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How to write a character sketch
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There are two effective ways of arranging your character sketch. One of them is naming the qualities of a character first and then supporting your opinion with the evidence from the text. The other one is analyzing a character’s behaviour in certain circumstances and deducing his/her traits of character. While making a character sketch you should try to find answers to the following questions:
· Who are the main characters? Are they like real people?
· Do they remind you of certain types of people? Which are the most interesting? Why?
· Does the character seem to develop and change as the story progresses, or does he/she remain about the same from beginning to end?
· What are the strengths and weaknesses of the character under study? What incidents from the text can you cite to support your conclusions?
· To what extent does the personality of the character determine his/her success or failure?
· What character did you like most and which did you dislike?
· With which ones did it make a difference to you whether they were happy or not? Why?
· Which ones helped you to understand people a little better than before?
· How well does the author seem to know people and what “makes them tick”?
A helping hand
the central/main/major character
the protagonist/the antagonist
the hero/heroine
the villain
a foil — to serve/act as a foil to…
the author’s mouthpiece
a simple/flat character
a complex/well-rounded character
moral/mental/physical/spiritual characteristics
direct/indirect characterization
to reinforce characterization
to contribute to characterization/individualization
to depict/portray/describe/reveal/disclose/a character
to evaluate/assess/rate/judge a character’s actions/words/decisions/set of values
to share a character’s emotions
to arouse warmth/affection/compassion/admiration/resentment/antipathy, etc.
Read the short-story and answer the questions that follow it.
W. S. Maugham
The Happy Man
It is a dangerous thing to order the lives of others and I have often wondered at the self-confidence of the politicians, reformers and suchlike who are prepared to force upon their fellows measures that must alter their manners, habits, and points of view. I have always hesitated to give advice, for how can one advise another how to act unless one knows that other as well as one knows himself? Heaven knows, I know little enough of myself: I know nothing of others. We can only guess at the thoughts and emotions of our neighbors. Each one of us is a prisoner in a solitary tower and he communicates with the other prisoners who form mankind, by conventional signs that have not quite the same meaning for them as for himself. And life, unfortunately, is something that you cannot lead but once; mistakes are often irreparable and who am I that I should tell this one and that how he should lead it? Life is a difficult business and I have found it hard enough to make my own a complete and rounded thing; I have not been tempted to teach my neighbor what he should do with his. But there are men who flounder at the journey’s start, the way before them is confused and hazardous, and on occasion however unwillingly, I have been forced to point the finger of fate. Sometimes men have said to me, what shall I do with my life? And I have seen myself for a moment wrapped in the dark cloak of Destiny.
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Once I know that I advised well.
I was a young man, and I lived in a modest apartment in London near Victoria Station. Late one afternoon, when I was beginning to think that I had worked enough for that day, I heard a ring at the bell. I opened the door to a total stranger. He asked me my name; I told him. He asked if he might come in.
“Certainly.”
I led him into my sitting-room and begged him to sit down. He seemed a trifle embarrassed. I offered him a cigarette and he had some difficulty in lighting it without letting go off his hat. When he had satisfactorily achieved this feat I asked him if I should not put it on a chair for him. He quickly did this and while doing it dropped his umbrella.
“I hope you don’t mind my coming to see you like this,” he said. “My name is Stephens and I am a doctor. You’re in the medical, I believe?”
“Yes, but I don’t practice.”
“No, I know. I’ve just read a book of yours about Spain and I wanted to ask you about it.”
“It’s not a very good book, I’m afraid.”
“The fact remains that you know something about Spain and there’s no one else who does. And I thought perhaps you wouldn’t mind giving me some information.”
“I shall be very glad.”
He was silent for a moment. He reached out for his hat and holding it in one hand absent-mindedly stroked it with the other. I surmised that it gave him confidence.
“I hope you won’t think it were odd for a perfect stranger to talk to you like this.”
He gave an apologetic laugh. “I am not going to tell you the story of my life.”
When people say this to me I always know that it is precisely what they are going to do. I do not mind. In fact I rather like it.
“I was brought up by two old aunts. I’ve never been anywhere. I’ve never done anything. I’ve been married for six years. I have no children. I am a medical officer at the Camberwell Infirmary. I can’t stick it any more.”
There was something very striking in the short, sharp sentences he used. They had a forcible ring. I had not given him more than a cursory glance, but now I looked at him with curiosity. He was a little man, thick-set and stout, of thirty perhaps; with a round red face from which shone small, dark and very bright eyes. His black hair was cropped close to a bullet-shaped head. He was dressed in a blue suit a good deal the worse for wear. It was baggy at the knees and the pockets bulged untidily.
“You know what the duties are of a medical officer in an infirmary. One day is pretty much like another. And that’s all I’ve got to look forward to for the rest of my life. Do you think it’s worth it?”
“It’s a means of livelihood,” I answered.
“Yes. I know. The money’s pretty good.”
“I don’t exactly know why you’ve come to me.”
“Well, I want to know whether you thought there would be any chance for an English doctor in Spain?”
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“Why Spain?”
“I don’t know, I just have a fancy for it.”
“It’s not like Carmen, you know.”
“But there is sunshine there, and there is good wine, and there is colour, and there is air you can breathe. Let me say what I have to say straight out. I heard by accident that there was no English doctor in Seville. Do you think I could earn a living there? Is it madness to give up a good save job for an uncertainty?”
“What does your wife think about it?”
“She is willing.”
“It’s a great risk.”
“I know. But if you say take it, I will; if you say stay where you are, I’ll stay.”
He was looking at me intently with those bright dark eyes of his and I knew that he meant what he said. I reflected for a moment.
“Your whole future is concerned: you must decide for yourself. But this I can tell you: if you don’t want money but are content to earn just enough to keep body and soul together, then go. For you will lead a wonderful life.”
He left me, I thought about him for a day or two, and then forgot. The episode passed completely from my memory.
Many years later, fifteen at least, I happened to be in Seville and having some trifling indisposition asked the hotel porter whether there was an English doctor in the town. He said there was and gave me the address. I took a cab and as I drove up to the house a little fat man came out of it. He hesitated when he caught sight of me.
“Have you come to see me?” he said. “I am an English doctor.” I explained my errand and he asked me to come in. He lived in an ordinary Spanish house, with a patio, and his consulting room which led out of it littered with papers, books, medical appliances, and lumber. The sight of it would have startled a squeamish patient. We did our business and then I asked the doctor what his fee was. He shook his head and smiled.
“There is no fee.”
“Why on earth not?”
“Don’t you remember me? Why, I’m here because of something you said to me. You changed my whole life for me. I’m Stephens.”
I had not the least notion what he was talking about. He reminded me of our interview, he repeated to me what we had said, and gradually, out of the night, a deem recollection of the incident came back to me.
“I was wondering if I’d ever see you again,” he said. “I was wondering if ever I’d have a chance of thanking you for all you’ve done for me.”
“It’s been a success then?”
I looked at him. He was very fat now and bald, but his eyes twinkled gaily and his fleshy, red face bore an expression of perfect good humour. The clothes he wore, terribly shabby they were, had been made obviously by a Spanish tailor and his hat was the white-brimmed sombrero of the Spaniard. He looked to me as though he knew a good bottle of wine when he saw it. He had a dissipated, though entirely sympathetic, appearance. You might have hesitated to let him remove your appendix, but you could not have imagined a more delightful creature to drink a glass of wine with.
“Surely you were married?” I asked.
“Yes. My wife didn’t like Spain, she went back to Camberwell, she was more at home there.”
“Oh, I’m sorry for that.”
His black eyes flashed a bacchanalian smile. He really had somewhat the look of young Silenus.
“Life is full of compensations,” he murmured.
The words were hardly out of his mouth when a Spanish woman, no longer in her first youth, but still boldly and voluptuously beautiful, appeared at the door. She spoke to him in Spanish, and I could not fail to perceive that she was the mistress of the house.
As he stood at the door to let me out he said to me:
“You told me when last I saw you that if I come here I should earn just enough money to keep body and soul together, but that I should lead a wonderful life. Well, I want to tell you that you were right. Poor I have been and poor I shall always be, but by heaven I’ve enjoyed myself. I wouldn’t exchange the life I’ve had with that of any king in the world.”
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1. What is the author’s method of telling the story? Point out the peculiarities of the plot structure.
2. Define the forms of presentation within the story.
3. What sources of characterization does the author employ to reveal the main character’s personality?
4. Compare Dr. Stephens’ manner of behaviour the first and the second time the narrator meets him.
5. Has the main character’s manner of speaking and vocabulary changed with the course of time?
6. Each time the author pays much attention to the character’s clothes. Why?
7. What is the author’s attitude toward Dr. Stephens? Does it undergo any change throughout the story? How do you know?
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