Structure of the processor
The processor consists of a 1_____, which is a circuit board on which are mounted 2_____ chips, memory chips, and other components linked together by 3_____ lines or channels in the form of control, address, and data 4_____. In addition, a processor has 5_____, which are electronic circuits providing specialized functions such as graphics, or which connect a system board to 6_____. The system board also consists of electronic devices, such as an electronic 7_____
for controlling the speed of operation; 8_____, which store numeric data, during the course of processing; and various 9_____, including sequence control register, address register, and function register.
adaptor boards,
| registers,
| microprocessor,
| clock,
| сonductive,
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system board,
| accumulators,
| input or output devices,
| buses
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(O. E. C.)
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Упражнение 19. Используя информацию текста и диаграмму (стр. 21), подберите определения или объяснения (правая колонка) данным терми - нам (левая колонка):
A processor consists of many different electronic circuits and devices for performing control functions, arithmetic and logic operations, and data
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| Input
| devices
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| Output
| devices
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| Connecting
| cable
| Input port
| Connecting
| cable
| Output port
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| Peripheral
| bus
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| Peripheral
| bus
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| Read only
| memory
| chip(ROM)
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| Random
| access
| memorychip(RAM)
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| Control bus
| Address bus
| Data bus
| Clock
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MicroprocessorChip
| Arithmetic-
| logic unit
| Registers
| Accumulators
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transfers. Data may be transferred from backing storage to the internal memory or from the internal memory to the arithmetic unit by means of conductive channels known as buses. The part of the processor which controls data transfers between the various input and output devices is called the control unit.
1microprocessor chip
| aused to send address details between the
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| memory and the address register;
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2registers
| bconsists of an arithmetic-logic unit, one or more
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| working registers to store data being processed,
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| and accumulators for storing the results of
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| calculation;
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3accumulators
| ca group of signal lines used to transmit data in
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| parallel from one element of a computer to
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| another;
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4control bus
| dgroups of bi-stable devices used to store
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| information in a computer system for high-
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| speed access;
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5address bus
| ean electronic circuit, usually a quartz crystal,
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| that generates electronic pulses at fixed time
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| intervals to control the timing of all operations
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6data bus
| f
| in the processor;
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used for storing part of the operating system
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| and application software known as ‘firmware’;
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| can only be read: cannot be written to or altered
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| in any way;
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7clock
| gused to store numeric data during processing;
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8RAM
| ha group of signal lines dedicated to the passing
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9ROM
| i
| of control signals;
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used for the temporary storage of application;
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| programs and data; can be written to and read
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| from.
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(O.E.C.)
Упражнение 20. Представьте себе, что Вы приглашены на урок информатики в старшем классе средней школы. Вам нужно объяснить уча - щимся, что такое процессор, из чего он состоит и какие функции выполня - ет. Будьте готовы ответить на возможные вопросы.
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| 3.
| ПАМЯТЬ
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| Units and Types of Memory
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| Active Vocabulary
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to advertise
| consequence
| to facilitate
| to precede
|
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advertisement
| consequent
| facility
| precedence
|
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ad
| consequently
| item
| precedent
|
|
alloy
| to consider
| to reduce
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to locate
|
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| considerable
| reduction
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to base (on, upon)
|
| location
|
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|
basis (pl. bases)
| content
| magnet
| relevant
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|
basic
| to continue
| magnetic
| irrelevant
|
|
capacity
| continuation
| medium (pl. media)
| to respect
|
|
continuous
|
|
|
| multimedia
| respectable
|
|
close
| to dedicate
| mass media
| respectively
|
|
closely
| dedicated
|
| vast
|
|
compartment
| to extend
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| extensible
|
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|
| extension
|
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|
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| extensive
|
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| Упражнение 21.Выберите правильный перевод:
|
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| а) capacity
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1)
| объем,
| 2)
| обслуживание,
| 3)
| способность,
| 4) положение;
|
| b) facility
|
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1)
| объем,
| 2)
| обслуживание,
| 3)
| способность,
| 4) положение;
|
| c) location
|
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1)
| объем,
| 2)
| обслуживание,
| 3)
| способность,
| 4) положение;
|
| d) to reduce
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1) продолжать,
| 2)
| сокращать,
| 3)
| рассматривать,
| 4)рекламировать;
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e) to advertise
|
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1) продолжать,
| 2)
| сокращать,
| 3)
| рассматривать,
| 4)
| рекламировать;
|
f) to continue
|
|
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|
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|
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1) продолжать,
| 2)
| сокращать,
| 3)
| рассматривать,
| 4)
| рекламировать;
|
g) relevant
|
|
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1) значительный,
| 2) последующий,
| 3)
| уместный,
| 4) обширный;
|
h) extensive
|
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|
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1) значительный,
| 2) последующий,
| 3)
| уместный,
| 4) обширный;
|
i) to respect
|
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|
|
|
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|
1) продолжать,
| 2)
| уважать,
| 3)
| рассматривать,
| 4)
| рекламировать;
|
j) to precede
1) предшествовать, 2) сокращать, 3) рассматривать, 4) рекламировать.
Упражнение 22. C лову из левого столбика подберите перевод из правого столбика:
a) to precede
| 1)
| реклама
|
b) to extend
| 2) расширять
|
c) continuation
| 3)
| рассматривать
|
d) advertisement
| 4)
| последствие
|
e) to respect
| 5)
| способствовать
|
f) consequence
| 6) продолжение
|
g) to consider
| 7)
| объем
|
h) irrelevant
| 8)
| предшествовать
|
i) to facilitate
| 9)
| уважать
|
j) capacity
| 10) несоответствующий
|
Упражнение 23.
a) Прочитайте словосочетания и переведите их:
the binary representation of characters; punctuation marks;
the storage capacity of disks;
the internal storage locations of a computer; primary memory;
a series of tiny compartments.
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b) Прочитайте текст и выпишите термины. Объясните выделенные слова и словосочетания:
Units of Memory
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