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Look at the examples of the present perfect and past simple. Translate the sentences.
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¾ Consumers have benefited greatly from advances in food production.
¾ In recent years, Unilever has cut its workforce by 33,000.
¾ Has the price of soft drinks fallen recently?
¾ The price of energy rose by 15 per cent last year, but it hasn’t risen in the last 12 months.
¾ A year ago, the price of oil was $32 a barrel; now it has reached $52 a barrel.
Choose the correct option in italics to complete the rules.
1. We form the present perfect by using the past participle of the verb with has or have / no auxiliary verb
2. We form present perfect questions with has or have / do or does.
3. We form the present perfect negative by using hasn’t or haven’t / didn’t.
4. We use the present perfect / the past simple to talk about things that happened at a specific time in the past
5. We use the present perfect / the past simple to talk about recent events and events that affect the present situation.
Complete the sentences.
1. The cost-plus method of pricing: ‘You calculate what it costs to __________ an item and then you add the ________ _________ you’d like to have.’
2. Another method: ‘Find out what your ________ are ready to ________ on that product.’
3. A third way: ‘Look at the _______’.
4. Before setting a price, companies should ask two questions: Who are the ________ ________?
5. What kind of _______ or _________ are we _________?
6. You shouldn’t develop a product and then say: ‘Ok, now let’s _______ _______ ________ _________.’
3) Choose the correct words:
1) The sun set/set up at 6:30 yesterday.
2) I'm planning to set/set up a new business, selling holidays abroad.
3) If you run/run out of money, you may have to ask the bank for alone.
4) Many people leave their jobs to run/run out their own business.
5) We sold/sold out 50 tickets for the show cruise tomorrow night.
6) I wanted a ticket for the cruise, but they were sold/sold out.
7) The market for luxury cruises is growing/growing up.
8) Tom's children are growing/growing up.They are now 12 and 14 years old.
9) It took 20 years to build/build up the business to a chain of supermarkets.
10) It took six months to build/build up the new block for our regional offices.
4) Choose the correct time preposition:
a) The guarantee is valid until/ for/by three years.
b) The warranty runs out within/in/until September.
c) It’s due for renewal at/on/in the beginning of the month.
d) We must have that part on/by/in next Friday.
e) The guarantee runs for/until/in next June.
f) If the machine breaks down on/during/for the guarantee period, we offer an immediate replacement.
g) We usually take on extra fitters on/until/at peak times.
REFERENCES:
Adapted from Intelligent Business by Christine Johnson,p.85.
Unit 4. Success. Passion into profit.
Vocabulary.
Bankrupt - банкрот
Business plan - бизнес-план
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Company - компания
Competition - соревнование
Demand - спрос
Distribution - распределение
Entrepreneur - предприниматель
Finance - финансы
Loss - убытки
Market share – доля рынка
Profit - прибыль
Start-up - компания, недавно появившаяся на рынке, пуск в эксплуатацию
A start-up is a new business. Many people decide to start up their own business because they have what they think is a good business idea and they want to become entrepreneurs. But it is important to prepare a good business plan before you start. You need to know if there is a demand for the products or services you want to offer. If you can finance the operation, find customers and beat the competition, you have a good chance of making a profit. Then you can call your business a success.
To begin with, of course, a successful company has to make a profit. That means that it has to keep costs as low as possible – the cost of manufacturing, for example. Secondly you need to make big sales so there has to be a demand for your products. And of course, you want to be competitive. If your competitor brings out a better product, you can lose customers. The most successful companies control the market. That means they have a bigger percentage of sales and a bigger market share than their competitors. Their product is market leader. It sells more than any other product in that sector. Another factor for success is growth. No company wants to stand still. Successful companies are always finding new markets and new opportunities to grow.
Well the first step, of course, is to develop a new product idea. Many people decide to start a business because they have a good idea. But you have to remember that about 80 per cent of new business ideas fail. Usually it is because people don’t understand the market. So the second step is to conduct market research. Your business. We wanted to find a firm that could become market leader in a short time. So, our decision was to make an offer for Annie’s Kitchen. This firm had financial difficulties and its owner was ready to accept a low offer from us. Because we are a big company, we were able to deal with the company’s financial problems. We paid for a new factory and put money into improving production. So Annie’s Kitchen started to make a profit. The owner stayed on as the company’s managing director. This worked out very well. Annie’s Kitchen is now second in the market with a 32 per cent share. We hope that we will soon be number one!
Answer the questions according to the text:
1. What can companies do to make more profit?
2. What happens if a competitor brings out a better product?
3. What does it mean when you say that ‘no company wants to stay still?
4. What makes a successful company?
5. What is it important before you start up?
Exercises:
1) Which location is best for each of the business activities 1-5? Choose from the list a-e.
1) bank a)at an airport
2) big supermarket b)near the sea
3) petrol station c)in a town center
4) duty-free shop d)out of town
5) ship-building e) beside a motorway
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