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Decide which sentences are true and which are false?
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Unit 2. Intellectual property. Infringements and cybercrimes.
Text 1.
1. Read the text to answer the questions below:
What is Intellectual property?
What types of intellectual property do you know?
What is Intellectual property?
Intellectual property (IP) is a legal concept which refers to creations of the mind for which exclusive rights are recognized. Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property rights include copyright, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, trade dress, and in some jurisdictions trade secrets. There are also more specialized varieties of sui generis exclusive rights, such as circuit design rights, plant breeders' rights, plant variety rights, industrial design rights, supplementary protection certificates for pharmaceutical products and database rights (in European law).
Although many of the legal principles governing intellectual property rights have evolved over centuries, it was not until the 19th century that the term intellectual property began to be used, and not until the late 20th century that it became commonplace in the majority of the world. The British Statute of Anne 1710 and the Statute of Monopolies 1623 are now seen as the origins of copyright and patent law respectively.
The WIPO treaty and several related international agreements are premised on the notion that the protection of intellectual property rights are essential to maintaining economic growth. The WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook gives two reasons for intellectual property laws:
One is to give statutory expression to the moral and economic rights of creators in their creations and the rights of the public in access to those creations. The second is to promote, as a deliberate act of Government policy, creativity and the dissemination and application of its results and to encourage fair trading which would contribute to economic and social development.
Notes
legal concept – юридическое понятие
to refers – относиться
recognize – признавать
to grant – предоставлять
intangible assets – нематериальные активы
inventi ons – изобретения
designs – конструкции
сommon types – наиболее распространенные типы
industrial design – промышленный образец
trade dres – товарный вид
jurisdictions – юрисдикции
sui generis – в своём роде
circuit design rights – схемотехника прав
plant breeders' rights – права селекционеров
plant variety rights – права на сорта растений
supplementary – дополнительная
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database rights – права на базы данных
governing – регулирующих
commonplace – обычное явление
respectively – соответственно
WIPO – всемирная организация интеллектуальной собственности (ВОИС)
the WIPO treaty – договоры ВОИС
related – соответствующие
premise – базироваться
notion – представление
maintaining – поддержание
handbook – справочник
statutory – уставной, законный
deliberate act – преднамеренный акт
dissemination – распространение
application – применение
to encourage – поощрять
to contribute – способствовать
2. Read the text again to answer the following questions:
1. What does the English word ‘intellectual property’ refer to?
2. What types of intellectual property rights do you know?
3. What are more specialized varieties of exclusive rights?
4. What example of intangible assets can you give?
5. In what century was the term intellectual property used?
6. What is seen as the origin of copyright and patent now?
7. What is WIPO treaty?
8. How many reasons does the WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook givee for intellectual property laws?
9. What does the first reason comprise?
10. What does the second reason consist of?
3. Translate the following words and word combinations from English into Russian:
property, concept, law, owners, variety, intangible assets, copyright, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, circuit, supplementary, certificates, database rights, legal, commonplace, majority, respectively, treaty, several, agreements notion, protection, essential, maintaining, growth, WIPO, handbook, reasons, statutory, expression, creations, access, deliberate act, dissemination, application, fair trading, to contribute.
4. Find the English equivalents for the following words and phrases:
интеллектуальная собственность, юридическое понятие, творения человеческого разума, исключительные права, владельцы, эксклюзивные права, нематериальные активы, открытия, изобретения, конструкции, авторские права, фирменный стиль, юрисдикция, секреты торговли, международные соглашения, экономический рост, моральные права, государственная политика, справедливая торговля.
Decide which sentences are true and which are false?
1. Intellectual property is a legal concept which exclusive rights are recognized. +
2. Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of tangible assets. -
3. Common types of intellectual property rights include copyright, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, but not trade secrets. -
4. The term intellectual property became commonplace in the majority of the world until the late 20th century. +
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5. The WIPO treaty is premised on the notion that the protection of intellectual property rights are essential to maintaining economic growth. +
6. The WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook gives four reasons for intellectual property laws. -
7. One of the reasons is to promote, as a deliberate act of Government policy and creativity. +
6. Match left and right:
| 1. юридическое понятие -1 | a. intangible assets -2 |
| 2. международные соглашения -7 | b.exclusive rights -3 |
| 3. нематериальные активы -2 | c. inventions -5 |
| 4. открытия -4 | d. legal concept -1 |
| 5. собственность -8 | e. copyright -6 |
| 6. исключительные права -3 | f. international agreements -7 |
| 7.изобретения -5 | g. property -8 |
| 8.авторское право -6 | h. discoveries -4 |
7. Match the words from the left column with their definitions from the right column .
| 1. law -3 | a. is the act of detecting something new, or something "old" that had been unknown. -1 |
| 2. trade secret -4 | b. a new, useful process, machine, improvement, etc., that did not exist previously. -2 |
| 3. copyright -7 | c. is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior. -3 |
| 4. to disseminate -8 | d. is a formula, process, design, instrument, or information, by which a business can obtain an economic advantage over competitors or customers. -4 |
| 5. discovery -1 | e. is a recognizable sign, design or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others. -5 |
| 6. economics -9 | f. is an international treaty on copyright law adopted by the member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization in 1996 -6 |
| 7. WIPO -6 | g. is a legal concept, enacted by most governments, giving the creator of an original work exclusive rights to it, usually for a limited time. -7 |
| 8. trademark -5 | h. means to broadcast a message to the public without direct feedback from the audience. -8 |
| 9. invention -2 | i. is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. -9 |
8. Fill in the gaps, using the necessary words from exercise 7:
1. The ……... (WIPO) treaty are premised on the notion that the protection of intellectual property rights are essential to maintaining economic growth.
2. A ……... (trade secret) is something that's actively treated as confidential and is not known generally in your industry.
3. In our time it became less and less ……... (discoveries) in science.
4. They have no choice: any reduction in rights would be prohibited by european …… (law).
5. An Apple ……... (invention) is designed to eliminate blurry iPhone photos. 6. Few firms have expanded their sphere of activity through the ……... (dissemination) of new products.
7. The iconic KROMEKOTE ……... (trademark) represents world class Cast Coated papers and boards and related high gloss products.
8. In the past, ………. (copyright) enforcers have targeted pirates by using files they download to track their Internet protocol addresses.
9. This year it was a question of ……... (economics) more than anything else.
9. Give reasons why you agree or disagree with the following statements. Discuss it with your partner, using the following clichés:
1. I quite agree, that…..
2. I`m absolutely certain of that…
3. Yes, indeed…
4. Yes, that`s true…
5. I`m not sure of that…
6. On the one hand…., on the other hand…
7. I`m exactly of the same opinion…
8. I`m afraid you are not quite right...
9. I`m sorry, but you must be mistaken…
1. Common types of intellectual property rights include copyright and patents.
2. Intellectual property doesn’t need protection.
3. Musical and literary works don’t belong to the intellectual property
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4. Today intellectual property is very important to support economic growth.
5. The state should help in the development and protection of intellectual property.
Text 2.
1. Read the text to answer the following questions:
What is a trademark?
What is a trade secret?
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