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Упражнения для развития навыков устной речи
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Упражнение 1. Найдите на рис. 5 местоположение перечисленных ниже г нов и запишите их в тетрадь под обозначенным номером. Затем выпишите английские названия этих узлов.
Двигатель, сцепление, коробка передач, карданный вал, задний мост, главная передача, дифференциал, рессоры, колеса, система рулевого управления, тормоза.
Engine, clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle, final drive, differential, springs, wheels, steering system, brakes.
Упражнение 2. Прочтите диалог, а затем разыграйте его, используя рис. 5 в качестве опоры.
Teacher: Can you tell me English equivalents to: двигатель, сцепление, коробка передач, тормоза и ручное управление?
Student: Yes, I can. They are the engine, clutch, gearbox, brakes and steering system.
Т.: Do you know what main units the automobile consists of?
S.: Yes, I do. They are the chassis, the body and the engine.
T.: What is the source of power?
S.: The engine is. It makes the car wheels rotate and the car move.
Т.: What unit of the car carries the power to the wheels?
S.: The transmission does.
T.: What mechanisms does the transmission consist of?
S.: It consists of the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle, final drive and differential. It also includes brakes and steering system.
Т.: And what is the clutch used for?
S.: It is used for disengaging the engine from the car wheels.
Т.: What is the function of the brakes?
S.: They are necessary to slow or stop the car.
Т.: And what about the steering system?
S.: It is used to turn the car in the direction the driver wants to go.
T.: That is right. You know the subject very well.
1. фара, сблокированная с указателем поворота;
2. радиатор системы охлаждения;
3. аккумуляторная батарея;
4. распределитель зажигания;
5. воздушный фильтр;
6. двигатель;
7. вакуумный усилитель с главным цилиндром гидропривода тормозов;
8. главный цилиндр гидропривода выключения сцепления;
9. рулевое колесо;
10. внутреннее зеркало заднего вида;
11. заднее сиденье;
12. запасное колесо;
13. задний тормоз;
14. пружина задней подвески;
15. амортизатор задней подвески;
16. задний мост;
17. карданная передача;
18. переднее сиденье;
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19. наружное зеркало заднего вида;
20. рычаг стояночного тормоза;
21. рычаг переключения передач;
22. коробка передач;
23. педаль гидропривода сцепления;
24. педаль гидропривода тормозов;
25. педаль акселератора;
26. рулевой механизм;
27. передний тормоз;
28. пружина передней подвески с амортизатором;
29. топливный насос;
30. масляный фильтр.
1. cornering lamp; 2. cooling system radiator; 3. accumulator battery;
4. ignition distributor; 5. air filter; 6. engine; 7. vacuum-power with master cylinder of hydraulic drive brakes; 8. master cylinder of hydraulic drive of clutch disengagement; 9. steering wheel; 10. inside (interior) mirror; 11. back seat;
12. spare wheel; 13. rear wheel brakes; 14. rear suspension spring;
15. rear suspension shock absorber; 16. rear axle; 17. cardan shaft;
18. front seat; 19. outside mirror; 20. parking brake lever; 21.gear change lever;
22. gearbox; 23. clutch pedal; 24. brake pedal; 25. accelerator pedal;
26. steering mechanism; 27. front wheel brake; 28. front suspension spring with shock absorber; 29. fuel pump; 30. oil filter.
Упражнение 3. Глядя на рис. 5 и используя подрисуночные подписи, выпишите названия агрегатов, узлов и механизмов автомобиля на русском и английском языках.
Упражнение 4. Закончите предложения, используя слова и словосочетания, данные ниже.
1.The automobile is made up of....
2.The engine is....
3.The chassis consists of....
4.The transmission carries the power from....
5.The transmission consists of....
6.The body has...
a.engine, chassis, body.
b.hood, fenders and accessories.
c.the engine to the wheels.
d.clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle, final drive and differential.
e.the source of power.
f.transmission and running gear (frame, wheeels and springs).
Упражнение 5. Прочтите текст, а затем, глядя на рис. 5, ответьте на ттросы, приведенные ниже.
The automobile is made up of three basic parts: the engine, the body and the chassis. The engine is the source of power and makes the car move.
The chassis consists of the transmission and running gear (frame, springs and wheels). The transmission carries the power from the engine to the wheels. It consists of the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle, final drive and differential. The transmission also includes the steering system and brakes.
The body has the hood, fenders, the heater and so on.
1.What main components is the automobile made up of?
2.What is the source of power?
3.What units does the chassis include?
4.What duty is performed by the frame?
5.What does the transmission do?
6.What mechanisms does the transmission consist of?
7.What is the function of the steering system?
8.Why are brakes necessary?
9.What is the function of the clutch?
10.What is the function of the gearbox?
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11.What types of gearboxes do you know?
12.What is the function of a differential?
13.What purposes do brakes serve?
14.What parts has the body?
15.How is the car body attached to the frame?
Упражнение 6. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих предложений.
1.Автомобиль состоит из трех основных частей: двигателя, шасси и кузова.
2.Двигатель — источник энергии.
3.Шасси состоит из трансмиссии и ходовой части.
4.Трансмиссия передает энергию от двигателя к колесам автомобиля.
5.Она состоит из сцепления, коробки передач, карданного вала, заднего моста, главной передачи и дифференциала.
6.Кузов имеет капот, крылья, отопитель и т. д.
Упражнения для перевода
Переведите на русский язык микротексты. Обратите внимание на выделенные грамматические структуры.
Текст № 1
The automobile is known to be made up of three basic parts: the engine, the body and chassis, the engine being the source of power. We know the body to include the hood and fenders and accessories. The body should provide protection to the passengers from wind, cold and rain. Thus to shape a car means to do it in such a way that it offers small resistance to the air.
Brakes are necessary for stopping the car.
Most braking systems used today are hydraulic.
Текст № 2
The engine is known to be attached to the frame in three or four points. Noise and vibrations are inherent in engine operations. To prevent this noise from passing to the frame, the engine should be insulated from the frame by washers. We know the frame to provide support for engine, body and power train, the body providing protection to the passengers from wind and rain. The frame is made of channel sections welded together.
Текст №3
We know the clutch to consist of two plates: the driven plate and the pressure plate. The driven plate is known to be situated between the flywheel and the pressure plate. The clutch used for engagement the engine and the gearbox is incorporated within the flywheel housing.
To guide the car it is necessary to have some means of turning the car, the steering wheel being linked to the front wheels for this purpose.
Текст №4
The frame is known to be the structural centre of the car. It is made of channel sections welded together, cross-members providing support Tor the engine and wheels. We know the frame to be rigid. Noise and vibrations are inherent in engine operation. To prevent this noise and vibrations from passing to the frame and to the passengers of the car, t lie engine should be insulated from the frame by rubber washers.
Текст №5
We know the chassis to be one of the most important units of the car. The chassis is known to consist of a power train, a frame with axles, wheels and springs. It should be noted that the chassis includes the brake and the steering systems as well. Brakes are necessary to stop the car. Springs are used with additional devices called shock absorbers. The front wheels are attached to the rods by steering knuckle arms, the same wheels being on pivots.
Текст № 6
We know the power train to include the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle, final drive and differential. The clutch is used for engaging the engine with the gearbox, the gearbox being located between (he clutch and the propeller shaft. The clutch is known to consist of two plates incorporated within the flywheel housing.
To shape the car means to make it in such manner that it offers small resistance to the air.
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Текст № 7
We know the engine to be the source of power. In some types of engines a V-type fan belt is utilized to drive the fan, the same belt being used for driving the generator pulley and the water pump. The engine is known to comprise the fuel, cooling, electric and lubricating systems. It should be noted that the gasoline pump is operated from the cam-
shaft by the engine, called also the power plant. To guide the car means to turn it in one direction or the other.
Текст №8
Brakes are known to be one of the most important mechanisms of the car. They are necessary for stopping the car. Most braking systems used today are hydraulic, many vehicles using power brakes. We know the brakes to be applied to four wheels.
In order to stop the car, the driver should press down on the pedal. When the pedal is pressed down the brakes are applied and the car is stopped.
Текст №9
In order to drive the car, the driver should have some means of turning the front wheels. We know the steering wheel to be located at the front of the driver. It is linked by gears and levers to the front wheels, these wheels being on pivots. The front wheels are known to swing to the
left or right when the steering wheel is turned in one direction or the other. The front wheels are attached to the rods, the rods are, in turn, attached to the pitman arm.
Текст №10
We know the automobile to be made up of three basic parts: the engine, the chassis and the body. The body should provide protection to the passengers of the car. The chassis is known to consist of a power train, frame with axles and wheels. The chassis includes the brake and the steering systems, the brakes being the most important mechanism of the car. To provide a satisfactory smooth ride, an additional device, called a shock absorber, is used with each spring.
Текст № 11
Brakes are known to be used for stopping the car. Most braking systems used today are hydraulic, many vehicles having power brakes. To stop the car, the driver should apply the brakes. We know the brakes to have been applied to the front wheels. At present the brakes are applied to all four wheels. The brakes are controlled by a pedal. When the driver presses down on the pedal the brakes are applied and the car is stopped.
Текст № 12
The clutch is known to be the part of the power train. Besides the clutch, the power train also includes the gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle, final drive, differential and axle shafts. The gearbox named transmission is located between the clutch and the propeller shaft. We know the clutch to consist of the driven plate and the pressure plate, the driven plate having fabric linings on each side. To connect the engine with the gearbox, the driver should engage the clutch.
Текст № 13
The frame in considered to be the structural centre of any vehicle, us it should provide support for the engine, body and power train members. The frame is made of sections welded together.
We know the frame to be reinforced by cross-members. To provide support for the engine and wheels, the frame should be rigid and strong. Noise and vibrations being inherent in engine operation, the engine is insulated from the frame by rubber washers.
Текст №14
The automobile is known to consist of the engine, the body and the chassis, the engine being the source of power. The body has a hood and lenders and accessories: heater, lights and radio. It should provide protection to the passengers from wind and rain. The chassis is known to include the power train, frame and wheels.
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Streamlining is an important factor. To streamline a car means to shape it in such a manner that it offers small resistance to the air.
Текст №15
We know the steering system to be one of the most important mechanisms of the car. The steering system is known to consist of a steering wheel, gears, tie-rod, pitman arm and other units. The steering wheel is attached to the front wheels by gears and levers, the front wheels being on pivots. In order to turn the car in one direction or the other, the driver should turn the steering wheel. The steering wheel connected to the front wheels turns the car.
PART III
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