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Изучите данный грамматический материал и выполните упражнения.
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Сальникова Марина Велловна
Настоящее простое время (Present Simple)
Present Simple используется в тех случаях, когда речь идёт о постоянных или регулярно повторяющихся действиях в настоящем. Например:
I usually drink coffee in the morning. По утрам я обычно пью кофе. My dad always watches the news in the evening. Вечером мой папа всегда смотрит новости. We live in Moskovskaya street. Мы живём на Московской улице.
| I work | I like | I wat ch | I d o | I have |
| you work | you like | you wat ch | you d o | you have |
| hе works | he likes | he wat ch es | he d o es | he has |
| she works | she likes | she wat ch es | she d o es | she has |
| it works | it likes | it wat ch es | it d o es | it has |
| we work | we like | we wat ch | we d o | we have |
| you work | you like | you wat ch | you d o | you have |
| they work | they like | they wat ch | they d o | they have |
Утвердительная форма Present Simple совпадает с неопределённой формой глагола, употреблённой без частицы to во всех лицах и числах, кроме 3-го лица единственного числа, когда глагол принимает окончание –s / –es.
§ I work in a shop. My brother works in a bank.
§ Linda lives in London. Her parents live in Scotland.
§ It rains a lot in winter.
§ I have breakfast at 8 o’clock. My sister has breakfast at 9 o’clock.
Необходимо помнить следующие правила правописания и произношения окончания:
1. Если глаголы оканчиваются на шипящие или свистящие согласные (–s / –ch / –sh / –x) или на –о, то в 3-м лице единственном числе к ним прибавляется окончание –es:
I dress – she dress es,I watch – he watch es, I do – she do es,I go – he go es etc.
2. Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на –y с предшествующей согласной, в 3-м лице единственного числа меняют –y на –ie перед окончанием–s:
I carry – he carr ies, I hurry – she hurr ies, etc.
3. Если конечной букве –y предшествует гласная, то –y не изменяется перед окончанием –s:
I pla y – he pla y s, we sta y – he sta y s etc.
Предложения в Present Simple обычно содержат такие характерные для этого времени слова или словосочетания, как every day (morning / week / year) – каждый день (утро, неделю, год), in the morning (afternoon, evening) – утром (днём, вечером), at night (ночью, по ночам), usually – обычно, seldom – редко, always – всегда, never никогда, sometimes – иногда etc.
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§ Sue always arrives at work early.
§ I usually go to work by car but sometimes I walk.
§ Julia never eats breakfast.
§ Tom lives near us. We often see him.
1. Напишите окончание -s или -es.
1. (read) she reads
2. (think) he............
3. (fly) it ………..
4. (dance) he...……..
5. (have) she ……...
6. (finish) it ….……..
2. Заполните предложения, используя данные глаголы.
boil
close
cost
like
like
meet
open
speak
teach
wash
cost
1. Margaret speaks four languages.
2. In Britain the banks usually … at 5 o’clock in the evening.
3. The City Museum … at 5 o’clock in the evening.
4. Tina is a teacher. She... mathematics to young children.
5. My job is very interesting. I … a lot of people.
6. Peter … his hair twice a week.
7. Food is expensive. It … a lot of money.
8. Shoes are expensive. They … a lot of money.
9. Water … at 100 degrees Celsius.
10. Julia and I are good friends. I … her and she … me.
3. Составьте предложения из слов, используя правильную форму глагола.
1. (always / early / Sue / arrive) Sue always arrives early.
2. (basketball / I / play / often) ……………………………
3. (work / Margaret / hard /usually) ………………………
4. (Jenny / always / nice clothes / wear) …………………
5. (dinner / we / have / always / at 7.30) …………………
6. (television / Tim / watch /never) ………………………
7. (like / chocolate / children /usually) ……………………
8. (Julia / parties/ enjoy /always) …………………………
4. Напишите предложения о себе, используя always / never / often / sometimes / usually.
1. (watch television) I never watch television. (I usually watch television).
2. (read in bed) ……………………………………….……
3. (get up before 7 o’clock) ……………………………..…
4. (go to work/school by bus) ………………………...……
5. (drink coffee) ……………………………………………
Отрицательная форма глагола в настоящем простом времени
(Present Simple negative)
Отрицательные предложения в Present Simple образуются и помощи вспомогательного глагола do / does и частицы not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола перед смысловым. Обратите внимание на то, что если в предложении используется вспомогательный глагол does, то в смысловом глаголе окончание –s / –es отсутствует.
| positive | Negative | |
| long form | short form | |
| I work we work you work they work | I do not work we do not work you do not work they do not work | I don’t work wedon’t work you don’t work they don’t work |
| he works she works it works | he does not work she does not work it does not work | he doesn’t work she doesn’t work it doesn’t work |
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§ I drink coffee but I don’t drink tea.
§ Sue drinks tea but she doesn’t drink coffee.
§ You don’t work very hard.
§ We don’t watch television very often.
§ The weather is usually nice. It doesn’t rain very often.
§ Gerry and Linda don’t know many people.
1. Напишите предложения в отрицательной форме.
1. I play the piano very well. I don’t play the piano very well.
2. Jane plays the piano very well. ……………………
3. They know my phone number. ……………………
4. We work very hard. ……………………
5. Не has a bath very well. ……………………
6. You do the same thing every day. ……………………
2. Напишите предложения о себе, используя I never …/ I often …/ I don’t … very often.
1. (watch TV) I don’t watch TV very often. (I never … / I often …)
2. (go to the theatre) ………………………………………
3. (ride a bicycle) ……………………….…………………
4. (eat in a restaurant) ………………….………………….
5. (travel by train) …………………………………………
Вопросительная форма глагола в настоящем простом времени
(Present Simple questions)
Вопросительные предложения в Present Simple образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола do или does (для 3-го лица единственного числа), который ставится перед подлежащим и смыслового глагола в первой форме, который ставится после подлежащего.
| positive | Question |
| I work we work you work they work | doIwork? dowework? do youwork? dothey work? |
| he works she works it works | doeshe work? doesshe work? doesit work? |
§ Do you work in the evening?
§ Do your friends live near here?
§ Does Chris play tennis?
§ Where do your parents live?
§ How often do you wash your hair?
§ What does this word mean?
§ How much does it cost to fly to Rome?
Краткий ответ
| Positive | Negative |
| Yes, I do. Yes, you do. Yes, we do. Yes, you do. Yes, they do. | No, I don’t. No, youdon’t. No, we don’t. No, you don’t. No, they don’t. |
| Yes, he does. Yes, she does. Yes, it does. | No, he doesn’t. No, she doesn’t. No, itdoesn’t. |
§ “ Do you play tennis?” “No, I don’t. ”
§ “ Do your parents speak English?” “Yes, they do. ”
§ “ Does George work hard?” “Yes, he does. ”
§ “ Does your sister live in London.” “No, she doesn’t. ”
1. Прочитайте, переведите и выучите наизусть следующие диалоги.
Do You Live in This Town?
A: Do you live in this town?
B: Yes, I do I live in the centre.
A: I live in the centre, too. I’ve lived here only for two months. I don’t know my neighbours.
B: I live in Green Street.
A: That’s funny! I live in Green Street, too.
B: I live in number 16.
A: I live in number 16, too! So we are neighbours!
What Time Do You Go to Bed?
A: You look a bit tired. Are you all right?
B: I’m not sleeping.
A: Do you usually sleep well?
B: I’ve always slept well, till lately.
A: What about your appetite?
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B: I always eat well, and never have any trouble.
A: What time do you go to bed? And what time do you get up?
B: As a rule I go to bed at ten and get up at eight.
A: I think you sleep too much!
2. Напишите вопросы с Do…? и Does…?
1. I like chocolate. And you? Do you like chocolate?
2. I play tennis. And you?
3. Tom plays tennis. And Ann?
4. You live near here. And your friends?
5. You speak English. And your father?
6. I do exercises every morning. And you?
7. Sue often goes away. And Paul?
8. I want to be famous. And you?
9. You work hard. And Linda?
3. Напишите краткие ответы.
1. Do you watch TV a lot? No, I don’t. OR Yes, I do.
2. Do you live in a big city? …………………………..
3. Do you often ride a bicycle? …………………………..
4. Does it rain a lot where you live? ……..………………..
5. Do you play the piano? ……………….…………..
5. Прочитайте текст.
Ships of the desert
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| The dromedary | The Bactrian |
Perhaps they aren’t the most beautiful animals in the world but in the hot lands of North Africa ant the Middle East they are certainly one of the most useful. But how much do you know about camels?
Camels normally live for about 40 years – but they usually stop working when they are about 25 Camels don’t normally like running – it’s too hot – but when they need to, they can run at 20 kilometres an hour. The dromedary /′drɒm(ə)dərɪ / (одногорбый верблюд), or Arabian camel has one hump. The bactrian /′bæktrɪən/ (двугорбый верблюд), or Asian camel has longer hair and has got two humps. There are about 14 million camels in the world, and most of them are dromedaries.
An adult camel is about 2.1 metres tall and weighs about 500 kilograms. Camels can walk for more than 600 kilometres without drinking. They only need to drink water every six or eight days. But when there is water, they can drink up to 90 litres
6. Напишите вопросы к следующим ответам.
1. How long do camels live? For about 40 years.
2. How …? About 20 kilometrеs an hour.
3. How …? One.
4. How …? 14 million.
5. How …? 2.1 metres.
6. How…? About 500 kilograms.
7. How …? More than 600 kilometres.
8. How …? Every six or eight days.
9. How …? Up to 90 litres.
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