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Questions. Module 2. Evolution of scientific worldview. Grammar revision. Forms of adjectives and Adverbs. 1. Fill in the gaps with the correct comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.
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Questions
1. According to researchers, in the late 1980s, there was a feeling that …
a. a general theory of AI would never be developed.
b. original expectations of AI may not have been justified.
c. a wide range of applications was close to fruition.
d. more powerful computers were the key to further progress.
2. In Dr. Leake’s opinion, the reputation of AI suffered as a result of …
a. changing perceptions.
b. premature implementation.
c. poorly planned projects.
d. commercial pressures.
3. The prospects for AI may benefit from …
a. existing AI applications.
b. new business models.
c. orders from Internet-only companies.
d. new investment priorities.
4. Which paragraph (A–G) contains the information about the fact that AI brings together a range of separate research areas?
a. paragraph A
b. paragraph C
c. paragraph D
d. no paragraph
5. Where was the expression AI first used?
a. in the 1980s
b. within the computer industry era
c. in the 1990s
d. around 1985
Module 2
EVOLUTION OF SCIENTIFIC WORLDVIEW
Academic Word List: achieve, acquire, alternative, appropriate, aspect, assist, category, circumstance, comment, community, compensate, complex, component, compute, conclude, conduct, consent, consequent, considerable, constant, constrain, construct, consume, contribute, convene, coordinate, core, corporate, correspond, credit, criteria, culture, deduce, demonstrate, dominate, element, emphasis, ensure, equate, evaluate, exclude, feature, framework, fund, illustrate, immigrate, impact, imply, initial, instance, institute, interact, invest, justify, layer, link, locate, maintain, maximize, minor, negate, normalize, obtain, outcome, participate, partner, potential, previous, primary, proportion, purchase, react, register, regulate, relevant, rely, remove, reside, resource, restrict, scheme, seek, select, sequence, shift, site, specify, strategy, sufficient, technical, technique, technology, tradition, transfer, valid, volume.
GRAMMAR REVISION
Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs
1. Fill in the gaps with the correct comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.
1. If the holder of the men’s high jump record (i. e. the man who has jumped ________ (high) than anyone else in the world) had made his jump on Mercury, where gravity is ________ (weak); then he would have jumped nearly two times ________ (high). 2. Although Europe is the second ________ (small) continent in terms of area, it has the second ________ (long) coastline. 3. If it had been made from the top of Mount Everest, the world’s ________ (deep) drilling hole for oil would still have extended nearly 1, 000 m below sea level. 4. A baby grows ________ (fast) in the last three months before birth. If a child continued to grow at this rate at the age of ten it would be 5. 6 m ________ (tall). 5. A bamboo shoot can grow as ________ (many, much) centimeters in one day asan average child grows in its first ten years of after birth. 6. France is nearly twice as ________ (big) as Italy. 7. Denmark has nearly the same ________ (large) surface area asthe Netherlands. 8. Zaire is the second ________ (large) country in Africa. 9. Argentina is not so ________ (big) as Brazil. 10. This value is ________ (great) thanthat value.
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Numbers
2. Choose the correct option.
The oil age began about (1) 150 / one hundred and fiftyyears ago. Today oil is still the main source of energy and provides about (2) 30% / the 30%of the world’s total primary energy supply, while the entire set of fossil energies makes up more than (3) eighty per cent / 80%. The average American consumes (4) 314 GJ / 314 GJs, whereas the pro-capita primary energy consumption in OECD countries is 195 GJ. The energy contained in (5) 1 / onebarrel of oil is more than 6 GJ. Such heat content would be generated by human muscles in about (6) 2. 5 / two and a half years. The average per-capita availability of all forms of energy remained low and stagnant for a very long period of time. The US consumption of fossil fuels surpassed that of biomass only in the early (7) 1880s / 1880’s. During the second half of the (8) 19th / XIX century, the average per capita supply of all energy forms increased by only twenty-five (9) per cent / percent. In contrast, human advances during the (10) 20 / twentiethcentury were strongly linked with an unprecedented rise in total energy consumption. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that the delivery of energy from renewables will increase from 840 Mtoe to between 1, 900 and 3, 250 Mtoe in 2035 — more than (11) twice / two timesand (12) 4 / fourtimes the current level, respectively. Specifically, IEA estimates that the share of renewables in the generation of global electricity will increase to almost (13) a third / 1/3 in 2035. The share of renewables in heat is expected to increase from (14) 10% to 16% / 10–16%, and the demand for biofuels will grow (15) four-fold / 4-foldin the same period.
Relative Pronouns: That, Which, Who, Whose, What
3. Choose the correct option.
1. We used a bar code to identify a specimen which / whose DNA was degraded. 2. A group of accountants, all of which / whose members are equally successful, was identified. 3. My professor, who / whichcomes from Bangalore, is very friendly. 4. The professor that / whichI have now is much better than my previous one. 5. My professor comes from Kenya, who / whichis why he speaks such good English. 6. Over there is the professor that / whoI told you about yesterday. 7. The method that / whichuses X is better than the one that / which uses Y. 8. This method, that / which uses X, is extremely effective. 9. This method is extremely effective, that / whichis why we use it. 10. The table that / whichis easiest to understand is the one that / whichis at the bottom of page 3. 11. Table 5, that / which is easy for even non-expert readers to understand, highlights that. 12. He still lives in Turkey, that / which is where he was born.
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