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Прочитайте текст, устно переведите его и выполните упражнения, данные ниже.
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Контрольная работа
Вариант 1.
Задание 1.
Перепишите следующие предложения, поставив глагол в указанную видовременную форму, и переведите их.
1. By the early part of the twentieth century electromechanical machines (to develop – Past Perfect Passive) and (to use – Past Indefinite Passive) for business data processing.
~ By the early part of 20 century electromechanical machines had been developed were used for business processing.
~ В начале 20-го века электромеханические машины были разработаны были использованы для обработки бизнеса.
2. Computers (to become – Present Perfect Active) commonplace in homes, offices, schools, research institutes, plants.
~ Computers have become commonplace in homes, offices, schools, research institutes, plants.
~ Компьютеры стали обычным явлением в домах, офисах, школах, научно-исследовательских институтов, заводов.
3. Typical hardware devices (to rotate – Present Continuous Active) electromechanical devices.
~ Typical hardware devices are rotating electromechanical devices.
~ Типичные устройства аппаратные вращаются электромеханических устройств.
4. Digital video cameras (to spread – Present Perfect Passive) recently.
~ Digital video cameras have been spread recently.
~ Цифровые видеокамеры были распространены в последнее время.
5. BASIC (to become – Present Perfect Active) a very popular language in systems where many users share the use of a computer through terminals and it (to become – Present Perfect Active) a universal language for PC.
~ BASIC has become a very popular language in systems where many users share the use of a computer through terminals and it has become a universal language for PC.
~ BASIC стал очень популярным языком в системах, где многие пользователи разделяют использование компьютера через терминалы, и это стало универсальным языком для ПК.
Задание 2.
Раскройте скобки и выберите глагол в требуемом по смыслу залоге (ActiveorPassive). Переведите получившиеся предложения на русский язык.
1. Windows applications (created; were created) by the experienced programmer.
~ Windows applications were created by the experienced programmer.
~ Приложения для Windows были созданы опытным программистом.
2. The modem (allows; is allowed) the individual to access information from all over the world.
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~ The modem allows the individual to access information from all over the world.
~ Модем позволяет пользователю получать доступ к информации из любой точки мира.
3. Almost everything in modern world (did; is done) with the help of computers.
~ Almost everything in modern world is done with the help of computers.
~ Почти все в современном мире сделано при помощи компьютеров.
4. There are also systems which (are developing; are being developed) to translate foreign articles by computer.
~ There are also systems which are being developed to translate foreign articles by computer.
~ Также существуют устройства, которые были созданы для того, чтобы переводить иностранные статьи при помощи компьютера.
5. The CPU (coordinates; is coordinated) all the activities of the various components of the computer.
~ The CPU coordinates the activities of the various components of the computer.
~ Процессор координирует деятельность различных компонентов компьютера.
Задание 3.
Переведите следующие словосочетания, содержащие Participle I u Participle II. Подчеркните причастия, определите их вид по образцу: Havingstudiedtheproblem – Participle I perfect – изучив проблему.
1. instructions kept in the memory - Participle II
Инструкции, хранится в памяти.
2. keyboard terminals replacing vacuum tubes - Participle I
клавиатура терминалы замена вакуумных трубок
3. while operating with graphical interface - Participle I
работая с графическим интерфейсом
4. the general-purpose machine proposed by Ch. Babbage - Participle II
Универсальная машина, задуманная Чарльзом Бэббиджем.
5. the machine provided with the necessary facts - Participle II
машина, снабженная необходимым.
6. all computer systems performing the functions - Participle I
все компьютерные системы, выполняя функции.
Задание 4.
Переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните в английских и русских предложениях модальные глаголы.
Computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives it the necessary information.
Компьютер не может ничего сделать, если человек не говорит ему, что делать и дает ему необходимую информацию.
2. Business minicomputers can perform up to 100 million operations per second.
Нетбуки способны выполнять до 100 миллионов операций в секунду.
3. Citizens should be aware of the potential of computers to influence the quality of life.
Горожане должныбыть осведомлены о возможности компьютеров влиять на качество жизни.
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4. You may find simplified versions of the major applications you use.
Вы можете найти упрощенную версию основного приложения, которым вы пользуетесь.
5. To be accessible, web pages and sites must conform to certain accessibility principles.
Будучи удобными вэб - страницы и сайты должны соответствовать конкретным принципам доступности.
Задание 5.
Задайте специальные вопросы к подчеркнутым словам или словосочетаниям.
1. There are thousands of different programming languages.
How much different programming languages are there?
2. Supercomputers were used in science and engineering for many purposes.
Where (in which sphere) were supercomputers used for many purposes?
3. In Great Britain, there is a system that will display weather reports from around the country.
What will a system in GB display from around the country?
4. Minicomputers came on to the scene in the early 1980s.
When did minicomputers came on to the scene?
5. Today, most computer users buy, download, or share programs like Microsoft Word and Excel.
What kinds of programs do most computer users buy, download or share today?
Задание 6.
Переведите на английский язык следующие словосочетания.
Прикладные программы (Application programs); исправлять ошибки в написании (correct errors in writing); стирать предложения (offers); переставлять абзацы (rearrange paragraphs); бухгалтер, биржевые брокеры (accountant, stockbrokers); консультант по налогам (tax consultant); юристы (law); работники образования (educators); управленцы (managers); бухгалтерский учет, подоходный налог (accounting, income tax); компьютерное моделирование (computer simulation); электронные таблицы (spreadsheets); составление расписания (scheduling); огромное влияние (huge impact).
Задание 7.
Прочитайте текст, устно переведите его и выполните упражнения, данные ниже.
APPLICATION OF PERSONAL COMPUTERS.
Personal computers have a lot of applications, however, there are some major categories of applications: home and hobby, word processing, professional, educational, small business and engineering and scientific.
Home and hobby. Personal computers enjoy great popularity among experimenters and hobbyists. They are an exciting hobby. All hobbyists need not be engineers or programmers. There are many games that use the full capabilities of a computer to provide many hours of exciting leisure-time adventure.
The list of other home and hobby applications of PCs is almost endless, including: checking account management, budgeting, personal finance, planning, investment analyses, telephone answering and dialing, home security, home environment and climate control, appliance control, calendar management, maintenance of address and mailing lists and what not.
Word processing. At home or at work, applications software, called a word processing program, enables you to correct or modify any document in any manner you wish before printing it. Using the CRT monitor as a display screen, you are able to view what you have typed to correct mistakes in spelling or grammar, add or delete sentences, move paragraphs around, and replace words. The letter or document can be stored on a diskette for future use.
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Professional. The category of professional includes persons making extensive use of word processing, whose occupations are particularly suited to the desk-top use of PCs. Examples of other occupations are accountants, financial advisors, stock brokers, tax consultants, lawyers, architects, engineers, educators and all levels of managers. Applications programs that are popular with persons in these occupations include accounting, income tax preparation, statistical analysis, graphics, stock market forecasting and computer modeling. The electronic worksheet is, by far, the computer modeling program most widely used by professionals. It can be used for scheduling, planning, and the examination of "what if" situations.
Educational. Personal computers are having and will continue to have a profound influence upon the classroom, affecting both the learner and the teacher. Microcomputers are making their way into- classrooms to an ever-increasing extent, giving impetus to the design of programmed learning materials that can meet the demands of student and teacher.
Задание 8.
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