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Lesson 4. Motor car clubs and museums
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1. Подберите правильный перевод
| about | exhibit | motoring |
| collect | advertise | pioneer |
| antique | single | memory |
| several | such | fine |
| specialize | glorious | speeding |
| rare | famous | ghost |
| meeting | founder | silently |
показывать около автодело
рекламировать собирать первопроходец
один античный память
такой несколько штрафовать
славный специализироваться превышение скорости
известный редкий призрак
основатель собрание тихо
2. Переведите следующие словосочетания
to collect antique cars, to specialize in rare models, to practice meetings, motoring pioneers, in memory, to fine for speeding, per hour, to run silently, petrol-driven car
3. Перечитайте и переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы
Text 4. MOTOR CAR CLUBS AND MUSEUMS
There are about 3,000 Americans who like to collect antique cars.
They have several clubs such as Antique Automobile Club and Veteran Motor Car Club, which specialize in rare models.
The clubs practice meetings where members can exhibit their cars.
Collectors can also advertise in magazines published by their clubs.
Some magazines specialize in a single type of car such as glorious Model ”T”
In England there is the famous Beaulieu Motor Museum - the home for veteran cars. There is a car called The Knight in this museum. It is the first British petrol-driven car. Its top speed was only 8 mph.
The founder of the Museum is Lord Montagu, the son of one of England's motoring pioneers, who opened it in 1952 in memory of his father. Lord Montagu's father was the first person in England to be fined by the police for speeding. He was fined 5 pounds for going faster than 12 miles per hour.
In the Museum's collection there is a car called the Silver Ghost.
It was built by Rolls-Royce in 1907 and called the Silver Ghost because it ran so silently and was painted silver.
Charles Rolls was born in 1881 in Great Britain. He died in 1910.
He was an aristocrat and businessman. He was especially interested in cars. Once he met another enthusiast of cars Henry Royce.
Henry Royce was a famous car engineer. They decided to design the most comfortable and reliable car.
At the beginning of the 20th century it seemed to be a fantasy. But they worked hard and at last in 1907 they created the world-famous Rolls-Royce car. It was so comfortable and reliable that one of the models of Rolls-Royce cars "Silver Ghost" hadn't changed greatly for 20 years since 1907.
Are there motor car clubs and museums in America and England?
What models do these clubs and museums specialize in?
What rare cars are exhibited in these clubs and museums?
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4. Заполните пропуски в предложениях в соответствии с содержанием текста и переведите предложения.
There are about 3,000 Americans who like to collect antique cars.
Antique Automobile Club and Veteran Motor Car Club _____________ in _______________
In England there is the _____________ Beaulieu Motor Museum – the home for veteran cars.
There is a car called The Knight. It is the first British_____________
Its ______________speed was only 8 mph.
СЛОВАРЬ К УРОКУ 4
Слова, словосочетания и специальные термины
about — около, приблизительно
advert — упоминать, ссылаться
advertise — рекламировать, объявлять
advertisement — объявление, реклама, анонс
antique - антикварный, античный, старинный
collect — собирать, коллекционировать
collect antique cars - собирать (коллекционировать) старинные автомобили
collection - коллекция, подборка
collective — коллективный, совместный
collector — коллекционер, собиратель; коллектор, токосниматель
especially — особенно
exhibit — показывать, экспонировать
famous — известный
fine - штраф; штрафовать
founder — основатель
ghost - призрак
glorious — славный, легендарный
host — хозяин; принимать гостей
in memory of - в память о ком (чем) -либо
meeting — собрание, встреча
memory — память
motoring — автодело, автоспорт
motoring pioneers — первопроходцы автомобилестроения
per hour — в час (за час)
petrol-driven саг - автомобиль, работающий на бензине
pioneer — первопроходец, пионер
practice — практиковать, регулярно проводить
practice meetings — проводить собрания (встречи)
гаге — редкий, редкостный
run silently - работать тихо (о двигателе)
silently — тихо, бесшумно
single - один, единственный
special — специальный
specialist — специалист
specialize — специализироваться
specialize in rare models — специализироваться по редким автомобилям
specially — специально
specific — удельный; специфический, определенный
speed — скорость, ускорять
speeding — превышение скорости
such — такой
such as — такой как (при сравнении)
Lesson 5. THE ERA OF THE GASOLINE-POWERED AUTOMOBILE
1. Подберите правильный перевод
inventor sundry decade clone feature
discover combustion concept repair imitate
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carriage electricity success spawn peddle
wagon contraption seek replace spare
progress noisy to improve to power inaugurate
dramatically inefficient embody offering suitable
| десятилетие | черта | клон |
| концепция | подражать | ремонтировать |
| успех | торговать | порождать |
| искать | запасной | замещать |
| исправлять | ознаменовать | питать энергией |
| воплощать | подходящий | предложение |
| изобретатель | разнообразный | |
| открывать | сгорание | |
| экипаж | электричество | |
| фургон | хитроумное приспособление | |
| прогресс | шумный | |
| драматично | неэффективный |
2. Переведите следующие словосочетания
water-cooled contraption, gasoline automobile engines, two-seated cars with no roofs, large cans of fuel, spare parts, filling station, inaugurated the era, suitable technology, self-propelled vehicle, a four-wheeled motorized carriage
3. Перечитайте и переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы
Text 5. THE ERA OF THE GASOLINE-POWERED AUTOMOBILE
Inventors on both sides of the Atlantic discovered during the 1880s that technologies for making self-propelled carriages and wagons had progressed dramatically. Soon sundry vehicles powered by steam, internal combustion engines, and electricity were rolling across Germany, France, and the United States.
The first practical internal combustion engine was built by Etienne Lenoir, a Belgian living in France. Patented in 1860, his water-cooled contraption burned coal gas and was noisy and inefficient; even so, for two decades it had many buyers. Lenoir's engine was a clear proof of concept to other inventors, especially in Europe.
Nikolaus Otto, a German, was one of many inspired by Lenoir's technical and commercial success. Mechanically gifted, Otto sought to improve the Lenoir engine, and in the late 1870s he did. Otto's four-cycle design embodied features that would become standard in gasoline automobile engines.
The cars of that time were very small, two-seated cars with no roof, driven by an engine placed under the scat. Motorists had to carry large cans of fuel and separate spare parts, for there were no repair or filling stations to serve them.
The Otto engine and the many clones it spawned, though intended to replace small steam engines in industry, inaugurated the era of the gasoline-powered automobile. Clearly, the compact internal combustion engine was a most suitable technology for the self-propelled vehicle.
Karl Benz, also a German, employed his own Otto-type engine to power a three-wheel carriage in 1885. These tri-wheelers, with a one-cylinder engine that developed 0.8 hp, were put on the market in 1887, perhaps the earliest commercial automobiles.
In 1891 Benz added a four-wheel motorized carriage to his company's offerings. These automobiles sold well and were widely imitated. In the early 1890s, for example, Panhard et Levassor as well as Peugeot in France were peddling cars to the public. Henry Ford, however, was still a long way from building automobiles.
Who built the first practical internal combustion engine?
Who improved the Lenoir engine?
What era did the Otto engine inaugurate?
Who introduced the first commercial automobile?
4. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, в соответствии с содержанием текста и переведите предложения.
Inventors on both sides of the Atlantic _____________during the 1880s that technologies _______________ had progressed dramatically.
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Patented in 1860, his water-cooled contraption_______________ and
was ____________ and ___________
Otto's four-cycle design________________ that would become standard in ____________________ engines
Motorists had to carry ____________ and separate__________, for there were no _______________ or _____________ to serve them.
The compact internal combustion engine was a most________________
for the _______________
Karl Benz ___________his own Otto-type engine __________a three-wheel carnage in 1885.
СЛОВАРЬ К УРОКУ 5
Слова, словосочетания и специальные термины
carriage - экипаж
clone - клон
combustion — сгорание
concept - концепция, идея
contraption — хитроумное приспособление
decade — десятилетие
discover — делать открытие, открывать
discoverer — исследователь
discovery — открытие {научное и т.п.)
dramatically — заметно
electricity — электричество
embodiment — воплощение, реализация
embody — воплощать
employ — использовать, применять, задействовать
employee — наемный сотрудник
employer — работодатель
employment — применение, использование, занятость
feature — (характерная) черта; выделять как особенность, иметь особенность
filling station — заправочная станция
four-wheeled motorized carriage — четырехколесный моторизированный экипаж
gasoline automobile engine — бензиновый автомобильный двигатель
gift — подарок, дар; дарить, одарять
imitate — подражать, имитировать; моделировать
imitation - имитация, моделирование (событий и т.п.), подражание
imitative - имитационный, смоделированный, подражательный
imitator — имитатор, подражатель
improve — улучшать, исправлять
improvement — улучшение, исправление, достижение
inaugurate — ознаменовывать
inaugurate the era - открывать эру
inefficient - неэффективный
invent — изобретать
inventor — изобретатель
large can of fuel - большая канистра с топливом
noisy — шумный
offering — предложение
peddle — торговать (вразнос)
peddler — торговец вразнос
power - питать энергией
powerful — мощный, сильный; властный
powerless — бессильный
progress — прогресс; продвигаться вперед, развиваться
repair — ремонтировать
replace - замещать
replacement — замена, замещение
seat — сиденье, седло клапана; усаживать
seek (sought) — искать
self-propelled vehicle — самодвижущееся транспортное средство
spare — запасной
spare parts — запасные части
spawn — порождать, плодиться
success — успех
suitable - подходящий
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suitable technology — соответствующая технология
sundry – разнообразный
two-seated car with no roof — двухместный автомобиль с открытым верхом (без крыши)
unemployment — безработица
wagon — фургон
water-cooled contraption — устройство водяного охлаждения (двигатель с водяным охлаждением)
wheel - колесо, руль; везти, поворачивать, ехать на велосипеде
LESSON 6. THE ENGINE
1. Подберите правильный перевод
| ingenious | present | consumption | smoothly |
| device | thrust | designer | properly |
| ability | ratio | obtain | overhaul |
| demand | define | specific | balance |
| power | output | flexibility | load |
| consider | fuel | run | advantage |
потребление устойчиво хитроумный представлять
конструктор должным образом устройство сила тяги
получать переборка двигателя способность соотношение
удельный балансировка требовать определять
гибкость груз мощность выход
работать преимущество обсуждать топливо
2. Переведите следующие словосочетания
ingenious device, must be able to move, power plant, power output, fuel consumption, to run smoothly and properly, problem worked at
3. Перечитайте и переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы
Text 6. THE ENGINE
The word engine originally meant any ingenious device, and came from the Greek word ingenious, clever. Any kind of vehicle must be able to move. The ability to move demands power. A machine that produces mechanical power or energy is called an engine or a power plant.
Engines present one of the most interesting groups of problems considered in the engineering field. One of the main problems is receiving the maximum possible power or thrust for minimum weight. The weight is included in the factor called the weight/power ratio, which may be defined as the weight in pounds per horse power output.
Another important problem is that of fuel. Both in the past and today the designers work at the problem of getting lower specific fuel consumption. Specific fuel consumption is obtained by dividing the weight of the fuel burned per hour by the horse power developed.
Another possible problem considered in any engine is its flexibility. Flexibility is the ability of the engine to run smoothly and perform properly at all speeds and through all variations of atmospheric conditions.
One more important problem worked at by the designers is the engine reliability. The engine is to have a long life, with maximum of time between overhaul periods. In some cases the problem of balance is one of the main. Balance has several possible meanings but the principle factor is freedom from vibration. Besides any engine must be started easily and carry its full load in a few minutes. There are gasoline engines, diesel engines, gas turbines, steam engines, jet engines and rocket engines. Each of them has certain advantages and disadvantages over other forms of power plants.
What did the word engine originally mean?
What machine is called an engine or a power plant?
What is one of the main problems engines present?
What is the weight/power ratio?
What is flexibility of the engine?
Do the designers work at the engine reliability?
What engines do you know?
4. Заполните пропуски в предложениях в соответствии с содержанием текста и переведите предложения.
A machine that __________ mechanical power or energy is called an engine or a plant.
One of the main problems is____________ the maximum possible power or _____________for minimum weight.
The weight is included in the factor called the weight/power__________,
which may be _____________as the weight in pounds per horse_________
output.
Flexibility is the____________ of the engine to run____________ and perform properly at all speeds and through all of atmospheric conditions.
The engine is to have a_____________ life, with maximum of time between ____________ periods.
There are___________ engines,___________ engines,___________ turbines, engines, engines and engines. Each of them
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has certain __________ and __________over other forms of ________ plants.
СЛОВАРЬ К УРОКУ 6
Слова, словосочетания и специальные термины
abi lity — способность
able (to be able) - быть в состоянии
advance - продвижение вперед, успех; аванс
advantage - преимущество
balance - балансировка, баланс; балансировать, регулировать
cull - звать, называть, звонить; вызов (телефонный)
co nsider - обсуждать, полагать, рассматривать
considerable — значительный
consume — потреблять
consumer — потребитель
consumption — потребление, расходование
define — определять
demand — требовать, требование; спрос
designer — конструктор, дизайнер
device — устройство
disability — неспособность
disabled - инвалид
disadvantage - недостаток
engine — двигатель, мотор
engineer — инженер
engineering - машиностроение, инженерное дело, разработка
flех — сгибать, гнуть, сгибаться
flexibility — гибкость; перенастраиваемость (о производстве и т flexible - гибкий; перенастраиваемый (о производстве)
form - форма; формировать, придавать форму
fuel — топливо
fuel consumption — потребление топлива
ingenious - хитроумный
ingenious device — хитроумное устройство
load — груз, заряд; нагружать
must be able to move - должен быть в состоянии двигать
obtain — достигать, получать
ob tainable - достижимый
output — выход, выходная мощность, результат на выходе
overhaul — переборка двигателя
power - мощность, власть, сила
power output — выходная мощность
power plant — силовой агрегат (двигатель)
present — настоящий, существующий; подарок; представлять
problem worked at - проблема, над которой работают
properly - должным образом
ratio — соотношение
run smoothly and properly — работать ровно и надежно (о двигателе) run (ran, run) — работать (о двигателе); бежать
smoothly — устойчиво, ровно, гладко
specific — удельный; специфический, определенный
start — начало, новшество; начинать; старт
supercharging - супернаддув
three-way catalyst — 3-канальный (3-уровневый) катализатор
thrust — сила тяги, тяга
turbocharging — турбонаддув
valve timing – переменная cинхронизация работы клапанов
Lesson 7. THE DIESEL ENGINE
1. Подберите правильный перевод
distinguish ignition space
invent pressure investigate
bear liquid clatter
feed apply accustom
ignite purpose reduce
пространство различать зажигание
исследовать изобретать давление
стучать нести жидкость
привыкать подавать применять
сокращать зажигать цель
2. Переведите следующие словосочетания
the engine that his name, ignition system, to be fed with electricity, the operation performed, warm-up period
3. Перечитайте и переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы
Text 7. THE DIESEL ENGINE
In 1890s, Rudolf Diesel, a German, invented the engine that bears his name. As distinguished from gasoline engines diesels have no ignition system fed with electricity. The fuel is ignited simply by contact with very hot air in the cylinder.
The operation performed is like this: when taken in the cylinder the air is highlycompressed, the temperature rises so the heated fuel-air mixture burns. The higher the pressure, the higher the temperature. Besides the compressed mixture produced more power than that uncompressed.
Diesel engines power many of the used vehicles and other equipment. They are usually used in cases where engine weight is not a prime factor. Their advantage is that they are simple in design and use much heavier liquid fuels than gasoline engines. The cost of a heavier fuel is much less than that of a light one. Besides the fuel consumption of a diesel is much less than that of gasoline engines.
Although applied for many purposes diesel engines have certain disadvantaging. Their weight is more than that of a gasoline engine of the same power and it occupies much space. The disadvantages of diesels as passenger-car engines are slow performance, noise and smoke.
All the companies investigating diesels are trying to reduce noise and smoke, but the problems are not yet entirely solved. Diesel engines clatter when started on a cold morning. And the warm-up period for all diesels seems too long to drivers accustomed to gasoline models.
Who invented diesel engine?
Do diesel engines have ignition system fed with electricity?
How is the fuel ignited in the diesel engine?
What is the operation performed?
Do diesel engines power most of vehicles and other equipment?
What is the advantage of diesel engines?
What are disadvantages of diesels as passenger-car engines?
Are the companies trying to reduce noise and smoke of diesel engines?
4. Заполните пропуски в предложениях в соответствии с содержанием текста и переведите предложения.
The fuel is______ simply by contact with very hot____ in the cylinder.
The operation performed is like this: when taken in the cylinder the air is highly the temperature so the heated fuel-air mixture_________________
Diesel engines ___________ most of the used vehicles and other equipment.
Their __________ is that they are simple in ___________and use much heavier liquid fuels than gasoline engines.
The _____________ of diesels as ___________ engines are slow performance, noise and smoke.
All the companies ___________ diesels are trying to reduce noise and smoke, but the problems are not yet __________solved.
СЛОВАРЬ К УРОКУ 7
Слова, словосочетания и специальные термины
accustom - привыкать
apply — применять
bear (bore, born) — нести груз, выдерживать нагрузку
bearing — подшипник; опора
clatter — стучать (о двигателе и. т.п.)
distinguish — различать, выделять из других
engine that bears his name — двигатель, который носит его имя
entire —весь, полный, всеобъемлющий
entirely — полностью, целиком
fed (to be fed) with electricity - питаться от электричества
feed — подавать, питать
heat — нагрев, тепло; нагревать
ignite — зажигать, воспламенять
igniter — воспламенитель, запал
ignition — зажигание, замок зажигания
ignition system — система зажигания
invent — изобретать
invention — изобретение
inventor — изобретатель
investigate — исследовать
liquid — жидкость
operation performed — выполненная работа (операция)
power — сила, мощность, власть; приводить в действие
pressure — давление
purpose — цель, стремление
purposeful — целесообразный, специально созданный
purposeless — нецелесообразный, бессмысленный
reduce — сокращать, уменьшать
sрасе — пространство
take (took, taken) — брать, захватывать
unbearable — невыносимый
unbearably - невыносимо
warm-up period — время прогрева (двигателя)
weight — вес; весить
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