and lining to restore the desired track geometry and smoothness of vehicle running. This can be overcome by using ballastless track. In its simplest form this consists of a continuous slab of concrete with the rails supported directly on its upper surface.
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Rail is graded by weight over a standard length. Heavier rail can support greater axle loads and higher train speeds without causing damage than lighter rail, but at a greater cost. The traditional method of joining the rails is to bolt them together producing a jointed track. For more modern usage, particularly where higher speeds are required, the lengths of rail may be welded together to form continuous welded rail(CWR). Because there are few joints, this form of track is very strong, gives a smooth ride, and needs less maintenance; trains can travel on it at higher speeds and with less friction. Welded rails are more expensive to lay than jointed tracks, but have much lower maintenance costs.
Answer the questions:
1. What does the permanent way consist of?
47. What components does the dominant track have?
48. Where are pre-stressed sleepers used?
49. Traditional track structures have some drawbacks, don`t they?
50. When were the first welded tracks applied?
Exercises:
1. Find the English equivalents in the text:
1. скрепления
51. рельс
52. древесина
53. бесстыковой путь, путь из сварных рельсовых путей
54. щебень
55. распределять нагрузку
56. стыковые рельс
57. свободный водоотвод
58. сплошная плита
59. затраты, стоимость
2. Read the text and say if these statemnets true (T) or false (F):
1. Most railways with heavy traffic use continuously welded rails.
2. A rubber pad is usually placed between the rail and the tieplate.
3. Fasteners don`t belong to the permanent way.
4. Softwood timber sleepers are often used where tonnage or speeds are high.
5. The traditional method of joining the rails is to weld them together producing a jointed track.
3. Word formation. Form the adjectives from the given words using these suffixes: -ic, -al, -ous, -less, -ive:
1. In the morning they had a __________ continental breakfast. (tradition)
2.The latest ______________ research shows that our galaxy is expanding. (science)
3. She was _________ to find out what the parcel contained. (curiosity)
60. The children go to one of these ____________ schools where new educational standards has been introduced. (progress)
61. It was a ___________ night when everyone can see millions of stars in the dark sky. (cloud)
62. The room is _______________ enough to place a big Christmas tree. (space)
63. This company is offering a very ______________ salary. (attract)
4.Relative clauses. Fill in the gaps in the sentences with which, who, where, when, whose:
1. Cut spikes are large nails with an offset head ________ are used to secure rails and base plates to railroad ties in the track.
2.George Stephenson was an English engineer _________ built a successful steam locomotive “Rocket”.
3. In the 19th century most people were afraid of railways _________ they first appeared.
4. Richard Trevithick, _______ working model of a steam locomotive was demonstrated in 1808, first attempted to use the steam engine to draw passengers and freight trains.
5. The first steam locomotive in Russia was built by the Cherepanovs ________ were talented and skilled workman of their time.
6. The place _________ the ends of the rails meet in the track is known as the rail joint.
7. The railroads have a switch ________ makes the trains pass from one track to another.
8. Russia is the country ________ the uniform gauge of 1,520 mm is adopted.
5.Discussion Corner. Choose any statement and prepare a short talk (5-7 sentences):
1. The evolution of railways
2. Track gauge
3. Switches and crossings
4. Famous civil engineers of the world
5. Railroad ecology
References:
www.wikipedia.com
UNIT 5.
DOUBLE-DECK TRAIN CONCEPT
Vocabulary
bilevel/ double-deck – двухъярусный / двухэтажный
passenger capacity – вместимость пассажиров
a multiple unit – моторовагонный поезд
a gauge – ширина колеи
spacious – просторный
a berth – спальное место в вагоне
services – перевозки
a carriage building factory – вагоностроительный завод
seat-back entertainment systems – мультимедийная система в спинке кресла
wheelchair facilities – устройства для инвалидных кресел
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a snackbar – бар-буфет
bulky luggage – крупногабаритный багаж
CCTV – система видеонаблюдения
The bilevel car (AE) or double-decker coach (BE) has two levels of passenger accommodation that increases passenger capacity. Bilevel trains are claimed to be more energy efficient, and may have a lower operating cost per passenger.
The height of the cars can limit their use, especially in countries with low loading gauge. In some countries such as the UK new lines are built to a larger than standard gauge to allow the use of double-deck trains in future. The high passenger capacity can create flow and problems at train stations when much larger numbers of passengers try to board or get off at the same time.
The double-deck design usually includes lowering the bottom floor to below the top level of the wheels, closer to the rails, and then adding an upper floor above. Double-deck coaches slightly differ from the standard ones, the only exception is a much lower ceiling. Because of that top shelves have become less spacious. For the same reason there are no overhead luggage shelves.
In 2012, a prototype double-decker rail carriage was made at the TVZ Tver Carriage Building Factory for the RZD Russian Railways company. This prototype carriage is a sleeping car with four-berth compartments and a total capacity of 64 passengers. Double-deckers are modern, clean and offer an amazing travel experience for a great money value. Launched in November 2013 the first Russian double-deck train became one of the most popular types of travelling between Moscow and Sochi. In February 2015 the second Russian double-deck train started running between Moscow and St.Petersburg and became a real hit.
Transmashholding produces double-deck trainsets for inter-regional services on routes from Moscow to Samara, Voronezh, Kazan.
Each train comprises between six and 12 double-deck coaches from TMH's Tver works. According to TMH, the height of double-deck stock means there would be no roof or under-floor space for the electrical equipment needed for an electric multiple unit. The air-conditioned coaches will have three classes, business class featuring seat-back entertainment systems, standard class having a 2+2 seating arrangement and economy class 3+2. There will also be wheelchair facilities, a snackbar, space for bulky luggage and CCTV.
Answer the questions:
1. Why are bilevel trains claimed to be efficient?
2. When was the first double-deck train launched in Russia?
3. How do a double-deck coacher differ from the standard one?
4. Where are double-decker carriages manufactured in Russia?
5. What are the most popular routes for carrying out services with double-deckers?
EXERCISES:
1. Find the English equivalents in the text:
1. двухъярусный/двухэтажный вагон
2. размещение
3. энергосберегающий
4. нижний этаж
5. садиться и сходить с поезда
6. низкие производственные затраты
7. спальный вагон
8. 4-х местное купе
9. Межрегиональные перевозки
10. вагоны с кондиционерами
2. Read the text again and say if these statements true (T) or false (F):
1. The bilevel trains are designed to increase the speed.
2. The journey on double-deck trains are cheaper than on one-deck ones.
3. The great amount of people carried with the double-deck trains may cause some difficulties at train stations.
4. The car design depends on the platform length.
5. The Russian double-decker sleeper carriages can carry 64 passengers.
3. Match different means of transport with their definition.
| Means of transport | Definition |
| 1. a cart | a) a boat with sails used for either racing or travelling for pleasure |
| 2. a shuttle | b) a railway engine connected to carriages for carrying people or wheeled containers for carrying goods |
| 3. a shuttle | c) a big road vehicle which is used for transporting large amount of goods |
| 4. a yaсht | d) an aircraft without wings that has one or two sets of blades. It can land and take off vertically |
| 5. a truck | e) a vehicle with two or four wheels pulled by an animal or a person which is used for carrying goods |
| 6. a train | f) a ship that can travel under water |
| 7. a helicopter | g) an aircraft that travels regularly between two places in space |
4. Modal verbs. Use can/can`t, must/mustn`t, have/don`t have to, should/shouldn`t, may or needn`t only once in the proper situation:
1. _______ I help you with your report?
2. Visitors __________ touch the works of art in the museum.
3. I _______ work Monday to Friday.
4. Sorry but Mr Turner ______ come to the phone right now. He is busy.
5. You ________ always obey the university rules.
6. You ______ buy any milk. I bought some yesterday.
5. He has a toothache. He _______ see the dentist.
6. Linda has broken her sister`s iPod. She ________ have been so careless.
7. You _________ to take a taxi. Sam will you give you a lift.
8. ______ I stay a little longer?
5.Discussion Corner. Choose any statement and prepare a short talk (5-7 sentences):
1. The evolution of vehicles
2. Means of transport: advantages and disadvantages
3. The discoveries that have changed the world
4. Types of railway wagons
5. Taboos in your life
References:
The newspaper "Gudok" 16 July 2012
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