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The Role of the Market in the Economy
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ДЕЛОВОЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ № 3
ВАРИАНТ № 1
1. Вставьте правильный ответ.
1. If business correspondence is addressed to the company, the form of addressing is …
a Dear Sir b Dear Sirs c Dear Madam
2. The complimentary closing phrase to the opening salutation “Dear Sir(s)” is …
a Yours faithfully b Yours sincerely c Yours very sincerely
3. The useful phrase for a letter of apology is …
a We are extremely sorry that …
b I am very grateful to you for …
c Please accept my sincerely regrets …
4. When you have already disturbed a person you can use the phrase …
a Excuse me b Sorry c Please
5. The proper answer for the phrase “Would it be too much to ask you to arrange everything?’ is …
a Well b No trouble at all c No, thank you
6. When you phone the boss who is out, his or her secretary ask you …
a to take a message b to wait for the boss c to leave a message
7. If you go for …, someone asks you questions to find out whether you are suitable for a job.
a a meeting b applying for a job c an interview
8. A … is the money that someone is paid each month by their employer, especially when they are in a profession such as teaching, law, or medicine.
a salary b bonus c income
9. If you want to order a ticket or a room in the hotel, you say, “I would like to … aroom/ ticket”.
a rent b buy c reserve
10. – Look, I’ve just tried to get hold of Mr Harper by dialing his … direct but there’s no reply.
a number b extension c office
2. Употребите данные в скобках слова в правильной лексико-грамматической форме, соответствующей содержанию текста. Переведите текст
The Nation’s Economy
Economists study different sides of the economy in different ways, they may show how one product market____________ (operate), or the way one group of the consumers decides how to spend money.
Microeconomics____ (be) the part of economics that analyses specific data affecting an economy.
Macroeconomists use various methods to measure the performance of the economy. Statistics measure gross national product, or GNP, which is the value of all goods and services______________ (produce) for sale during one year. All the goods and services must __________ (count) and their value determined.
In the United States, the Department of Commerce computes GNP. Information _________ (collect) for every good and service produced in the nation during a year, but not everything ___________ (count).
Spending for products__________ (fall) into four categorie s. The _______
(one) and the __________(large), consumer spending, includes all expenditures of individuals for final goods and services. Called __________ (person) consumption expenditures, this category accounts for about 65 per cent of GNP.
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3. Выберите правильный вариант ответа, соответствующий значению слова. Переведите полученное предложение
Salary is: a) regular compensation received by an employee as a condition of
employment;
b) the amount of money that you must pay in order to buy something.
Profit is: a) output or end result of production process;
b) positive difference that results from selling products and services for
more than the cost of producing these goods.
Insurance is: a) an arrangement with a company in which you pay them money
each year, and they pay the costs if anything bad happens to you;
b) a confidence that everything will be fine and excellent.
Net is: a) the amount of money that remains after all relevant deductions has been
made from the gross amount;
b) delay granted in the repayment of a debt or in the fulfilment of another
legal obligation.
Entrepreneur is: a) legal form under which property is owned;
b) individual who initiates business activity, arranges business deals, and
takes risks in order to make a profit.
ВАРИАНТ № 2
1. Вставьте правильный ответ.
1. When the correspondent is unknown to you and may be either a man or a woman, always use the form …
a Dear Sir b Dear Mister c Dear Gentleman
2. The complimentary closing phrase to the opening salutation “Dear Mr Brown” is…
a Yours faithfully b Yours truly c Yours sincerely
3. The useful phrase for accepting the invitation …
a Permit me to congratulate you on …
b We are sincerely happy to join you …
c I am very grateful to you for your hospitality.
4. The proper answer to the formal phrase “How do you do?” is …
a Good morning. b I’m glad to meet you. c How do you do?
5. The proper answer for the phrase “Pass me the matches, please” is …
a Here you are b Please c Take them
6. If you don’t understand the name of the other person, say …
a Your name, please b Repeat your name c Spell your name, please
7. A … is a person who gives you a letter of recommendation, for example when you are applying for a job.
a employer b referee c staff manager
8. A … is a large sum of money that a company gives to an employee when he or she leaves, as a reward for long service or good work.
a salary b golden handshake c income
9. If you are ill and can’t work for a period of time, you employ a …
a sick leave b vacation c day off
10. - Sorry, Ann isn’t available at the moment. Can I give her a …?
a message b information c number
2. Употребите данные в скобках слова в правильной лексико-грамматической форме, соответствующей содержанию текста. Переведите текст
Income and Spending
People’s incomes determine how many of the economy’s goods and services they can purchase. Income is the money a person _________ (receive) in exchange for work or property. There __________ (be) five basic types of income:
1. Employee compensation is the income earned by ___________ (work) for others. It ___________ (include) wages and fringe benefits such as health and accident insurance.
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2. Proprietor compensation is the income that self-employed people earn.
3. Corporation profit is the income corporations_________ (leave) after paying all the expenses.
4. Interests is the money received by people and corporations for depositing their money in savings account or lending it to others.
5. Rent is income from _______ (allow) others to use one’s property temporarily.
The total income is the sum of employee and proprietor compensation, corporation profit, interest and rent. In each category, people receive this income in return for _________ (provide) goods and services.
One other type of income is a transfer payment – money one person or group _________ (give) to another, though the receiver _ ________ (not provide) a specific good and service. Gifts, inheritances and aid to the poor ________ (be) three examples of transfer payments.
3. Выберите правильный вариант ответа, соответствующий значению слова. Переведите полученное предложение
Marketing is: a) process associated with promoting for sale goods or services;
b) commitment to buy a producer’s goods.
Accountant is: a) a written or spoken description, which gives details of an event;
b) a person who works in the field of accounting.
Revenue is: a) money that you keep in a bank;
b) amount received for performing a service or sales from a business.
Monopoly is: a) control of the production and distribution of a product or service
by one firm or group of firms acting in concert;
b) an organization which has much control in every sphere of people’s life.
Currency is: a) the system or type of money that a particular country uses;
b) a means of exchange.
ВАРИАНТ № 3
1. Вставьте правильный ответ.
1. If you don’t know which of the company’s officers will deal with your letter, you should address it to …
a “The manager” b “CEO” c “The Secretary”
2. The informal complimentary closing of the business letter used between people who know each other is …
a Yours faithfully b Yours sincerely c Yours lovely
3. When information comes to hand after the business letter has been completed you should use the abbreviation …
a Enc. b P.S. c Ref.
4. The proper phrase for greeting an unknown person is …
a Nice to meet you b Nice to see you c Happy to see you
5. The proper answer for the phrase “Thank you for your hospitality” is …
a Yes, please b Of course c You are welcome
6. When you phone the boss who is out, you ask his or her secretary …
a to take a message b to leave a message c to answer the question
7. A … is a letter that is written by someone who knows you and which describes your character and abilities.
a curriculum vitae b cover letter c reference
8. A … is a person or service that helps professional people to find work by introducing them to potential employers.
a headhunter b HR-specialist c referee
9. A large hall in the airport where passengers can wait for their flight.
a waiting room b lounge c flight hall
10. – Could I speak to Mr Peterson, please? - … for a moment.
a wait b put through c hang on
2. Употребите данные в скобках слова в правильной лексико-грамматической форме, соответствующей содержанию текста. Переведите текст
The Role of the Market in the Economy
In most countries now the market _________ (play) a central role in __________ (determine) what gets produced, how and for whom. We can think of markets as particular places where some people bring goods to sell and others come to buy, for example, produce market in many cities.
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Prices of goods and resources such as labour, machines and land change to ensure that the _______ (limit) supplies of resources _________ (use) to produce those goods and services that society ______ (demand).
Much of economics _________(devote) to studying how markets and prices enable society to solve the basic what, how and for whom problems. You can get a feeling of how markets and prices work by __________ (think) of your typical daily purchases.
Suppose that you buy a hamburger for lunch at a fast-food restaurant. What do the market and prices have to do with that?
There _____ (be) first your side of the deal. Given your desire to eat and your limited resources, the low price of a hamburger ________ (tell) you this was a good way to satisfy your appetite. Probably you prefer steak, but that _______ (have) a higher price. The price is high enough to ensure that society answers the question about lunchtime steaks in favor of someone else.
3. Выберите правильный вариант ответа, соответствующий значению слова. Переведите полученное предложение
Royalties are: a)payments made to authors, musicians and so on, who are given
a fixed percentage of the profits made from their books or records;
b)the amount of money that is regularly paid to a person for a particular
type of work.
Fee is: a) the sum of money you pay to be allowed to do something (registration);
b) thesum of money that you take for a long time.
Value is: a)the amount of money that something is worth;
b)to think that something is important to you.
Lend means: a)to borrow some money from somebody;
b) to give some money to someone.
Security is: a)collateral offered by a debtor to a lender to secure a loan;
b)the exchange of money from one person to another in a group or society.
ВАРИАНТ № 4
1. Вставьте правильный ответ.
1. If business correspondence’s address is unknown, it may be sent to an organization. In these cases, you can write the words …
a For b Care of c References
2. The standard form (formal) of the complementary closing is …
a Yours faithfully b Yours sincerely c Yours truly
3. If you can use the names and telephone numbers of your previous employers, it should be clearly indicated by typing the abbreviation …
a Enc. b PS c Ref.
4. British people never say “…” greeting other people.
a Good day b Good afternoon c Good evening
5. The proper answer for the phrase “Won’t you have a cup of tea?” is …
a Yes, thank you. b Yes, please. c No, please.
6. If you don’t understand or hear the other person properly, say …
a Please, repeat. b I’m sorry? c Repeat!
7. When you want to apply for a job you should send your letter of application or in other words …
a covering letter b CV c resumé
8. If you … people for an organization, you select them and persuade them to join it or work for it.
a hire b employ c recruit
9. A set of rooms in a hotel intended for the use of one person or party.
a suite b double room c hall
10. – I can’t hear you, I’m afraid. It’s a bad …
a number b line c tone
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