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Give the English equivalents.
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Unit 3
EDUCATION
1.Read and give Russian equivalents for these international words:
progress, transformation, nature, problem, extremely, energy, platform, control, arctic, atom, navigation, automation, industry, stage, mechanization, machine, mechanism, operation, process, accurate, regulate, operator, industrial.
2. Translate into Russian paying attention to the suffixes:
a) usually, badly, readily, correctly, finally, easily, really, greatly, mostly, highly, exactly, freely, possibly, widely, simply;
b) cloudy, sunny, rainy, windy, watery, snowy, chalky, grassy;
c) excellent, different, convenient, important, dependent.
Compare the following sentences and translate them into Russian.
1. a) Every day he tells us something interesting. b) He is told something interesting.
2. a) She visited her friends. b) She was visited by her friends.
3. a) I will give her an interesting book. b) She will be given an interesting book.
4. a) I often send letters to my friends. b) I am often sent to the south.
5. a) I invited my friends to the party. b) My friends were invited to the party.
6. a) We will pass exams next week. b) The exams will be passed next week.
Say the following in English, using Active or Passive constructions.
a) Я рассказал. Мне рассказали.
Я покажу. Мне покажут.
Мы спрашиваем. Нас спрашивают.
Он помог. Ему помогли.
Он забыл. Его забыли.
Мы строим. Дома строят.
Мы едим. Хлеб едят.
Мы делаем. Работу делают.
Oна играет. В теннис играют.
b) Мне рассказали. Мне рассказывают. Мне расскажут.
Нас спросили Hac спрашивают. Нас спросят.
Им дали. Им дают. Им дадут.
Его забыли. Его забывают. Его забудут.
Нас пригласили. Нас приглашают. Нас пригласят.
5. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Passive Voice.
l. The students are asked many questions. 2. He was told an interesting story. 3. She was visited by her friends. 4. I’ll be given a good book. 5. They will be shown a new film tomorrow. 6. The students are examined in room 21. 7. At the Institute the students are taught many different subjects. 8. The academic year is divided into two terms. 9. This road was built last year. 10. The telegram will be sent tomorrow. 11.This building will be completed very soon. 12. The new grammar rule will be asked at the next lesson. 13. The positive particle in the nucleus was given the name of the "proton". 14. Where are these materials used? 15. The books were taken
from the central library.16. An interesting problem was discussed at the lecture. 17. When was this University founded? 18. All the work will be done by automatic machinery. 19. Much time is devoted to the study of the new method. 20. The experiments will be completed by the end of the week. 21. A lot of problems were discussed at the conference.
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Open the brackets and put in the proper form in Passive Voice.
1. Bread (to eat) every day. 2. The letter (to receive) yesterday. 3. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 4. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday. 5. I (to give) a very interesting book last Friday. 6. Many houses (to build) in our city every year. 7. This work (to do) tomorrow. 8. These trees (to plant) last autumn. 9. Many interesting games always (to play) at our lesson. 10. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow. 11. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday. 12. Hockey (to play) in winter. 13. His new book (to finish) next year. 14. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets.
Say the following in English.
1. Вам звонят. 2. Его ожидают в 3 часа. 3. Когда был построен этот дом? 4. Eму показали дорогу к музею. 5. Мне рассказали об этом вчера. 6. Нашим студентам задают много домашней работы. 7. Здесь будет построена новая библиотека. 8. Об этом фильме много говорят.
9. Лекции профессора Иванова слушают с интересом.10. Вам помогут.
8. Transform the statements according to the model:
Model: Shakespeare wrote a number of plays between 1589 and 1613. A number of plays were written by Shakespeare between 1589 and 1613.
1. Many people send greeting cards on holidays. 2. The United States bought Alaska about a century ago. 3. When I was a child my grandmother usually woke me up early in the morning. 4. Most people receive presents on their birthdays. 5. Soon the children will hang colored balls and flags on the Christmas tree. 6. Americans eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day.
9.Transform the questions according to the model:
Model: What words do people usually use to express gratitude?
What words are usually used to express gratitude?
1. Do people speak different languages in different regions of your country?
2. When do people receive gifts in your country?
3. Should a person write a "thank-you" letter nowadays?
4. What holidays do people celebrate in your country?
5. What songs did people sing when you were a child?
Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the verbs with prepositions.
To look at – смотреть на кого-л to look for- искать кого-л
To look through – просматривать to wait for -ждать кого-л
To listen to – cлушать to rely on/upon – полагаться на кого-л
To speak to smb about smth - говорить с кем-л о чем-л
To send for – посылатьзакем-л to refer to – ссылаться на что-л
To pay attention to – обращать внимание на кого-л
1. You are waited for. 2. The doctor was sent for 10 minutes ago.
3. This novel is much spoken about. 4. This article is paid a great attention to. 5. The morning newspapers are usually looked through by him at breakfast. 6. The child was looked for everywhere. 7. This book is often referred to. 8. My brother can be always relied upon. 9. We were attentively looked at. 10. The lecturer was listened to with great interest.
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Read and learn new words.
enter поступать
study учиться, учить
education образование train обучать, готовить
attend посещать science наука create создавать, творить skill умение, мастерство, навык
use = apply использовать, применять
carry out research вести, проводить исследование
branch отрасль, ветвь,
develop развивать, разрабатывать miss пропустить, не посетить
last длиться; последний; прошлый
admit допускать; принимать
graduate from (University) заканчивать
department/faculty факультет, oтделение
ensure обеспечивать, гарантировать graduate выпускник undergraduate студент старшего курса
postgraduate аспирант
secondary/ high school средняя школа
higher school высшая школа
compulsory обязательный
extramural заочный moreover кроме того
a number of некоторое количество, ряд
degree степень
advanced передовой, продвинутый
fee плата за обучение free of charge бесплатно applicant кандидат, претендент
demand потребность, спрос, нужда
teach(taught-taught) учить, обучать
get (got - got) = receive получать
complete заканчивать;полный
engage in заниматься
scholarship стипендия
Translate into Russian.
| a) to carry out research in the field of science a complete course of study to last 3 hours to graduate from the University to use modern technologies to attend lectures to develop skills to teach humanities free of charge fee-paying department international graduates high school to receive admission into college to get scholarship | advanced production technology to get education Master’s degree Bachelor’s degree a graduate paper natural sciences exact sciences to pass exams to miss hours compulsory education extramural department higher education undergraduate study graduate study living expenses |
b)1.Russian children start school at the age of six or seven. 2. Primary and secondary school consists of eleven years of classes. 3. In Russia there is a nine- year compulsory education, but to be admitted to a university one has to study two years more. 4. The right to education is ensured by the Constitution of Russia. 5. There is a number of fee-paying schools and some Universities have fee-paying departments. 6. In the late 18th century Moscow University became the center of advanced Russian science.7. International graduates from Russian Universities are now working in leading companies all over the world. 8. This young woman teaches mathematics at our University. 9. Did you receive the letter from your friend last week? 10. After graduating from the University some of the students work at the automobile plant.11. He doesn't miss practical classes. 12. Do you know how to apply this theory to practice? 13. This scientist’s advanced ideas helped us to carry out research. 14. Universities train specialists with a wide outlook. 15. The academic year always begins on the first of September and lasts for 10 months. 16. All students always take examinations at the end of each term.
13. Read and the text The Education We Have and speak on:
1. The education we get in the family.
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2. The “formal” education.
3. The education, based on everyday living.
4. The aim of education.
From the earliest days of our lives we are involved, one way or another, in some type of education. As small children, we are taught “right from wrong” by our parents. In the family we are taught our first lessons in getting along with1 others.
When we reach the school age we are enrolled in schools. Then our “formal” education begins. It is called “formal” education because things at school are taught to us which are specially programmed and arranged. After a time professional education begins. It actually goes on throughout our lifetime.
Finally, there is a third type of education that everyone undergoes in one’s lifetime. This education is based on the experiences of everyday living. This type of education is regarded by some people as the most significant. One fact remains true: the education of an individual is a never-ending process.
Education involves both learning and teaching. Sometimes, people learn by teaching themselves. But they also learn with the help of other people, such as parents or teachers. Parents are child's first and perhaps most important teachers. They teach their children attitudes, habits, and values that help shape their character and remain with them throughout life.
What students will need above all is intellectual skills. They must be trained to think. The aim, then, is clear. It is not only to teach literature, history, or philosophy, but to teach those skills that are required for living.
Notes:
1.to get along with- ладить с кем-л 2. attitude - отношение
3. habit – привычка 4. value- ценность
14. Read the text Higher education in the United States, consulting the dictionary. Answer the questions.
1. Where do American students get higher education?
2. What are admissions criteria into colleges?
3. How is the student’s progress evaluated?
4. When do the students get Bachelor’s degree?
5. What can students rely on to pay tuition?
6. How much is education in American college or university?
There is no national system of higher education in the United States. Post-secondary education in the United States is known as college or university and commonly consists of four years of study at an institution of higher learning. There are around 160 Universities and more than 2000 Colleges that offer Bachelor's Degree.
The four undergraduate grades are commonly called freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior years (alternatively called first year, second year, etc.). Students traditionally receive admission into college. Admissions criteria involve grades earned in high school courses and standardized test scores (Such as the SAT or the ACT tests).
Once admitted, students engage in undergraduate study. The student’s progress is evaluated by means of tests, term works and final examinations in each course. The student’s work is given a mark, usually on a five point scale (5-балльная система). Letters indicate the level of achievement. “A” is the highest mark. “F” denotes a failure.
The students get a traditional Bachelor’s degree in a field of concentration known as a major (профилирующий предмет). (The most common method consists of four years of study leading to a Bachelor of Science (B.S.), or sometimes another bachelor's degree such as Bachelor of Social Work (B.S.W.), Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.,) or Bachelor of Philosophy (B.Phil.) etc.
Then the student may go on to graduate school (старшие курсы) and with a year or two of further study get a Master’s degree.
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After another year or two of study and research, they may get a still higher degree as Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.
Cost. The vast majority of students (up to 70 percent) lack (не хватает) the financial resources to pay tuition (плата за обучение) up front and must rely on student loans (заём, ссуда) and scholarships from their university, the federal government, or a private lender. In 2009, average annual tuition at a public university (for residents of the state) was $7,020. Depending upon (в зависимости от) the type of school and program, annual graduate program tuition can vary from $15,000 to as high as $50,000. Note that these prices do not include living expenses (расходы) (rent, room/board, etc.) or additional fees that schools add on such as "activities fees" or health insurance (медицинская страховка)These fees, especially room and board, can range from $6,000 to $12,000 per academic year (assuming a single student without children)
Give the English equivalents.
Послешкольное образование; быть принятым в колледж; профилирующий предмет; высшее образование, посещать лекции, готовить инженеров, развивать способности, проводить исследования, последний экзамен, длиться 4 месяца, сдавать экзамены, заканчивать через 3 года, степень бакалавра, магистра, передовые идеи, бесплатно, 5- бальная система; младшие курсы; старшие курсы; плата за обучение, степень бакалавра, не хватать финансов; студенческий заём; стипендия; расходы на жизнь; дополнительная плата.
Agree or disagree.
1. The system of higher education in America works according to the national standard.
2. The course in a typical American University lasts five or six years.
3. The first year students are called freshmen.
4. The students get a traditional Bachelor’s degree after three years.
5. The student’s progress is evaluated on a 10 point scale.
6. Admission to higher education in US is free.
7. There isn’t any difference between American and Russian system of higher education. Give your arguments.
17. Read the text A University Student - At Ten.
1. Paraphrase the word-combinations in italics.
2. Do you agree that Ruth Lawrence is an infant prodigy (необыкновенно одарённая, вундеркинд)? Comment it.
Ruth Lawrence, aged 10, made history when she came a clear first out of 530 candidates who sat the entrance exam for St.Hugh’s College, Oxford.
Miss Rachel Trickett, the principal of St.Hugh’s, says taking so young a student is challenging responsibility; but they are all excited about Ruth who is quite brilliant and, no doubt, talented.
Ruth Lawrence has never been to school. Her father, a computer consultant, gave up1 his job when Ruth was 5 to educate her at home. Her mother who also works in computers, is the family breadwinner.
Harry Lawrence explains that besides mathematics, Ruth also enjoys English, history, geography, nature study and other subjects. She began to read at four and started academic subjects at 5.
Because she doesn’t go to school, Ruth has not mixed much with other children. “ She enjoys serious conversation with grown-ups ”, her father says, “And I don’t think she will feel out of place in Oxford”. He doesn’t think she works harder than other children her age, but concentrates on what she enjoys, principally mathematics. “She watches television a little but not as a habit”, he explains. “But she plays the piano and has quite a range of interests”.
Note:1. give up- оставить, отказаться
18. Read the information about St.Petersburg University and write the same about the University you study at. (You may find the necessary information in Internet)
St.Petersburg University is one of the oldest, largest and most prestigious universities in Russia.
It is made up of 22 specialized faculties, 13 research institutes, Faculty of Military Studies, Department of Physical Culture and Sports, Gorky Scientific Library, publishing house, and clinic.
32,400 full-time students
Undergraduates-26,842
Postgraduates- 5,566
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Founded by Peter the Great in 1724
The most popular faculties: General Psychology (7,7applicants for vacancy), Politics (7.3), Law (5,8)
The academic year in St. Petersburg State University starts on September 1. One lesson normally lasts 1 h 30 m (two academic hours). As in other higher education institutions in Russia, the academic year is divided into two semesters. The first semester (term) ends by late December, the second one starts in mid-February and lasts until late May. Each term is followed by a series of preliminary tests (in the last week of December/May) and exams (in January/June).
Mikhail Lomonosov was the university rector from 1758 till 1760.
Famous alumni (former students)
Among alumni are writers and poets I.S.Turgenev, N.F Nekrasov, composers M.I.Glinka, I.F.Stravinski, artists M.A. Vrubel, V.D.Polenov, politicians P.A.Stolipin, A.F.Kerensky, V.I. Ulianov-Lenin.
Among the renowned scholars of the second half of the 19th century were chemist Dmitri Mendeleev, physiologist Ivan Sechenov. On March 24, 1896,on the campus of the university Alexander Popov publicly demonstrated transmission of radio waves for the first time in history.
Both the former President, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, and the current President Dimitry Medvedev of Russia are alumni.
Eight of the graduates of the university are Nobel Prize recipients: Ivan Pavlov (Physiology and Medicine, 1904), Ilya Mechnikov (Physiology and Medicine, 1908), Nikolay Semyonov (Chemistry, 1956), Lev Landau (Physics, 1962), Aleksandr Prokhorov (Physics, 1964), Wassily Leontief (Economics, 1973), Leonid Kantorovich (Economics, 1975) and Joseph Brodsky (Literature, 1987).
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