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VIII. Составьте аннотацию на текст (2-3 предложения).
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IX. Составьте реферат на текст (10-15 предложений).
X. Составьте план текста и перескажите текст.
ВАРИАНТ №2
I.Прочитайте и переведите тексты:
FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Knowledge of foreign languages is especially important today because they are the main and the most efficient means of information exchange between the people of our planet. Students should learn English as a foreign language because today English is the language of the world. Over 350 million people speak it as a mother tongue. The native speakers of English live in Great Britain, in the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand. English is one of the official languages in the Irish Republic, Canada and South African Republic. As a second language it is used in the former British and US colonies.
It is the major international language for communication in such areas as science, technology, business and mass media. English is used as one of the official languages of the United Nations Organization and other political organizations. It is the language of computer software, literature, education, modern music and international tourism.
Learning a foreign language is not an easy thing. It is a long and slow process that takes a lot of time and patience. But every educated person, every good specialist has to know English because it is absolutely necessary nowadays.
It is well known that reading books and magazines in the original, watching films and talking with the native speakers helps a lot. When learning a foreign language you learn the culture and history of the country where this language is spoken.
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The Russian Federation is my Homeland. It is the largest country in the world. It occupies about 1/7 (one-seventh) of the Earth surface. The country is situated in Eastern Europe, Northern and Central Asia. Its total area is over 17 million square kilometres.
Our land is washed by 12 seas, most of which are the seas of three oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. In the south and in the west the country borders on fourteen countries. It also has a sea-border with the USA.
There are no countries in the world where such a great variety of flora and fauna can be found as in our land. Our country has numerous forests, plains and steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands and deserts. The highest mountains in our land are the Altai, the Urals and the Caucasus. There are over two thousand rivers in the Russian Federation. The longest of them are the Volga, the Ob', the Yenisei, the Lena and the Amur. Our land is also rich in lakes with the deepest lake in the world, the Baikal, included.
On the Russian territory there are 11 time zones. The climate conditions are rather different: from arctic and moderate to continental and subtropical. Our country is one of the richest in natural resources countries in the world: oil, natural gas, coal, different ores, ferrous and non-ferrous metals and other minerals.
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The Russian Federation is a multinational state. It comprises many national districts, several autonomous republics and regions. The population of the country is about 140 million people.
Moscow is the capital of our Homeland. It is the largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial center of the country and one of the most beautiful cities on the globe. Russian is the official language of the state. The national symbols of the Russian Federation are a white-blue-red banner and a double-headed eagle.
The Russian Federation is a constitutional republic headed by the President. The country government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The President controls only the executive branch of power — the government, but not the Supreme Court and Federal Assembly.
The legislative power belongs to the Federal Assembly comprising two chambers: the Council of Federation (upper Chamber) and the State Duma (lower Chamber). Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. The executive power belongs to the government (the Cabinet of Ministers) headed by the Prime Minister. The judicial power belongs to the system of Courts comprising the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and federal courts. Our country has a multiparty system.
The foreign policy of the Russian Federation is that of international cooperation, peace and friendship with all nations irrespective of their political and social systems.
II.Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:
| 1) especially important | 6) a multinational state |
| 2) means of information | 7) climate conditions |
| 3) mother tongue | 8) autonomous republics |
| 4) total area | 9) the executive power |
| 5) the legislative power | 10) headed by the Prime Minister |
III.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
| 1) знание иностранных языков | 6) страна граничит |
| 2) английский как иностранный | 7) большое разнообразие |
| 3) бывшие колонии | 8) климатические условия |
| 4) язык для общения | 9) правительство страны |
| 5) долгий и медленный процесс | 10) власть принадлежит |
IV.Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, и переведите их на русский язык:
Know, day, watch, home, large, industry, speak, deep, govern, learn.
V.Задайте к выделенному в тексте предложению все типы вопросов: общий, альтернативный, разделительный, два специальных: а) к подлежащему, б) к любому члену предложения.
VI.Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты, времена групп Simple, Continuous и Perfect активного и пассивного залога; согласование времен; неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные:
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1. Knowledge of foreign languages is especially important today because they are the main and the most efficient means of information exchange between the people of our planet.
2. The teacher said that English was the language of the world then.
3. As a second language it was used in the former British and US colonies.
4. The country government consists of some branches.
5. Our country has just changed time.
VII.Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1. Why do we need to learn foreign languages?
2. How many people in the world speak English?
3. What English-speaking countries do you know?
4. What oceans wash the borders of the Russian Federation?
5. How many countries have borders with Russia?
6. Are Russian flora and fauna various?
7. What are the highest mountains in Russia?
VIII.Составьте аннотацию на текст (2 - 3 предложения).
IX.Составьте реферат на текст (10 - 15 предложений).
X. Составьте план текста и перескажите текст.
ВАРИАНТ №3
I.Прочитайте и переведите текст
MOSCOW
Moscow was founded in 1147 by the prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Moscow is the capital and the largest city of Russia. It is also the capital of Moscow region. It stands on the banks of the Moskva River. More than nine million people live in the city. Moscow is the economic, political and cultural centre of Russia. Railways and numerous airlines link the city with all parts of Russia. Moscow Canal, the Moskva River, and Volga-Don Canal link Moscow with the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Sea of Azov.
Moscow covers the area of about 880 square kilometres. Concentric boulevards divide the city into several sections. At the centre of the concentric circles are the fortress Kremlin and the Red Square.
The Kremlin has the shape of a triangle with one side along the north bank of the Moskva River. A stone wall, up to 21 metres in height with 19 towers, surrounds this triangular complex of former palaces, cathedrals, and other monuments. The Great Kremlin Palace, completed in 1849, is the most impressive structure inside the Kremlin. Other famous Kremlin palaces are the Granovitaya Palace (built in 1491) and the Terem (built in 1636).
Among many cathedrals, now used mainly as museums, are the Cathedral of the Assumption (Успения) and the Archangel Cathedral, each with five gilded domes, and the Cathedral of the Annunciation (Благовещения) (built in 13th—14th century), with nine gilded domes. The bell tower of Ivan the Great has the height of 98 metres. On a nearby pedestal is the Tsar Bell (nearly 200 tons), one of the largest in the world. A recent addition to the Kremlin is the Palace of Congresses, completed in 1961.
St. Basil's Cathedral, a masterpiece of Russian architecture with coloured domes, stands at one end of Red Square and at the other end there is Historical Museum.
Other points of interest in Moscow include the Central Lenin Stadium, comprising about 130 buildings for various sports and the tall Ostankino TV tower, which contains a revolving restaurant and an observation platform. Moscow has a modern railway underground system (Metro) famous for its marble-walled stations.
Moscow is a scientific and cultural center with a lot of institutes, universities, libraries and museums. The city leads a vast cultural life. It has a lot of cinemas, clubs, concert halls, more than 40 drama and musical theatres, including the Bolshoi Theatre, the Art Theatre, the Maly Theatre, the Vakhtangov Theatre.
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Muscovites are proud of their museums: the Tretyakov Art Gallery, the A. S. Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Historical Museum. Crowds of people visit Tretyakov Gallery to see beautiful pictures of Russian painters.
There are a lot of big plants and factories in Moscow. Among the products are aircraft, high-quality steel, ball bearings, cars and other motor vehicles, machine tools, electrical equipment, precision instruments, radios, chemicals, textiles, shoes, paper, furniture. Food processing, printing, and the repair of rail equipment are important industries.
THE UNITED KINGDOM
The United Kingdom, officially named the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is an island nation and constitutional monarchy in north-western Europe. The names «United Kingdom», «Great, Britain», and «England» are often used interchangeably.
Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles. The island of Great Britain has the length of 974 kilometres and the width of 531 kilometres. It comprises England, Scotland and Wales. Northern Ireland, also known as Ulster, occupies the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242,000 square kilometres. Great Britain is one of the most densely populated countries in Europe. The population of the United Kingdom is more than 59 million people. The capital and the largest city is London.
The climate of the United Kingdom is mild. The mildness is an effect of the warm Gulf Stream. This current brings warm south-west winds that raise winter temperatures, lower summer temperatures and bring the cyclones with rains. The western side of the United Kingdom is warmer than the eastern; the south is warmer than the north. The mean annual temperature is 6°C in the far north of Scotland; 11°C in the south-west of England. Winter temperatures are seldom below —10°C and summer temperatures rarely higher than 32°C. The sea winds also. Rains fall frequently turning to snow in the winter. The western side of Britain is much wetter than the eastern.
Great Britain is one of the world's leading commercial and industrialized nations. In terms of gross national product (GNP) it ranks fifth in the world, with Italy, after the United States, Japan, Germany, and France.
II.Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:
1) concentric boulevards 6) official named
2) the shape of a triangle 7) are often used
3) a stone wall 8) also known as
4) the bell tower 9) densely populated countries
5) repair of rail equipment 10) annual temperature
III.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
1) самый большой город России 6) общая площадь
2) многочисленные воздушные линии 7) зимние
температуры
3) большие заводы и фабрики 8) теплые юго-
западные ветра
4) девять позолоченных куполов 9) летние
температуры
5)высококачественная сталь 10)валовой национальный
продукт
IV.Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, и переведите их на русский язык:
Lead, industry, west, frequent, east, equip, science, large, electric, king.
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