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Московский технический университет связи и информатики

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО СВЯЗИ

Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени федеральное государственное

бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования

Московский технический университет связи и информатики

Кафедра иностранных языков

Учебно-методическое пособие

по дисциплине

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК (часть II)

для студентов-заочников 1-2 курсов направлений:

11.03.02 – информационные технологии и системы связи

15.03.04 – автоматизация технологических процессов и производств

Москва 2018

План УМД на 2018/2019 уч. г.

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК (частьII)

Составитель: ст. преподаватель Толкачева И.Ю.

Издание утверждено советом факультета ___________. Протокол № ______ от “___” _______________2018

Рецензент: ст. преподаватель Машенская Т.Н.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Данное учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов-заочников II и III семестров технических направлений МТУСИ.

В методических указаниях дана необходимая информация о целях и задачах обучения английскому языку в МТУСИ, сведения о рекомендуемых учебниках и учебных пособиях, о порядке выполнения контрольных заданий.

Контрольные задания №2 и №3 содержат: 1)пять вариантов, каждый из которых включает контрольно-проверочные упражнения и контрольный вопрос на проверку понимания текста; 2)англо-русский словарь, состоящий из лексических единиц, призванных оказать студенту помощь при выполнении им контрольного задания.

Текстовой материал контрольного задания, отражает тематику главных технических направлений МТУСИ.

Учебно-методическое пособие

1. Общие положения

В настоящее время большое значение приобретает практическое владение иностранными языками, которое является необходимым компонентом современной подготовки специалистов. Под практическим владением понимается использование иностранного языка специалистами, выпускниками вузов, в их практической деятельности.

Целью обучения английскому языку в МТУСИ является подготовка будущего специалиста к самостоятельной работе над английской литературой по специальности, направленной на извлечение информации, необходимой для его практической деятельности в отрасли связи.

Учебный процесс по дисциплине “Английский язык“ включает в себя самостоятельное изучение программного материала, выполнение письменных контрольных заданий, подготовку к собеседованию, а также сдачу зачета и экзамена.

Для того чтобы добиться успеха в изучении дисциплины “Английский язык”, необходимо приступить к работе с первых же дней занятий в МТУСИ. Работать следует регулярно, систематически, по возможности ежедневно.

2. Список литературы

Основная

1. Кожевникова Т.В. Английский язык для университетов и институтов связи. - М. 2012.

2. Кожевникова Т.В. Аудиокурс английского языка для университетов и институтов связи. - М.: Радио и связь, 2008.

3. Общие, политехнические и отраслевые словари.

Дополнительная

1. Андрианова Л.Н., Багрова Н.Ю., Ершова Э.В. Учебник английского языка для заочных технических вузов. – М.: Высшая школа, 1980

2. Пронина Р.О. Пособие по английскому языку для заочных технических вузов. – М.: Высшая школа, 1980

3. Пумпянский А.Л., Костина Л.П. Методические указания по чтению и переводу английской технической литературы. – М., ВЗЭИС, 1987.

4. Курашвили Е.И. Английский язык. Пособие по чтению и устной речи для технических вузов. – М.: Высшая школа, 1991. – 140 с.

К изучению программного материала следует приступать после ознакомления с предисловием и учебно-методическим пособием, а также принимая во внимание рекомендации ведущего преподавателя.

3. Контрольные задания

Письменные контрольные задания выполняется в сроки, установленные планом-графиком. Разрешается досрочное выполнение контрольной работы.

Студенты, номер студенческого билета которых оканчивается на 1 и 2, выполняют вариант 1, на 3 и 4 – вариант 2, на 5 и 6 – вариант 3 и т.д.

Контрольные задания должны быть выполнены в отдельной тетради с соблюдением следующих требований:

-работы должны быть выполнены аккуратно, без помарок, четким разборчивым почерком;

-на каждой странице должны быть оставлены поля шириной 4-5 см;

-в тетрадях в клетку следует писать через строчку;

-английский текст следует писать на левой странице тетради, русский - на правой, на уровне английского текста;

-условия упражнений по контрольным заданиям должны быть выписаны в тех формулировках, в которых они изложены в контрольном задании (или в образце к нему);

-выполнение контрольного задания следует начинать с изучения, закрепления и повторения того грамматического материала, который указан в перечне материала к контрольному заданию (см. раздел 6);

-письменное выполнение упражнений контрольного задания должно осуществляться в той последовательности, в которой они даны в контрольном задании;

-по получении проверенного рецензентом контрольного задания необходимо внимательно прочитать рецензию, ознакомиться с замечаниями и проанализировать отмеченные в работе ошибки;

-все замечания по отрецензированному контрольному заданию должны быть исправлены студентом в точном соответствии с указаниями рецензента и в той же форме, в которой выполнялось само контрольное задание (английский текст на левой странице тетради, русский – на правой).

Для облегчения самостоятельной работы студентов над контрольным заданием в конце данного учебно-методического пособия дается англо-русский словарь.

Отрецензированное, положительно оцененное и исправленное контрольное задание сдается преподавателю.

4. Собеседование

Собеседование проводится по положительно оцененному и исправленному студентом контрольному заданию.

Собеседование имеет своей целью проверить и определить, действительно ли самостоятельно выполнена данная письменная работа, правильность исправления допущенных ошибок.

Студент обязан письменно перевести текст своего варианта контрольного задания и подготовиться к защите своего задания на собеседовании.

Преподаватель проводит собеседование с каждым студентом индивидуально в устной форме.

Успешное собеседование заканчивается зачетом по контрольному заданию и является допуском для студента к сдаче зачета или экзамена.

5. Зачет

Зачет проводится с целью проверки приобретенных студентом знаний, умений и навыков в объеме требований программы.

К зачету допускаются студенты, изучившие учебный материал рекомендованных учебников и учебных пособий в объеме, предусмотренном программой, успешно выполнившие и защитившие на собеседовании контрольное задание.

Для получения зачета студент должен:

-уметь правильно читать и понимать без словаря учебные тексты, запланированные для изучения, а также упражнения и связные тексты соответствующего контрольного задания (свой вариант);

-уметь прочитать за один час и перевести со словарем английский текст объемом 1000-1200 печатных знаков для устного перевода или 800 печатных знаков для письменного перевода;

-уметь прочитать и понять текст, содержащий 6-8 незнакомых слов на одну страницу и передать на русском языке содержание прочитанного;

-знать грамматический материал соответствующего контрольного задания.

Экзамен

Экзамен проводится с целью проверки и оценки знаний, умений и навыков студентов в объеме требований программы дисциплины “Английский язык” за первый и второй курсы.

К экзамену допускаются студенты, сдавшие зачет за первый курс, изучившие учебный материал рекомендованных учебников и учебных пособий в объеме, предусмотренном программой, успешно выполнившие контрольное задание №3 и прошедшие собеседование.

Для получения положительной оценки на экзамене студент должен:

- уметь правильно читать и понимать без словаря изученные учебные тексты, а также тексты выполненных контрольных работ;

- правильно прочитать и перевести с помощью словаря текст средней трудности соответствующего технического направления (Нормы чтения и перевода: 1000 печ. зн. для письменного перевода или 1500 печ. зн. для устного перевода в час.);

-уметь правильно читать и понимать без словаря научно- популярные тексты, содержащие 6-8 незнакомых (не включенных в лексический минимум средней школы и уроков изученных на первом и втором курсах) слов на 800 печ. зн. и передать на русском языке содержание прочитанного.

Контрольное задание №2

Для выполнения контрольного задания №2 необходимо повторить по учебнику грамматический материал, указанный для контрольного задания №1 на образование основных форм глагола и временных форм глагола в Active и Passive Voice и усвоить указанный грамматический материал по рекомендованному учебнику.

1. Конструкции с неличными формами глагола:

а) субъектный инфинитивный оборот (конструкция “подлежащее с инфинитивом”);

б) объектный инфинитивный оборот (конструкция “дополнение с инфинитивом”);

в) причастие в роли определения и обстоятельства;

г) независимый (абсолютный) причастный оборот;

д) герундиальный оборот.

2. Сложноподчиненные предложения с придаточными, вводимые союзами if и when.

3. Сложноподчиненные предложения с союзной и бессоюзной связью.

Образец выполнения контрольного задания

I. Определите функцию слов, заканчивающихся на – ing. Переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

Testing the engine the engineer applied Исследуя двигатель,

new methods. инженер применил новые

методы

Testing – Participlе I в функции обстоятельства.

II. Определите функцию слов с суффиксами –ed. Переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

The paper published in this magazine Статья, опубликованная в этом журнале,

is very important. очень важна.

Published – Participle II в функции части определения, выраженного причастным оборотом.

Вариант №1

I. Определите функцию слов, оканчивающихся на –ing:

a) Participle I в функции определения;

б) Participle I в функции обстоятельства;

d) Participle I, в составе временной группы Continuous;

г) герундий.

Перепишите и переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

1 The main parts of a transmitter are a high-frequency oscillator including an oscillatory circuit and one or a few amplifiers.

2. Designing the telecommunications lines, allowance has to be made for increasing demand for telecommunications circuits.

3. During the experiment glass is being rubbed with silk to produce static electricity.

4. The transmitter is able of taking a written message and using some code to encipher this message into a sequence of numbers.

II. Определите функцию слов, заканчивающихся на –еd:

а) личную форму глагола в Past Simple;

б) Participle II в функции части простого сказуемого, выраженного глаголом в страдательном залоге;

в) Participle II в функции определения;

г) Participle II в функции обстоятельства.

Перепишите и переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

1. The wireless industry turned its back on many potential customers.

2. Designed for special purposes integrated circuits have become the basis of microelectronics.

3. The services offered by telecommunication firms are useful for customers.

4. Radio telegraph signals can be reproduced with the help of the telephone receiver.

III. Подчеркните конструкцию с неличной формой глагола. Перепишите и переведите письменно предложения на русский язык.

1. We expect telephone to have convenience and speed.

2. The frequency best suitable for reaching a distant point is known to be the highest on a summer day, lower on a winter day or summer night, and the lowest during a winter night.

3. The amount of attenuation depends on different factors, the chief of them being the frequency of the wave, the time of day and the season.

4 The process of one substance mixing with another is called diffusion.

IV.Перепишите и переведите письменно на русский язык сложноподчиненные предложения, подчеркните придаточное предложение.

1. This was the time when science, as we know now, was gaining ground and rapidly accumulating the true knowledge about the nature.

2, If the destination fax wasn`t engaged we would send the fax.

3. There is an easily remembered method for finding the relative directions of the current and the magnetic field it sets up.

4. A tuner is used to select a radio broadcasting signal and convert this signal into a form that can be handled by the amplifier.

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Ответьте письменно на вопрос: Почему широко используется факсимильная телеграфия?

Telegraph circuits and equipment

A single circuit provides transmission in only one direction at a time. For transmission in both directions simultaneously, a duplex circuit is used. Multiplex apparatus provides two, three or more channels are operable in both directions simultaneously over a single circuit.

In automatic transmission, an operator at a manual keyboard operated like a typewriter, perforates a tape. The tape is fed through an electromechanical or photocell tape reader that drives the tape at a rapid and uniform rate and transmits the electrical code. Interconnecting wire lines or other communications channels carry these code pulses to the receiver. The received impulses may actuate a reperforator to produce a duplicate punched tape for retransmission, the impulses may actuate a teletype writer to retype the original message.

Alternatively the equipment at both terminals may be teletypewriters, in which keyboard and printing mechanisms are combined in one machine.

Business firms that originate and receive numerous messages have such equipment installed at their offices for direct service. Also widely used are facsimile instruments that transmit a typed or handwritten message as a picture on electrosensitive paper.

VI. Подготовьте письменно перевод текста к защите контрольного задания на собеседовании.

Вариант №2

I.Определите функцию слов, заканчивающихся на -ing:

а) Participle I в функции определения;

б) Participle I в функции обстоятельства;

в) Participle I в составе временной группы Continuous;

г) герундий.

Перепишите и переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

1. Expanding and improving mail service continues to be extremely essential for population, offices, factories and other organizations.

2. Postal service involves the following operations: reception of mail from senders, transportation and delivery of mail.

3. These waves are suitable for covering distances up to several thousand miles at night but only several hundreds in the day-time.

4. The files are being transmitted but they are not arriving in the same form.

II. Определите функцию слов, заканчивающихся на –ed:

а) личная форма глагола в Past Simple;

б) Participle II в функции простого сказуемого, выраженного глаголом в страдательном залоге;

в) Participle II в функции определения;

г) Participle II в функции обстоятельства.

Перепишите и переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

1. Waves ranging from 3,000 to 30,000 kilohertz are called high frequency waves.

2 Electric oscillations produced in the antenna of the transmitter travel in all directions.

3. Compared with conventional transmission systems, space telecommunications offer two essential advantages: they reconcile high capacity with long distances, and make it possible to adapt communications networks more easily to the development of requirements.

4. The developing industry, transport and trade needed scientific support and a higher cultural level to facilitate the state to gain both domestic and international ground.

III. Подчеркните конструкции с неличной формой глагола. Перепишите и переведите письменно предложения на русский язык.

1. The picture-reproducing device of any television receiver is known to be called a kinescope or a cathode-ray tube.

2. The diaphragm moving the air in front, the vibrations are picked by the ear as a sound wave.

3. Telephone firms encourage customers to make telephone calls as they seem cheaper than sending a letter.

4. Sometimes we speak of applying a still broader definition of communication including the influence of one mechanism upon another mechanism.

IV. Подчеркните в сложноподчиненных предложениях придаточные предложения. Перепишите и переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

1. If computers and word processors weren`t able to save and file large quantities of information they woudn`t be so popular.

2. During his multiple visits abroad Peter the Great acquired the first collections which became later a basis of his famous Cabinet of Curiosities, the forefather of all our museums.

3. Today, when powerful stations transmit the latest news all over the globe, we realize how great is the name of Alexander Popov.

4. Marconi wanted to show he was the first inventor of the radio.

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Ответьте письменно на вопрос: Почему необходимо использовать разнообразное оборудование при обработке почты?

Automation of mail Handling

Since the 1950s research and development have been intensified to apply technology to handling of mails. Now mail centers are built in the style of factories and include all appropriate handling equipment.

Equipment used for loading and unloading sacks of mail, containers and parcels includes mobile belt conveyers, roller conveyers, forklift trucks, mobile and fix cranes etc. Handling equipment within buildings includes chain conveyers, horizontal and rising belt conveyers, lot of types of lifts.

The use of the wide range of equipment is necessary because of the varied handling characteristics of different types of mail at particular stages.

Distribution of mail is often monitored by close-circuit television which allows effective centralized control. Thus modern techniques enable to ensure a continuous mechanized mail flow with maximum productivity benefits.

VI. Подготовьте письменно перевод текста к защите контрольного задания на собеседовании.

Вариант №3

I.Определите функцию слов, заканчивающихся на –ing:

а) Participle I в функции определения;

б) Participle I в функции обстоятельства;

в) Participle I в составе временной группы Continuous;

г) герундий.

Перепишите и переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

1. Frequencies ranging from 300 to 3,000 kilohertz are referred to as medium radio frequencies.

2. The alternating current passes through a winding on a permanent magnet, causing the magnetic field.

3. The seven digits are transmitted to the exchange by appropriate dialing.

4. At the moment we are using a modem linked up direct to our computer and the telephone line.

II. Определите функцию слов, заканчивающихся на –ed:

а) личная форма глагола в Past Simple;

б) Participle II в функции простого сказуемого, выраженного глаголом в страдательном залоге;

в) Participle II в функции определения;

г) Participle II в функции обстоятельства.

Перепишите и переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

1. In a television system two separate transmitters are employed – one for the sound channel and the other for the picture channel.

2. The voltage applied to the input of the radio frequency amplifier varies from units to hundreds of microvolts.

3. In 1914 Marie Curie headed the radioactive laboratory of the new Institute of Radium in Paris.

4. When compared with the cartridge format the cassette format has two very important things – performance and reliability.

1. The impression of bar codes on letters is considered to be one of the basic methods of achieving mechanization in the post service.

2. The load is a resonant circuit tuned to the frequency of the signal applied to the input of the stage, this resonant circuit being either a single tuned circuit or a band-pass filter.

3. Radio frequency amplifiers in which single-tuned circuits serve as a load are known to be tuned amplifiers.

4. Visual communication allows misunderstandings to be instantly corrected.

1. Substances can be divided into two classes: electrolytes whose solutions conduct electricity and non-electrolytes whose solutions do not conduct electricity.

2. He would have used the device if it had been in order.

3. The University he studies at is one of the leading educational institutions in our country.

4. The miscellaneous file contains documents which do not require a separate file.

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Ответьте письменно на вопрос: Сколько передатчиков используется в телевизионной системе?

Television

Television is a branch of telecommunications which provides for the simultaneous transmission and reception of sound and video signals. In a television system two separate transmitters are employed – one for the sound channel and the other for the picture channel. The sound transmitter is frequency-modulated and simultaneously transmits the sound which accompanies the image. Each transmitter has its own antenna.

The image is received by the television camera, which converts optical images into electrical impulses. These electrical impulses are amplified by the video or picture amplifier. The high-frequency video signal is modulated by the high-frequency carrier of the television transmitter and is radiated into space by the aerial. The picture carrier is amplitude-modulated.

The antenna receives both picture and sound signals which are amplified and separated. After that they reach the kinescope.

A colour television receiver consumes more power than a black-and-white receiver, it is more complex and requires more qualified servicing. It is practically impossible to convert a black-and–white receiver to receive colour programmes. Contrary, if a colour television receiver is tuned to the frequency of a monochrome transmitter, it reproduces monochrome transmission.

It is impossible to overestimate the part played by television in our life and in various fields of the national economy.

VI. Подготовьте письменно перевод текста к защите контрольного задания на собеседовании.

Вариант №4.

I.Определите функцию слов, заканчивающихся на –ing:

а) Participle I в функции определения;

б) Participle I в функции обстоятельства;

в) Participle I в составе временной группы Continuous;

г) герундий.

Перепишите и переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

1. The network of post-offices rendering direct service to population is growing year after year.

2. Nowadays central offices are connected to long-distance offices by connecting trunks; long-distance offices are in turn interconnected by intercity trunks.

3. The voltage applied to the input of a radio frequency amplifier varies from units to hundreds of microvolts, depending on the selectivity of the receiver.

4. This method of locating objects by using radio techniques has found a wide range of applications.

II. Определите функцию слов, заканчивающихся на –ed:

а) личная форма глагола в Past Simple;

б) Participle II в функции простого сказуемого, выраженного глаголом в страдательном залоге;

в) Participle II в функции определения;

г) Participle II в функции обстоятельства.

Перепишите и переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

1. When required, the data will be applied in our practical work.

2. Every transponder consists of the receiver tuned to a channel or range of frequencies lying in the uplink band of frequencies, a frequency shifter and a power amplifier.

3. Later development of telephone changed its construction, it became more complex.

4. Electromagnetic waves are attenuated in passing through the ionosphere and the lower atmosphere.

1. The development of mechanization for the purpose of mail distribution and delivery is agreed to represent a new step towards achieving high quality of service and solving the problem of lack of staff at post-offices.

2. The process of radio communication including transmission and reception of signals, the necessary components of radio are a transmitter and a receiver.

3. The conversion from acoustic to electrical energy is accomplished by varying the resistance of carbon granules held between a cup and diaphragm.

4. The standard telephone allows a customer to perform oral communication, it doesn`t yet transmit visual communication.

1. If the information had been received in time we would have used it in our calculations.

2. The laboratory is the place where experiments as well as scientific research may be carried out.

3. We knew that this student had taken part in the investigation and had received very interesting results.

4. The heat a body contains is the kinetic energy of its molecules.

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Ответьте письменно на вопрос: Какой основной принцип радара?

Radar

Radar is an abbreviation of the words Radio Detection and Ranging. This method of locating objects by using radio techniques has found a wide range of applications.

Radar is the term which is now used to include any system employing microwaves (wavelength from 30 cm to 1 mm) for locating, identifying or guiding such moving objects as ships, aircrafts, missiles or artificial satellites. The basic principle of radar is the scanning of the area by a beam of microwaves and the detection of the waves reflected from the objects to be located. The speed of the waves being known, it`s only necessary to measure the time between the transmission of the microwave pulses and the arrival of the effected waves in order to locate in both directions and range the object.

Radar equipment includes a movable aerial, the transmitter and its modulator, the receiver and its modulator and the power supply system. The aerial is rotated continuously when in use. The modulator causes the transmitter to radiate microwaves in short pulses. While the transmitter is being active, a pulse of power is passed to the aerial.

Having been received from the object, the echo signal is reflected and impressed upon the tube of the indicator.

Automatic guidance and navigation can be effected by computer – electronic device which accepts data, apply logical processes to it and supply the results of these processes as information.

VI. Подготовьте письменно перевод текста к защите контрольного задания на собеседовании.

Вариант №5

I.Определите функцию слов, заканчивающихся на –ing:

а) Participle I в функции определения;

б) Participle I в функции обстоятельства;

в) Participle I в составе временной группы Continuous;

г) герундий.

Перепишите и переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

1. Now mail centers are normally built in the style of factories and include all appropriate handling equipment.

2. The attenuation of these waves is rather small and practically independent of time of day and the season and that is why they are used for carrying continuous radio communication over long distances.

3. A ground radar system is providing information by which aircrafts approaches to landing.

4. Being small in size, consuming less power transistors quickly substituted for valves.

II. Определите функцию слов, заканчивающихся на –ed:

а) личная форма глагола в Past Simple;

б) Participle II в функции простого сказуемого, выраженного глаголом в страдательном залоге;

в) Participle II в функции определения;

г) Participle II в функции обстоятельства.

Перепишите и переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

1. Further development improved the switching system and made it more complex.

2. Colour television signals can be transmitted over the same distance as monochrome television signals since for their transmission the same radio frequency carrier range is used.

3. It is impossible to overestimate the part played by television in our life and in various fields of the national economy.

4. Using a transformer it is possible to increase or decrease the voltage of the alternating current.

1. The frequency being increased, the attenuation decreases.

2. The system is capable of transmitting a large number of telephone calls.

3. The exchange itself is known to be identified by the first three digits.

4. Specialists believe synthetic fibers to be widely used in different industries.

1. If the device had been demonstrated yesterday the firm specialists would have known the results of the test.

2. Telephony is a branch of telecommunications which provides for the exchange of information in the form of speech.

3. In any telephone system speech or other sounds are converted into electric signals that are transmitted to a distant point where they are converted back into reproduction of the original sound.

4. The resistance of a given conductor depends on the material it is made of.

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Ответьте письменно на вопрос: От каких факторов зависит величина затухания волн?

Propagation of radio waves of different frequencies

As radio waves travel away, they become attenuated because of the energy lost in travel. The amount of attenuation depends of different factors, the chief of them being the frequency of the wave, the time of day, the season and the character of the Earth`s surface.

Waves having frequencies from 30 to 300 kilohertz are called low-frequency waves. Their attenuation is rather small and practically independent of time of day and the season, and that is why they are used for carrying continuous radio communication of long distances.

Frequencies ranging from 300 to 3,000 kilohertz are referred to as medium radio frequencies. These waves are suitable for covering distances up to several thousand miles at night but only several hundred in the day-time. The frequency being increased, the attenuation decreases.

Waves ranging from 3,000 to 30,000 kilohertz are called high frequency waves. They travel great distance without attenuation, but path of their travel depends upon the condition in the upper atmosphere.

The frequency best suitable for reaching a distant point is known to be highest on a summer day, lower on a winter day or summer night and the lowest during a winter night.

VI. Подготовьте письменно перевод текста к защите контрольного задания на собеседовании.

Контрольное задание №3

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольное задание №3, необходимо повторить грамматический материал всего курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику.

Вариант №1

I.Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык:

1. 1. When the cursor reaches the desired location, the user usually pushes a button on the mouse once or twice to signal a menu section or a command to the computer.

2. The article deals with microwaves, particular attention being paid to radio location.

3. By the end of the year they will have settled all the problems and will begin their test.

4. If we had had enough time we would have discussed some other problems concerning new equipment.

5. Satellites have to carry all kinds of communications, including television.

6. Electronic cameras are becoming very popular among the consumers for their relatively low price and convenience.

7. The purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and data in form that is relatively permanent and retrieved when needed for processing.

8. The receiver is known to decode the message.

9. Joule determined the numerical relation between heat and mechanical energy, or mechanical equivalent of heat using many independent methods.

10. They consider noise to be unwanted.

II. Прочтите и устно переведите следующий текст. Выпишите из текста предложение, отвечающее на вопрос: Чeм являются средства механизации сортировки и доставки почтовых отправлений?

Sorting by automatic reading

The impression of barcodes on letters representing the information contained in the address is considered to be one of the basic methods of achieving mechanization in the post service. It makes possible to process correspondence successively and use such methods as phosphorescent bar code readers.

The impression known as “letter coding” can be made in two ways. The first one is semi-automatic: an operator puts down the information needed for coding and picks this information himself from the postcode or (if it is missing) from the address itself.

The other way is fully automatic: an automatic address identification system receives from the reading head the video image of the address, processes this information electronically by means of identification programme and consequently provides the information needed for coding.

The development of mechanization for the purpose of mail distribution and delivery is agreed to represent a new step towards achieving high quality of service and solving the problem of lack of staff at the post-office.

III. Подготовьте письменно перевод текста к защите контрольного задания на собеседовании.

Вариант №2

I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык:

1. If the signal shape is not preserved during amplification, the signal is said to have been distorted.

2. The addition program instructions for working with hardware devices were very complex, and time-consuming.

3 When using these systems a designer draws a part and indicates its dimensions with the help of a mouse, light pen, or other input device.

4. Most everyday tasks are now easier to accomplish than ever before.

5. Most memory related problems have been removed.

6. We know the receiver to change the signal back into message.

7. At that time Watt was the partner of the inventor John Roebuck who had financed his researches.

8. By the end of the year they will have been carrying out field trials with a new teleprinter for several months.

9. All machines have energy loss, some energy being converted into useless heat due to friction.

10. Fixed automation, sometimes called “hard automation” refers to automated machines in which the equipment configuration allows fixed sequence of processing operations.

II. Прочтите и устно переведите следующий текст. Выпишите из текста предложение, отвечающее на вопрос: Что является основными частями радиопередатчика?

Radio communication

Radio communication is the transfer of high-frequency energy from the transmitter to the receiver without wires. Radio is a device that transmits and receives signals and programmes by electromagnetic waves. Since the process of radio communication includes transmission and reception of signals, the necessary components of radio are a transmitter and a receiver.

The transmitter is a device that produces radio-frequency energy. The main parts of a transmitter are a high-frequency oscillator including an oscillatory circuit and one or a few amplifiers.

The receiver is a device that receives waves sent out by a transmitter. Radio receivers demodulate these waves which are then heard as speech, music or signals.

Electric oscillations produced in the antenna of the transmitter travel in all directions. Radio waves are waves of very high frequency; they travel through space at a speed of light. They differ from the other wave forms only in frequency.

III. Подготовьте письменно перевод текста к защите контрольного задания на собеседовании.

Вариант №3

I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык:

1. Your computer probably will crash less running Windows 95 than it did with 3.1 and 3.0 or even DOS.

2. When computers were fist introduced programmers had to write programs to instruct CD-ROMs, laser, printer and scanners.

3. In communication theory noise is considered to be an undesired disturbance.

4. If you intend to buy a printer or a scanner you need to worry in advance about the driver program which commonly goes along with your device.

5. Computers accept information in the form of instruction called a program and characters called data to perform mathematical and logical operations, and then give the results.

6. Inspection is another area of factory operations in which the utilization of robots is growing.

7. Hard disk is a rigid disk coated with magnetic material, for sorting programs and relatively large amounts of data.

8. The installation was automated last year, its capacity rising by 25 per cent.

9. In this case we may suppose the chain of symbols to be endless.

10. The scientists of our laboratory had been carrying out the experiments with the new type of insulating material for several years before they got the positive results.

II. Прочтите и устно переведите следующий текст. Выпишите из текста предложение, отвечающее на вопрос: Благодаря чему была упрощена схема электронного телеграфного регенератора?

Teleprinter receiver system

In the propose system the teleprinter receiver no longer remains a single-speed machine being able to receive messages at a continuously variable speed without requiring manual adjustment. Moreover, the accuracy of reception depends on the pulses and their polarities, rather than on their relative durations. Hence bias and other types of distortions, which are known to affect critically existing receivers, are less likely to introduce error. If, somehow, the line breaks or one negative pulse is lost in transmission, the error is confined only to one character, because the reset signal preceding the code elements brings the receiver to initial condition.

Except for the tape mechanism at the input and the printer or reperforator at the output, the teleprinter is completely electronic and thus can be made of solid state devices. The design of the electronic regenerative repeaters has also been simplified as a timing circuit is not necessary. Besides the elimination of the voice frequency terminal has to result in great savings both in primary cost and in maintenance.

III. Подготовьте письменно перевод текста к защите контрольного задания на собеседовании.

Вариант №4

I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык:

1. If one is confronted with a very elementary situation where he has to choose one of two alternative messages, then it is arbitrary said that the information, associated with this situation, is unity.

2. There are many advantages in microelectronic, the lower cost and high reliability being of great value.

3. A computer to complete a job requires more than just the actual equipment or hardware we see and touch.

4. Portable computer users will like what Microsoft has done to make their lives calmer.

5. At home personal computers can be used for home management (balancing the family finances, for example) and for playing computer games, watching films or listening to music.

6. Communication theory is assumed to deal primarily with systems for transmitting information or data from one point to another.

7. The Internet and its technology continue to have a profound effect in promoting the exchange of information, making possible rapid transactions among businesses, and supporting global collaboration among individuals and organizations.

8. We want the information to be measured in bits.

9. If the microphone had been strong the sound from that telephone could have been transmitted over a long distance,

10. When I return to the laboratory, my friends will have been working there for several hours.

II. Прочтите и устно переведите следующий текст. Выпишите из текста предложение, отвечающее на вопрос: Какие преимущества имеет спутниковая связь?

Space links

In all cases, a space telecommunications system has at least three separate elements:

- earth transmitting station, with an antenna sending data into space in the form of radio waves;

- a satellite in orbit round the Earth: the satellite acts as a space relay station, receiving signals, translating frequencies and amplifying the signals received and transmitting the same to ground receiver station;

- a ground receiver station, where an antenna captures the data from the satellite in radio frequency form.

The ends of the system constitute the earth sector with the satellite forming the space segment. The component elements of the earth sector can be fixed (telecommunications stations), or mobile (ships, aircraft, etc.). In the first case, the link forms part of the fixed satellite telecommunications service, and in the second, part of mobile land, marine or aviation service.

Compared with conventional transmission systems (cables or radio wave links), space telecommunications offer two essential advantages: they reconcile high capacity with long distance, and make it possible to adapt communication networks more easily to the development of requirements, by their qualities of availability and reconfiguration. The good quality of the links by the satellite is also independence of distance.

III. Подготовьте письменно перевод текста к защите контрольного задания на собеседовании.

Вариант №5

I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык:

1. Computers have opened up a new era in manufacturing by means of automation, and they have enhanced modern communication systems.

2. Our engineers had been testing the new device for some months before it was put into service.

3. The Nobel prizes were to be given for merits in physics, chemistry, medicine and physiology, literature, world peace.

4. Modem is an electronic device that makes possible the transmission of data from one computer to another via telephone or other communication lines.

5. The units used to measure time, space, and mass are called fundamental units.

6. We know the transmitter to accept the message and to turn it into signals.

7. If the message had been sent out at a different frequency, one line could have been used to send many messages at the same time.

8. The fibres being so small, thousands could be put in one tiny cable, and the material cost is minute compared with that for any sort of metallic cable.

9. The sound from a telephone is known to be transmitted over long distances.

10. Schoolchildren can use computers for doing their homework and many schools now have computers for independent learning and computer literacy studies.

II. Прочтите и устно переведите следующий текст. Выпишите из текста предложение, отвечающее на вопрос: Что называется коммутацией?

Telephone networks

A telephone subscriber is usually connected by way of a loop to local telephone exchange. The connection medium between exchanges is called trunks which consist of cables, or microwave radio links.

The procedure that enables telephone message to be placed into a system and switched into a trunk is called switching. A loop commonly connects the subscriber to a telephone exchange. This loop provides a path for the two-way speech signals used for ringing, switching and supervisory functions.

The local exchange office must make a connection between the telephone set and an appropriate outgoing trunk. The connection is made by a switching system located at the exchange. Switching systems use switches of different types, they being either mechanical or electronic.

The connection is obtained from the number dialled in by the subscriber. A typical seven-digit code allocates four digits to a subscriber loop in any one exchange. The exchange itself is known to be identified by the first three digits. Each digit sends a dif

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