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Obstetrics and Gynecology. Textbook in 2 volumes. Volume 2 Gynecology. Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФГАОУВО «КРЫМСКИЙ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ имени В. И. Вернадского
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ РФ
МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ
имени С. И. Георгиевского
Коллектив авторов
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
TEXTBOOK IN 2 VOLUMES
(Учебник)
VOLUME 2 GYNECOLOGY
По редакцией профессора А. Н. Рыбалка
Симферополь
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФГАОУВО «КРЫМСКИЙ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ имени В. И. Вернадского
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ РФ
МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ
имени С. И. Георгиевского
КОЛЛЕКТИВ АВТОРОВ
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
TEXTBOOK IN 2 VOLUMES
(Учебник)
VOLUME 2 GYNECOLOGY
По редакцией профессора А. Н. Рыбалка
Симферополь
УДК 618. 1+618. 2/7(07): 371. 64/69.
ББК
Р-93
ISBN
| INTRODUCTION. DEFINITION OF OBSTETRICS. HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF OBSTETRICS. DEONTOLOGY IN OBSTETRICS. | 3 - 7 |
| CHAPTER 1. THE FACTS FROM THE HISTORY OF IVF | 8 - 18 |
| CHAPTER 2. ORGANIZATION OF OBSTETRIC ASSISTANCE. MATERNITY WELFARE CLINIC IN PREVENTION OF MATERNITY AND PERINATAL DISEASE INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY | 19 - 25 |
| CHAPTER 3. Asepsis and Antisepsis in Obstetrics | 26 - 31 |
| CHAPTER 4. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations and hereditary diseases of the fetus. | 32 - 38 |
| CHAPTER 5. Fertilization. The development of embryonic membranes and placenta | 39 - 48 |
| CHAPTER 6. ANATOMY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS | 49 - 68 |
| CHAPTER 7. ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC EXAMINATION IN OBSTRETRICS | 69 - 84 |
| CHAPTER 8. MATERNAL PELVIS AS A PASSAGE, FETUS AS A PASSENGER IN LABOR | 85 - 91 |
| Chapter 9. Physiological changes in maternal organism during pregnancy | 92 - 102 |
| CHAPTER 10. Obstetric EXAMINATION. | 103 - 147 |
| Chapter 11. Diagnosis of pregnancy | 148 – 152 |
| Chapter 12. Hygienic Regimen and dietetics of pregnant | 153 - 159 |
| CHAPTER 13. MECHANISM OF LABOR IN different types of CEPHALIC PRESENTATIONS | 160 - 174 |
| CHAPTER 14. Physiology of LABOR AND DELIVERY | 175 - 189 |
| CHAPTER 15. Preparation of pregnants for labor and delivery. Pain relief in labor | 190 - 196 |
| CHAPTER 16. PHYSIOLOGY OF PUERPERAL PERIOD | 197 – 204 |
| CHAPTER 17. The course of pregnancy and labor in breech presentations | 205 - 216 |
| CHAPTER 18. TRANSVERSE AND OBLIQUE LYING OF THE FETUS | 217 - 222 |
| CHAPTER 19. Obstetric Versions and Extractions of the Fetus by the podalic end | 223 - 232 |
| Chapter 20. Multiple pregnancy | 233 - 241 |
| Chapter 21. Abnormal fetal development. The diseases of the fetus. amniotic membranes and placenta | 242 - 255 |
| Chapter 22. nausea and vomiting in pregnancy | 256 - 261 |
| Chapter 23. Hypertension in pregnancy | 262 - 276 |
| Chapter 24. MISCARRIAGE, PREMATURу BIRTH. Isthmico-Cervical Incompetence. POST-TERM PREGNANCY | 277 - 292 |
| CHAPTER 25. POSTTERM PREGNANCY | 293- 297 |
| CHAPTER 26. EXTRAGENITAL DISEASES WITH PREGNANCY | 298 - 347 |
| Chapter 27. Isoimmunization in pregnancy | 348 - 359 |
| CHAPTER 28. BLEEDINGS DURING PREGNANCY AND 1-2 STAGES OF LABOR | 360- 375 |
| CHAPTER 29. BLEEDINGS DURING PLACENTAL STAGE OF LABOR AND IN PUERPERAL period | 376 - 385 |
| CHAPTER 30. ABNORMALITIES OF LABOR PAINS | 386 - 391 |
| CHAPTER 31. CONTRACTED PELVIS | 392 - 405 |
| CHAPTER 32. MATERNAL INJURIES IN LABOR AND DELIVERY | 406 - 420 |
| CHAPTER 33. THE MAIN TYPES OF OBSTETRIC OPERATIONS | 421 - 438 |
| CHAPTER 34. SEPTIC PUERPERAL DISEASES | 439 - 446 |
| CHAPTER 35. PERINATOLOGY. CONCEPTION OF A FETOPLACENTAL SYSTEM | 447 - 453 |
| CHAPTER 36. INJURIES TO A NEWBORN | 454 - 457 |
| CHAPTER 37. DISEASES OF A NEWBORN | 458 - 466 |
| CHAPTER 38. EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE | 467 - 488 |
| CHAPTER 39. VIRAL INFECTIONS | 489 - 507 |
| Appendixes | |
| Appendix 1. The list of obligatory practical skills | |
| Appendix 2. Drugs in obstetric practice | 509 - 544 |
| Appendix 3. Commonly used abbreviations | 545 - 547 |
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Introduction.
Definition of obstetrics. History of development of obstetrics. Deontology in obstetrics.
Obstetrics (from French accoucher — to give birth) is the most ancient branch of medical science and practice. The word obstetrics is derived from the Latin obstetricia, or obstetrix meaning midwife. The verb form obsto (ob- before; sto- stand) means to stand by. Thus, in ancient Rome a person who cared for women at childbirth was known as an obstetrix, or a person who stood by the woman in labor. The term obstetrix really came into use a little more than a century ago, although reference to a variety of words of common derivation can be found occasionally in earlier writings.
Nowadays obstetrics is devoted to the study of physiological and pathological processes which are going on in a woman’s organism in connection with conception, pregnancy, birth and postpartum period’ and also to prophylaxis of pathological processes.
The origin of obstetrics, as well as general medicine, ascends to the long-ago of humanity.
History of Development of Obstetrics
Primitive Communal System
It is possible to assume that in the period of matriarchy the feasible help to the woman giving birth was rendered by a woman senior in the family. One cannot exclude the possibility that in that distant time a woman gave birth without any help, she just bit through an umbilical cord, as it is done by animals.
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The perfection of tools, domestication of wild animals and transition to shepherding resulted in accumulation of new knowledge, for example, in anatomy — at slaughter of animals, at rendering help to animals in case of difficult confinement.
In the epoch of patriarchy there was a gradual transition from stone tools to metallic ones that promoted the development of agriculture, the improvement of living conditions of man.
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