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VI. Прочитайте, перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык текст.

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УЧЕБНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Для студентов заочной формы обучения

(с полным сроком обучения, с ускоренным сроком обучения)

по дисциплине «Иностранный язык»

для направления подготовки (специальности) 09.03.01 Информатика и вычислительная техника

Общая трудоемкость дисциплины (модуля) – 9 зачетных единиц.

Форма текущего контроля в семестре – контрольная работа

Курсовая работа (курсовой проект) (КР, КП) – нет.

Форма промежуточного контроля в семестре – зачет (1,2,3 сем), экзамен (4-й семестр).

Краткое содержание курса

Перечень изучаемых разделов, тем дисциплины (модуля).

Раздел 1.

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу 1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса.

1. Имя существительное. Множественное число. Артикли и предлоги как показатели имени существительного. Выражения падежных отношений в английском языке и окончания –s. Существительное в функции определения и его перевод не русский язык.

2. Имя прилагательное. Степени сравнения имен прилагательных. Конструкции типа the more … the less.

3. Числительные.

4. Местоимения: личные, притяжательные, вопросительные, вопросительные, указательные, неопределенные и отрицательные.

5. Форма настоящего (Present), прошедшего (Past) и будущего (Future) времени группы Indefinite действительного залога изъявительного наклонения. Спряжение глаголов to be, to have в Present Past и Future Indefinite. Повелительное наклонение и его отрицательная форма.

6. Простое распространенное предложение: прямой порядок слов повествовательного и побудительного предложений в утвердительной и отрицательной формах; обратный порядок слов вопросительного предложения. Оборот there is (are).

7. Основные случаи словообразования.

Раздел 2.

Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить контрольую работу 2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Видо-временные формы глагола: а) активный залог – формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future); б) пассивный залог – формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future).

2. Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.

3. Модальные глаголы: а) выражающие возможность: can (could), may и эквивалент глагола сan – to be able; б) выражающие долженствование must, его эквиваленты to have to, to be to; should.

4. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Gerund – герундий, простые формы.

5. Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения (союзные); придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.

6. Интернациональные слова

Раздел 3.

Чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу 3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Грамматическая функции и значения слов that, one, it.

2. Пассивный залог (the Passive Voice) видо-временных форм Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.

3. Функции глаголов to be, to have, to do.

4. Простые неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив в функции а) подлежащего, б) составной части сказуемого, в) определения, г) обстоятельства цели.

5. Бессоюзное подчинение в определительных и дополнительных придаточных предложениях.

Раздел 4.

Чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу 4, необходимо усвоить грамматику английского языка, а также лексику по специальности:

Используйте образцы выполнения упражнений, приведенные пред каждой контрольной работой.

Рекомендации по определению варианта:

Каждое контрольное задание в данных рекомендациях предлагается в пяти вариантах. Вы должны выполнить один из пяти вариантов в соответствии с последними цифрами вашей зачетной книжки: студенты, номер зачетной книжки которых оканчивается на 1 или 2, выполняют вариант № 1; на 3 или 4 − № 2; на 5 или 6 − № 3; на 7 или 8 − № 4; на 9 или 0 − № 5

Выполнять письменные контрольные работы следует в отдельной тетради. На обложке тетради напишите свою фамилию, группы, номер контрольной работы.

Контрольные работы должны выполняться чернилами, аккуратно, четким почерком. При выполнении контрольной работы оставляйте в тетради широкие поля для замечаний, объяснений и методических указаний рецензента.

Материал контрольной работы следует располагать в тетради по следующему образцу:

Левая страница	Правая страница
Поля	Английский текст	Русский текст	Поля

В тетради, перед каждым выполненным упражнением, обязательно должно быть записано задание.

Контрольные работы должны быть выполнены в той последовательности, в которой они даны в настоящих рекомендациях.

Выполненные контрольные работы направляйте для проверки и рецензирования в институт в установленные сроки.

Если контрольная работа выполнена без соблюдения указаний или не полностью, она возвращается без проверки.

Семестр I [1]

Форма текущего контроля

Контрольная работа №_ 1 __

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 1 (К упр.1)

Грамматическая функция окончания –s

1. The student attended lectures Студенты посещают лекции и семинары

and seminars от the History по истории

Lectures - множественное число от имени существительного a lecture лекция

2. He lectures on economy. Он читает лекции по экономике.

Lectures – 3-е лицо единственного числа от глагола to lecture в Present Indefinite

3. My brother’s son is a student Сын моего брата студент.

В слове brother’s ‘s – окончание притяжательного падежа имени существительного в единственном числе.

My brothers’ sons are students. Сыновья моих братьев студенты.

Слово brother s’ – форма притяжательного падежа имени существительного a brother во множественном числе.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 2 (К упр.II)

Особенности перевода на русский язык английских имен существительных, употребляющихся в функции определения, стоящего перед определяемым словом.

1. The scientist works at some Этот ученый работает над некоторыми

problems of low temperature physics.проблемами физики низких температур.

2. This girl studies at the Patris Эта девушка учится в университете Дружбы

Lumumba Friendship University. народов имени Патриса Лумумбы.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 3 (К упр.III)

Lomonosov founded the first Ломоносов основал первый русский

Russian University in Moscow. университет в Москве.

Founded – Past Indefinite Active от стандартного глагола to found.

Вариант 1

I. Поставьте артикль определенный (the) или неопределенный (a, an) в предложениях, если нужно. Предложения переведите.

1. Yesterday I saw … new film, but … film wasn’t very interesting.

2. … London is situated оn … Thames.

3. … Yuri Gagarin was … first man to fly over … Earth in spaceship.

4. My daughter will go to … school next year.

II. Перепишите предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

· показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

· признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

· Показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

1. Не works as an engineer.

2. A surface has two dimensions: length and breadth.

3. This young woman is my friend’s sister.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. Our professor prefers new research methods.

2. They change the office telephone number.

3. My friend has three room apartment.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и переведите их на русский язык.

1. BASIC is one of the easiest programming languages.

2. Logical operations are as reasonable as mathematical ones.

3. The more complex the apparatus is the more reliable it is.

4. Mainframes are the most expensive computers.

5. Minicomputers are bigger than microcomputers.

V. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1. This element has some important properties.

2. The teacher’s assistant measures everything with great degree of accuracy.

3. She never says anything about her studies.

4. Every student is present at the lecture today.

VI. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык

1. The central processing unit carries out a variety of computations, numeric comparisons.

2. The object code programs created for these processors.

3. We will discuss the design philosophy behind the PC family.

VII. Перепишите следующие предложения, вместо пропусков вставьте нужный модальный глагол или его эквивалент; переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. We... cancel the meeting. The proposals are not ready yet.

a) may b) can c) have to

2. Sorry I won't be in Moscow at that time. I... go to Minsk. My parents will celebrate their fortieth wedding anniversary.

a) must b) need to c) may

3. You... thank them. They have done so much for you.

a) can b) may c) ought to

4. The shop was losing money, so they... close down.

a) must b) had to c) could

VIII. Прочитайте перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык текст.

My future profession

(Part I)

Computer industry is developing so fast, that it comprisesalmost all spheres of professional life. No business now is possible without computers. This is especially true about automated manufacturing of products and robotics. Computer control of automated production opens new horizons for the cheap and quality production of goods. Information is now generated, transmitted, received, and stored electronically through computer networks on a scale unprecedented in history, and there is every indication that the explosive rate of growth in this field will continue.

Computer engineering is a general field. It deals with both electric and electronic industries.

Electronic engineering deals with the research, design, integration, and application of circuits and devices used in the transmission and processing of information.

Engineers in the field of electric and electronic engineering are concerned with all aspects of electrical communications, such as the design of telephone systems. In designing communication systems, engineers rely on various branches of advanced mathematics. Engineers work on control systems which are used extensively in automated manufacturing and in robotics.

Вариант 2

1. I decided to visit … Ivanovs, but they were not at … home.

2. In … summer we lived in … country.

3. … Lomonosov, … great Russian scientist.

4. He was born in … small village on … shore of … White Sea.

· показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

· признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

Показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

1. These are the famous scientist’s inventions.

2. These lines are short.

3. This program works properly.

1. Space research laboratories have modern equipment.

2. In our country many state supported public schools.

3. This workshop has high voltage transmission line design.

4. Microcomputers are not so big as minicomputers.

5. Mainframes are the biggest computers.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и переведите их на русский язык.

1. ARJ is much more efficient with larger documents.

2. The smaller the computer the faster it operates.

3. The old method is not so efficient as the new one but less expensive.

1. There is something in the tube.

2. No student uses these instruments.

3. Every body is present at the lecture today.

4. Nobody puts water into the tube.

1. The microprocessor refers data in response to programs.

2. The 8086 processors introduced IA segmentation.

3. In future computers will understand human language.

1. You... exercise every day to keep fit.

a) can b) may c) must

2. He is overworking. He really... go to bed earlier.

a) may b) can c) should

3. I have a splitting headache. I... take an aspirin.

a) may b) can c) must

4. I know you... do the job because you have knowledge and experience.

a) can b) may c) have to

VIII. Прочитайте перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык текст.

My future profession

(Part II)

Major developments in the field of communications and control have been the replacement of analogue systems with digital systems; fibre optics is used now instead of copper cables. Digital systems offer far greater immunity to electrical noise. Fibre optics is likewise immune to interference; they also have great carrying capacity, and are extremely light and inexpensive to manufacture.

Computer engineering is now the most rapidly growing field. The electronics of computers is the design and manufacture of memory systems, of central processing units, and of peripheral devices. The most prospective industry now is the Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) and new computer architectures. The field of computer science is closely related to computer engineering; however, the task of making computers more «intelligent» (artificial intelligence), through creation of sophisticated programs or development of higher level machine languages or other means, is generally regarded as the dream of computer science.

One current trend in computer engineering is microminiaturization. Engineers continue to work to fit greater and greater numbers of circuit elements onto smaller and smaller chips.

Another trend is towards increasing the speed of computer operations through the use of parallel processors and superconducting materials.

Вариант 3

1. … United States of America is one of … most powerful countries of … world.

2. Is your dress made of … silk or … cotton?

3. What … strange man he is!

4. … Volga is … longest river in … Europe.

· показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

· признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

Показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

1. The flowers are beautiful.

2. Winter begins in December.

3. This is Ann’s book, I don’t like such books.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным

1. The North Pole expedition made very important investigations.

2. All technical students have foreign language studies for two first years.

3. The Lenin Library has two million volumes.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и переведите их на русский язык.

1. The old computers were less efficient than the modern ones.

2. Henry is more and more satisfied with his job.

3. The capabilities of an analog computer are not so great as those of an digital one.

4. Mainframes are the biggest computers.

5. Mainframes are the most powerful computers.

1. There is no difference between these two figures.

2. Do you give books to everybody?

3. Some 15 tables hang on the walls.

4. Is there a tube anywhere on the shelf?

1. The central processing unit controls the computer’s basic operations.

2. In 1969 Intel designed the first microprocessor.

3. Computer of the future will use biological functions of plants and animals.

1. We told him he... go home.

a) could b) may c) can

2.You... drive carefully, it's foggy today.

a) can b) could c) should

3.Times are hard but I... survive.

a) may b) ought to c) must

4..... you travel to the UK without a visa?

a) should b) must c) can

VIII. Прочитайте перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык текст

WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

The term computer is used to describe a device made up of a combination of electronic and electromechanical components. Computer has no intelligence by itself and is referred to as hardware. A computer system is a combination of five elements:

• Hardware

• Software

• People

• Procedures

• Data/information

When one computer system is set up to communicate with another computer system, connectivity becomes the sixth system element.

Software is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task. Without software instructions, the hardware doesn't know what to do. People, however, are the most important component of the computer system: they create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present.

The basic job of the computer is the processing of information. Computers accept information in the form of instruction called a program and characters called data to perform mathematical and logical operations, and then give the results. The data is raw material while information is organized, processed, refined and useful for decision making. Computer is used to convert data into information

Вариант 4

1. His brother is … student and we are … pupils.

2. What would you like … apple or … orange?

3. What is … nearest way to … Drama Theatre?

4. … Rostov is situated on … Don.

· показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

· признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

Показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

1. Mr. Black says that Geometry is an important subject for students.

2. These disks are hard.

3. The wild animals’ life.

1. He likes to listen the twentieth century music.

2. The workers install the new transformer in this shop.

3. Moscow has very heavy city traffic.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и переведите их на русский язык.

1. ARJ is the best in compression.

2. The material of the textbook becomes less and less difficult.

3. What is the best way to compile a program?

4. Microcomputers are not so powerful as mainframes.

5. Mainframes are the biggest computers.

1. Somebody works in the laboratory every morning.

2. He says nothing about his tests.

3. He puts some water into the tube.

4. No tables hang on the walls.

1. Data passes through input/output ports.

2. The Pentium ® II processor added MMX^TMinstructions to the Pentium ® Pro processor architecture.

3. Each new generation of computer will open new possibilities for basic and applied research.

1. She... visit her parents more often.

a) may b) should c) needs to

2. The child …not part with his old teddy bear.

a) shall b) can c) may

3. — Must I work this weekend? — No, you....

a) mustn't b) can't c) needn't

4. It is difficult to work with her. Sometimes she... be very hard to deal with.

a) can b) must c) have to

VIII. Прочитайте, перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык текст

PROCESSING HARDWARE

Processing hardware. The purpose of processing hardware is retrieve, interpret and direct the execution of software instructions provided to the computer. The most common components of processing hardware are the Central Processing Unit and main memory.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It reads and interprets software instructions and coordinates the processing activities that must take place. The design of the CPU affects the processing power and the speed of the computer, as well as the amount of main memory it can use effectively. With a well-designed CPU in your computer, you can perform highly sophisticated tasks in a very short time.

Memory is the system of component of the computer in which information is stored. There are two types of computer memory: RAM and ROM.

RAM (random access memory) is the volatile computer memory, used for creating loading, and running programs and for manipulating and temporarily storing data;

ROM (read only memory) is nonvolatile, non-modifiable computer memory, used to hold programmed instructions to the system. The more memory you have in your computer, the more operations you can perform.

Вариант 5

1. We shall go to … cinema … next week together with … Petrovs.

2. What … good friend you are!

3. … butter and cheese are made of milk.

4. … Baltic Sea is on … South of … Russia.

· показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

· признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

Показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

1. In summer the sky is blue and the sun shines brightly.

2. Those programs are of the same type.

3. My brother’s children are at home.

1. In our library there are many high quality textbooks.

2. The tram stop is three block of flats from here.

3. In this region there is the world’s largest iron ore deposits.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и переведите их на русский язык.

1. ARJ compresses a little better than ARJ 7.00.

2. The more you read the more you learn.

3. Much less details are necessary for the new model.

4. Mainframes are the biggest computers.

5. Mainframes are more expensive than microcomputers.

1. My friends always go anywhere in summer.

2. Everyone makes experiments in the laboratories.

3. Somebody puts water into a tube.

4. Any body has mass and weight.

1. The input/output ports connect the various memory and support chips to the bus.

2. We will point out the similarities and differences between the different microprocessors.

3. Not long ago computers were not very reliable and comparatively slow in operation.

1. Jack... look for another job in a month. His position was cut back (coкращена).

a) can b) have to c) must

2.... I park my car here? — No, you (...). It is a no parking zone.

a) can b) may c) shall

3. Simon borrowed $2,000 for a year; the year is almost over and he... pay it back.

a) have to b) can c) may

4. I hate to say that but I... cancel the meeting. The proposals are not ready yet.

a) have to b) must c) need

VIII. Прочитайте, перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык текст

STORAGE and OUTPUT HARDWARE

The purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and data in a form that is relatively permanent and retrieve when needed for processing. Storage hardware serves the same basic functions as do office filling systems except that it stores data as electromagnetic signals. The most common ways of storing data are Hard disk, floppy disk and CD-ROM.

Hard disk is a rigid disk coated with magnetic material, for storing programs and relatively large amounts of data.

CD-ROM (compact disc read only memory) is a compact disc on which a large amount of digitized read-only data can be stored.

The purpose of output hardware is to provide the user with the means to view information produced by the computer system. Information is output in either hardcopy or soft copy form. Hardcopy output can be held in your.hand, such as paper with text (word or numbers) or graphics printed on it. Soft copy output is displayed on a monitor.

Monitor is a component with a display screen for viewing computer data, television programs, etc. Printer is a computer output device that produces a paper copy of data or graphics.

Hardware comes in many configurations, depending on what the computer system is designed to do. Hardware can fill several floors of a large office building or can fit on your lap.

Семестр II [2]

Форма текущего контроля

Контрольная работа №_ 2_ _

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 1 (К УПР. 1)

а) Lobachevsky’s geometry had Геометрия Лобачевского произвела

revolutionized mathematics and коренное изменение в математике и

philosophy of science. философии науки.

had revolutionized – Past perfect Active от глагола to revolutionize

б) The new laboratory equipment Вчера послали за новым оборудованием

was sent for yesterday. лаборатории.

was sent for – Past Indefinite Passive от глагола to send

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 1 (К УПР. II)

1. The changes affecting theИзменения, влияющие на состав материалов,

composition of materials are называются химическими изменениями.

called chemical changes.

affecting -Participle I, определение

2. When heated to the boiling Когда воду нагревают до точки кипения, она

point water evaporates. испаряется (или: При нагревании до точки

кипения вода испаряется).

(When) heated – Participle II, обстоятельство

3. Heat is radiated by the Sun to the Earth Тепло излучается Солнцем на Землю.

radiated – Participle II, составная часть видо-временной формы Present Indefinite Passive oт глагола to radiate.

Вариант 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол- сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1.Radio, electronics and television have already found great application in industry, transport and medicine.

2.The water in the tube is boiling

3.The information about these conditions was being studied by our group for a week.

4.The young specialists were offered to concentrate their efforts on the construction of bridges.

5.The engineers will be asked to make an experimental model of the device.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. London is not only the centre of commerce and finance but also a great port with many of the imported and exported goods passing through it.

2. Arranging all the existing elements in the Table Mendeleev overcame great difficulties, as a considerable number of elements were unknown at that time.

3. The results of the experiment made in our laboratory were good.

4. Much coal is consumed by the power station.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. We must use new methods in our research work.

2. The students were unable to work without their teacher’s help.

3. Every technical student is to study mathematics for some years.

4. He had to work hard to improve his project.

VI. Прочитайте, перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык текст.

USING SOFTWARE

Software is the set of programs, procedures, and related documentation associated with a computer system. A program is a coded set of instructions that interprets the information you give to the computer with the keyboard or a mouse, and directs your computer to carry out a task.

Different kinds of software perform different kinds of tasks. Examples kinds of software are operating systems, such as MS-DOS, Windows 95 and its enhanced versions and programs Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Office. There is a wide variety of software programs including word processors, accounting packages, computer-aided design systems and games.

The operating system gets your computer running and controls the operation of your computer's activities. It manages the flow, entry, and display of software and data to and from each part of your computer system. To run a program, you first need to run the operating system. Some years ago the Microsoft disk operating system (MS-DOS) or a computer manufacturer's version of MS-DOS was the operating system most widely used with personal computers. Nowadays it is Windows 98, 2000, XP and others.

When you start a program, you see information on your screen, such as menus and commands. While you are using a program, the operating system is managing your computer's activities. It moves instructions and files from one part of your computer system to another as you choose commands and type information.

Вариант 2

1. The scientist made lots of experiments.

2. We shall have done our work by 6 o’clock.

3. One of the machine-tool is being worked at in our country.

4. We were shown a new allow which will be used in modern technology.

5. The original design of the round conveyer was already referred to in some journals.

1. Entering or leaving the room with ladies don’t rush before them.

2. The assistant was preparing the solution very carefully.

3. The data required were analyzed in our laboratory.

4. Heated glass is plastic.

1. Due to the energy of the atom man can produce electric energy at atomic power stations.

2. You needn’t take all these measurements, we already know the result.

3. Physicists have to place the atom completely at the service of man.

4. The students are to be at the laboratory at 8 o’clock.

VI. Прочитайте, перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык текст.

What is MS-DOS?

MS-DOS – is one of the first operating systems that look after the running of your computer; and like other operating systems, manages the flow of information to and from the various parts of your computer systems. It lets you create and keep track of files, run and link programs, and make use of peripheral devices (for example, printers and disk drives) attached to your computer.

Because your computer can run with one of several different operating systems the operating system is not built into the computer. Instead, it is loaded from disk when the computer is started up.

Once the operating system has been loaded into the computer's memory the disk from which it was loaded may be removed if required. The operating system needs to be reloaded only if part has been overwritten (when using very large programs, for example) or when the computer is restarted. You work with MS-DOS by typing or choosing commands, which direct your system to perform these tasks:

- Manage files and directories;

- Maintain disks;

- Configure hardware;

- Optimize the use of memory;

- Speed up programs;

- Customize MS-DOS;

There are two ways you can work with MS-DOS – by using MS-DOS Shell or by typing commands at the command prompt.

The MS-DOS command line is where you type commands. The command prompt indicates that you are at the command line. The prompt may be the drive letter followed by a backslash (C:\or A:\, for example) or a backslash and the name directory (C; \STATUS, for example).

The letter indicates which disk drive is the current drive. MS-DOS searches the current drive for the information it needs to process the commands you type.

Вариант 3

1. The laboratory assistant was writing down all the data during our experiment.

2. By the end of the last century scientists had made the first attempts to obtain new material.

3. Now solar energy and its usage are being studied by a lot of research groups.

4. The machine-tool was mounted on a special work-bench.

5. The model of the device will be worked at in the plant laboratory.

1. We need devices improving the accuracy of measurements.

2. While burning different substances combine with oxygen.

3. Some heat resistant types of glasses can be heated until they are red and do not break if then placed into ice water.

4. The boiling solution has neither colour nor ordour.

1. You may use this instrument for measuring the pressure.

2. This power station was to supply us with all necessary energy.

3. The lecture is to begin at 9 o’clock.

4. We ought to come in time.

VI. Прочитайте, перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык текст.

USING FILES AND DIRECTORIES

The information your computer uses is stored on disks in files. A file is a collection of related information such as a computer program or the text of a letter. Each file is given a unique name, and each filename is stored in a directory. The instructions used to run a program are stored in program files, and the information you create by using a program is stored in data files.

As you work with a program, operating system processes the information stored in program files and passes it along to your system when it is needed. When you are finished using the program, your data files are stored on a disk.

When referring to a file, you must use a file specification. This consists of a pathname, a filename and an extension (if there is one).

File extension can be up to three characters long and are used to identify the contents of a file. Operating system automatically defines the meaning of some file extensions. Others can be assigned as you wish. For example,.TXT can be used to indicate a text file.

You assign each file a name so that you can identify its contents. For example, suppose you use a word-processing program to write the notes for a meeting you attended. You might assign the name MINUTES to the data file that contains these notes.

Organizing your files into directories and subdirectories on a disk is like organizing your documents into file folders and then storing them in the drawers of a file cabinet.

Operating system has rules for naming files. It also includes several commands that you can use to work with files.

Вариант 4

1.Our country has made great achievements in all fields of industry, technology and science.

2.From time to time the laboratory assistant looks up at the solution which is boiling on the burner.

3.The flame of the burner is being regulated, the powerful ventilators are being turned on.

4.When the delegation arrived, the designer was sent for.

5.All the metal parts are cut automatically.

1. When heated a magnet loses its magnetism.

2. A molecule is a compound consisting of two or more atoms.

3. Oxygen is soluble in water becoming a liquid at about 180˚ C.

4. Some new properties of the polymer found during the experiments were quite unexpected.

1. The planet Pluto is so far away that we cannot study it easily.

2. They ought to help their friend to solve this important problem.

3. Nobody was able to understand this mysterious phenomenon.

4. The solar batteries must heat and light homes.

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