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Use the conversation from Task 6 to complete the paralegal’s




l etter to the client.

 

GREEN & WILSON

L A W Y E R S

Dear____________________________________________________

 

I am pleased to enclose the following documents:

 

________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________

 

Please sign the relevant documents and return them to us as soon as possible.

 

Janine Davies

 

Paralegal

 

 

Unit 5

Court structure

Before you read the passage, talk about these questions.

a) What are some different kinds of courts in your country?

b) What types of cases do the different courts hear?

 

Read the text about court structure.

Are the following statements true or false?

1. District courts review decisions that people protest.

2. Cases involving state laws are not heard in a federal court.

3. The Supreme Court hears all cases that are brought to it.

 

Understanding the Levels of US Federal Courts

 

District courts – These are general courts. But in some cases, the jurisdiction is passed to specialized courts. These include: bankruptcy courts, tax courts and the court of private land claims.

Court of Appeals – The Court of Appeals reviews all decisions in the lower courts that people object to.

State courts – These courts decide disputes that pertain to state laws rather than federal laws.

The Supreme Court – This is another appeals court, but it is the only court that operates under discretionary review. This means it can choose which cases to hear. The Supreme Court is also called a High Court in some countries.

 

Read the sentence and choose the correct word.

1. The (District / Supreme) Court decided not to review

Ms. Wright’s case against the company.

2. The case does not involve federal law, so it has to go through

the (state / bankruptcy) court.

3. The district court has (jurisdiction / claim) in Mr. Trujillo’s. case.

4. If Ms. Davis wants her money back, she needs to go through the

small (claims / discretionary) court.

 

Use the words from the bank to fill in the blanks.

discretionary review specialized

Supreme Appeals bankruptcy

 

1. The ___________ Court is called the High Court in Australia.

2. John decided to go to the Court of __________ because he didn’t

Agree with the decision.

3. The court will ___________ Mr. Allistair’s case next month.

4. Mr. Anderson is going to the ____________ court because he lost

a lot of money but has no way to pay it back.

5. The court has ___________ powers, so it may decide not to

investigate the case.

6. Ms. Ming’s case will go to a __________ court, not a general

court.

 

Listen and read the text again. What types of courts are there

In the USA?

 

Listen to a conversation between a client and his attorney. Then

a nswer the questions. Which courts might the client’s case be

Heard in?

- a state court

- a district court

- a court of appeal

- a specialized court

- the Supreme Court

 

Listen again and complete the conversation.

Client (M): So, is my case going to the 1 ________courts?

 

Attorney (F): No, that’s not going to happen.

 

Client: Why not? It’s a dispute with the state.

 

Attorney: Well, 2 _________courts usually have jurisdiction

over smaller cases like yours.

 

Client: I see. What do we do if the district court 3 ________

against us?

 

Attorney: We ask for the case to be 4 _________ in the

Court of Appeals.

 

Client: And they have to 5 _________it, right?

 

Attorney: Yes. There’s no 6 ________review in appeals

courts. That’s reserved for the Supreme Court.

 

Use the conversation from Task 7 to complete a lawyer’s

Letter to a client.

 

T a m s i n G r e e r,

A t t o r n e y

 

Dear Mr. Moisey,

 

In response to your question, your case is not going to

the ______. It is going to a _______ because _____.

 

If you do not agree with the decision, the case goes to an

_______. They have to review it because _________.

 

Yours faithfully,

T. Greer

Unit 6

Jurisdiction

Before you read the passage, talk about these questions.

a) What are some things that determine which court hears

a certain case?

b) Sometimes a case could be heard in more than one type

of court. Why do you think this is?

Read the text and complete the table using information from it.

J u r i s d i c t i o n

Jurisdiction is the authority to judge legal matters. Jurisdiction is given to legal bodies or political leaders. There are three main types of jurisdiction:

1. Personal jurisdiction is authority over a person.

2. Territorial jurisdiction is authority over an area.

3. Subject jurisdiction is authority over a particular subject.

Jurisdiction in courts can be exclusive or concurrent. With exclusive court jurisdiction, only one court is able to decide the issue. With concurrent jurisdiction, more than one court is able to adjudicate. In this case, lawyers are able to go forum shopping. They choose the court which is more likely to rule in favor of their clients.

1 -------------------------- Authority over a person
Territorial jurisdiction 2 -------------------------
3 --------------------------- Authority in one particular subject
Exclusive Jurisdiction 4 ---------------------------
5 --------------------------- More than one court can decide the issue

Choose the sentence that uses the underlined parts correctly.

1 A The district court has subject jurisdiction over ten towns in the

area.

B The lawyer was happy when the court ruled in favor of

his client.

2 A The manager has authority over all the workers in his

team.

B The judge went forum shopping to find a court to hear

his case.

 

3 A Schools, shops and churches are legal bodies.

B Judge Reynolds is going to adjudicate the case.

Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined

Part.

1. Mr. Jones wants to know which court has authority over

a region in this town.

t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i _ _ j _ _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ o _

 

2. The district court’s jurisdiction in this matter is the only one.

e _ _ l _ _ _ _ _

3. In which circumstances does a court have authority over a

c ertain type of person?

p _ _ _ _ n _ _ _ u _ _ _ _ _ c _ _ _ _

4. Jurisdiction for the case is under the authority of several

different courts.

_ o _ _ _ r _ __ _ _

5. Ms. Carter is choosing a court to see which court is likely to

rule in her client’s favor.

f _ _ u _ _ _ o _ _ i _ g

 

6. The Department of Justice is one of the organizations that

enforce laws in the US.

_ e _ _ l _ o _ i _ _

 

7. The case is being heard in a civil court since that court has

authority over the topic.

 

_ u _ _ e _ _ _ j _ _ _ s _ _ c _ _ _ _

 

Listen and read the text again. How many types of jurisdiction

Are there?

Listen to a conversation between two attorneys discussing a case.

Choose the correct answers.

1. Why does the man think the case is going to the district court?

A The case relates to a particular subject.

B He believes it has exclusive jurisdiction.

C He asked to have it tried in the district court.

D It might rule in their favor.

2. What is most likely to happen next?

A The man is going to research the subject of the case.

B The woman is going to adjudicate the case in the district

court.

C The woman is going to see which legal bodies have

jurisdiction.

D The man is going to make sure the case is under territorial

jurisdiction.

 

Listen again and complete the conversation.

Lawyer 1: Which court is this case going to?

 

Lawyer 2: Probably to the district court. It has 1 ________

jurisdiction.

 

Lawyer 1: A subject-specific court is able to 2 _______ this

matter, too. Right?

 

Lawyer 2: I don’t think so.

 

Lawyer 1: Really? I thought jurisdiction was 3 _______.

 

Lawyer 2: You’re 4 _______to check. But I don’t think any

other 5 ______ ______have authority.

 

Lawyer 1: I’ll find out. I think we could choose a court

more likely to rule in our 6 ______.

 

Lawyer 2: I hope you’re right.

Use the conversation from Task 7 to complete the attorney’s

Notes.

N O T E S

The case is likely to go to the _____ ______ because ____.

______ believes that ______ can also _______.

We must check whether there is ______ _______.

Then we can choose a court that ______.

Unit 7

Jury Duty

  1. Before you read the passage, talk about these questions.

a) Who must be in a courtroom during the trial?

b) How can lawyers be sure that jurors will be fair?

 

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