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American English to Spanish Dictionary
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American English to Spanish Dictionary
©Elliston Dmitry 2020
Introduction
American English language:
American English (AmE, AE, AmEng, USEng, en-US), sometimes called United States English or U. S. English, is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States. Currently, American English is the most influential form of English worldwide.
English is the most widely spoken language in the United States and is the de facto common language used by the federal and state governments, to the extent that all laws and compulsory education presume English as the primary language. English is explicitly given official status by 32 of the 50 state governments. While the local courts in some divisions of the United States grant equivalent status to both English and another language – for example, English and Spanish languages in Puerto Rico – under federal law, English is still the official language for any matters being referred to the United States district court for the territory.
The use of the English language in the United States is a result of British colonization of the Americas. The first wave of English-speaking settlers arrived in North America during the 17th century, followed by further migrations in the 18th and 19th centuries. During the 17th century, dialects from many different regions of England existed in every American colony, allowing a process of extensive dialect mixture and leveling in which English varieties across the colonies became more homogeneous compared with varieties in England. The English language thus predominated in the colonies even by the end of the 17th century's first massive immigration of non-English speakers from Europe and Africa, and firsthand descriptions of a fairly uniform American English language became common after the mid-18th century. Since then, the American English language has developed into some new varieties, including regional dialects that, in some cases, show minor influences in the last two centuries from successive waves of immigrant speakers of diverse languages, primarily European languages.
American English varieties include many patterns of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and particularly spelling that are unified nationwide but distinct from other English dialects around the world. Any American or Canadian accent perceived as free of noticeably local, ethnic, or cultural markers is popularly called " General" or " Standard" American, a fairly uniform accent continuum native to certain regions of the United States of America and associated nationally with broadcast mass media and highly educated speech. However, historical and present linguistic evidence does not support the notion of there being one single " mainstream" American accent. The sound of the American English language continues to evolve, with some local accents disappearing, but several larger regional accents having emerged in the 20th century.
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Spanish language:
Spanish (/ˈ spæ nɪ ʃ / (About this sound listens); About this soundespañ ol (help·info)), or Castilian (/kæ ˈ stɪ liə n/ (About this sound listens), About this soundcastellano (help·info)), is a Romance language that originated in the Iberian Peninsula and today has over 483 million native speakers, mainly in Spain and the Americas. It is a global language, the world's second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese, and the world's fourth-most spoken language, after English, Mandarin Chinese, and Hindi.
Spanish is a part of the Ibero-Romance group of languages, which evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. The oldest Latin texts with traces of Spanish come from mid-northern Iberia in the 9th century, and the first systematic written use of the language happened in Toledo, a prominent city of the Kingdom of Castile, in the 13th century. Commencement in 1492, the Spanish language was taken to the viceroyalties of the Spanish Empire, most notably to the Americas, as well as territories in Africa, Oceania, and the Philippines.
A 1949 study by Italian-American linguist Mario Pei, analyzing the degree of difference from a language's parent (Latin, in the case of Romance languages) by comparing phonology, inflection, syntax, vocabulary, and intonation, indicated the following percentages (the higher the percentage, the greater the distance from Latin): In the case of Spanish, it is one of the closest Romance languages to Latin (20% distance), only behind Sardinian (8% distance) and Italian (12% distance). Around 75% of modern Spanish vocabulary is derived from Latin, including Latin borrowings from Ancient Greek. Spanish vocabulary has been in contact with Arabic from an early date, having developed during the Al-Andalus era in the Iberian Peninsula and around 8% of its vocabulary has an Arabic lexical root. It has also had small influences from Basque, Iberian, Celtiberian, Visigothic, and other neighboring Ibero-Romance languages. Additionally, it has absorbed vocabulary from other languages, particularly other Romance languages – French, Italian, Andalusi Romance, Portuguese, Galician, Catalan, Occitan, and Sardinian – as well as from Quechua, Nahuatl, and other indigenous languages of the Americas.
Spanish is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. It is also used as an official language by the European Union, the Organization of American States, the Union of South American Nations, the Community of Latin American and the Caribbean States, the African Union, and many other international organizations.
Despite its large number of speakers, the Spanish language does not feature prominently in scientific writing, though it is better represented in the humanities. 75% of scientific production in Spanish is divided into three thematic areas: social sciences, medical sciences, and arts/humanities. Spanish is the third most used language on the internet after English and Chinese.
Spanglish language:
Spanglish (a portmanteau of the words " Spanish" and " English" ) is a name sometimes given to various contact dialects, pidgins, or creole languages that result from the interaction between Spanish and English used by people who speak both languages or parts of both languages, mainly spoken in the United States. It is a blend of Spanish and English lexical items and grammar. Spanglish language can be considered a variety of Spanish with heavy use of English or vice versa. [citation needed] It can be more related either to Spanish or to English, depending on the circumstances. Since Spanglish arises independently in each region, it reflects the locally spoken varieties of English and Spanish. In general, different varieties of Spanglish are not necessarily mutually intelligible. In Mexican and Chicano Spanish the common term for " Spanglish" is " Pocho".
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The term Spanglish is first recorded in 1933. It corresponds to the Spanish terms Espanglish (from Españ ol + English, introduced by the Puerto Rican poet Salvador Tió in the late 1940s) and Inglañ ol (Inglé s + Españ ol). Other colloquial portmanteau words for Spanglish are Spenglish (recorded from 1967) and Spinglish (from 1970).
Some of these creoles have become recognized languages in their own right, such as San André s–Providencia Creole of Colombia.
A a:
Abandonment, an abandonment, the abandonment, the abandonments, to abandon, abandoned, abandoning - [Abandono, un abandono, el abandono, los abandonos, abandonar, abandonado, abandonando]
Abdomen, an abdomen, the abdomen, the abdomens – [Abdomen, un abdomen, el abdomen, los abdó menes]
Abacus, an abacus, the abacus, the abacuses - [Á baco, un á baco, el á baco, los á bacos]
Abhor, to abhor, abhors, abhorred, abhorring - [Aborrecer, para aborrecer, aborrece, aborrecido, aborreciendo]
Abjuration, an abjuration, the abjuration, the abjurations - [Abjuració n, una abjuració n, la abjuració n, las abjuraciones]
Abomination, an abomination, the abomination, the abominations, abominable, to abominate, abominated, abominating – [Abominació n, una abominació n, la abominació n, las abominaciones, abominable, para abominar, abominado, abominando]
Abridge, abridged, abridging - [Abreviar, abreviado, abreviado]
Absolution, an absolution, the absolution, the absolutions, to absolve, absolved, absolving - [Absolució n, una absolució n, la absolució n, las absoluciones, para absolver, absuelto, absolver]
Acceleration, an acceleration, the acceleration, the accelerations, to accelerate, accelerated, accelerating – [aceleració n, una aceleració n, la aceleració n, las aceleraciones, para acelerar, acelerado, acelerando]
Accessibility, an accessibility, the accessibility, the accessibilities, accessible, an access, the access, the accesses, to access, accessed, accessing – [Accesibilidad, una accesibilidad, la accesibilidad, las accesibilidades, accesible, un acceso, el acceso, los accesos, para acceder, accedido, accediendo]
Accommodation, an accommodation, the accommodation, the accommodations, to accommodate, accommodated, accommodating – [Acomodació n, una acomodació n, la acomodació n, las acomodaciones, para acomodar, acomodado, acomodando]
Acidification, acid, an acid, the acid, the acids, to acidify, acidified, acidifying - [Acidificació n, á cido, un á cido, el á cido, los á cidos, para acidificar, acidificado, acidificante]
Adjective – [Adjetiva, Adjetivas, Adjetivo, Adjetivos]
Adjuration, an adjuration, the adjuration, the adjurations, to adjure, adjured, adjuring - [Adjuració n, un adjuració n, la adjuració n, los adjuraciones, para adjurar, adjurado, adjurar]
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Adolescent, an adolescent, the adolescent, the adolescents – [Adolescente, un adolescente, el adolescente, los adolescentes]
Adoption, an adoption, the adoption, the adoptions, to adopt, adopted, adopting, adoptive – [adopció n, una adopció n, la adopció n, las adopciones, para adoptar, adoptado, adoptando, adoptivo]
Adoration, an adoration, the adoration, the adorations – [Adoració n, una adoració n, la adoració n, las adoraciones]
Adore, to adore, adored, adoring – [Adorar, para adorar, adorado, adorando]
Adultery, an adultery, the adultery, the adulteries, adult, an adulterer, the adulterer, the adulterers, an adulteress, the adulteress, the adulteresses – [Adulterio, un adulterio, el adulterio, los adulterios, adulto, un adú ltero, el adú ltero, los adú lteros, una adú ltera, la adú ltera, las adú lteras]
Adventure, an adventure, the adventure, the adventures, to adventure, adventured, adventuring - [Aventura, una aventura, la aventura, las aventuras, para aventurar, aventurero, aventuras]
Aerial - [Aé reo, Aé rea, Aé reos, Aé reas]
Affirmation, an affirmation, the affirmation, the affirmations, affirmative, affirmatively, to affirm, affirmed, affirming – [Afirmació n, una afirmació n, la afirmació n, las afirmaciones, afirmativas, afirmativamente, para afirmar, afirmado, afirmando]
Affliction, an affliction, the affliction, the afflictions, to afflict, afflicted, afflicting, afflictive - [Aflicció n, una aflicció n, la aflicció n, las aflicciones, afligir, afligido, afligido, aflictivo (aflictiva)]
Affluence, an affluence, the affluence, affluent - [Afluencia, una afluencia, la afluencia, afluente]
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