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If we are fond of travelling we see and learn a lot of things that we can never see at home, though we may read about them in books and newspapers, or on TV.
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Travelling by air is more popular in our days than other ways of travelling. You can see many continents and oceans, countries and rivers, cities and lakes.
I enjoy to stay at a hotel. It is more comfortable to stay there. You can enjoy being alone, to take a hot shower, to sleep in warm bed and many other advantages. Some people enjoy camping in tents. Of course, the weather must be good for that. There is nothing worse than camping in rain.
If you want to travel, first, you must look through some advertisement. You can choose what hotel is worth visiting and the place where your hotel situated. You can buy the magazine named “Tourism”. You can find there all trips you want. There are many photos of places which are recommend most of all. You can also find there information about camping in tents. It’s very interesting to spend the whole day on the nature in the forest or near the lake. So you can’t go anywhere without looking through some add.
There are 2 viewpoints on travel. Some people like to go on one place and spend their holidays there. The place may be an interesting city, a picturesque willage or some other attractive place. Others believe in seeing as much as possible in the time they have.
I think that our education becomes richer when you travel, meet new people, because you can see new things which you never seen in your life before.
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Sports and Olympic Games.
A lot of people all over the world are interested in sport. Sport helps people to stay in good shape, keeps them fit, healthy and makes them more organized and better disciplined in there daily activities.
We have always paid great attention to sport in our schools, colleges and universities. You can hardly find a school without a gym or a sport ground. Every city and town has a few stadiums or swimming pools where local competitions are usually held. It’s been a tradition in Russia to divide sport into professional and amateur. There are different sporting societies and clubs in Russia. Many of them take part in different tournaments and are known all over the world. A great number of world records have been set by Russian sportsmen: gymnasts, weightlifters, tennis players, swimmers, figure skaters, runners, high jumpers. Our sportsmen also participate in the Olympic games and always win a lot of gold, silver and bronze medals.
The Olympic games has a very long history. They began in 777 BC in Greece and took place every four years for nearly twelve centuries at Olympia. They included many different kinds of sports. All the cities in Greece sent their best athletes to Olympia to compete in the Games. For the period of the Games all the wars stopped. So the Olympic games became the symbol of peace and friendship.
Now, summer and winter Games are held separately. There are always several cities wishing to host the Games. The most suitable is selected by the international Committee. After that the city of the Games starts preparations for the competitions, construct new sport facilities, stadiums, hotels, press centers. Thousand of athletes, journalists and guests come to the Games, and it takes great efforts to arrange everything. There is always an interesting cultural programme of concerts, exhibitions, festivals, etc., for each Games.
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Russia joined the Olympic movement in1952. In 1980 Moscow hosted the twenty-second Olympic Games. The latest Olympic Games were held in Barcelona. Russian sportsmen got medals for their records in many sport events.
nimals need help. Earth is in danger.
People have lived on our planet for many years. They lived and live on different continents, in different countries. People depend on their planet, on the sun, on animals and plants around them. People must take care of Earth. Our ecology becomes worse and worse with every new day. Many species of animals and birds are disappearing nowadays. People destruct wildlife, cut down trees to make furniture. They forget that people can’t live without trees and plants, because they fill air with oxygen. And, of course, great problems are population and animals destruction. The main reason of pollution is rubbish. Most of our rubbish goes to big holes in the ground, called ‘dumps’. But dumps are very dangerous for our life ‘cause they are full of rats, which can carry infections away from dumps. Another way to get rid of rubbish is to burn it. But the fires make poisons, which go into the air and pollute it. But pollution isn’t the only actual problem. Every day a big number of animals dissapeares. People kill animals for different aims: e.g. people hunt whales for their meat and oil; elephants for their tusks, crocodiles for their leather and so on. And also animals are used for medical experiments. The most wide – speared from such animals are monkeys. Modern life is bad for animals, birds, fish. The air isn’t fresh and the water isn’t pure. They don’t have good meal and facilities for the life. You can find their names in the Red Book.
Of course, people can’t stay indifferent to these problems. There are a lot of special organizations, which try to save our nature. The most known are: The Royal Society for the prevention of cruelty to animals (The RSPCA), the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and Greenpeace. The RSPCA tries to protect animals from bad use. It operates big nation campaigns aimed at lost pets, circus animals. The WWF rescued several species of animals, mammals as well as birds. These organization also helped to create more than 250 National parks. Greenpeace began its work 20 years ago from saving whales. And now Greenpeace is a world-famous organization, which saves plants, animals and people. These organization, want to rescue animals, to help them to survive and to save jungle rain forests, which are in danger of destruction. And they also help animals ‘cause many of them have already gone as they have nowhere to live. Their homes, the trees, have disappeared. We must save wild animals. And we must find the right way to save land, people and animals. We must lake care of nature, because we are part of it.
My plans for the future.
When you leave school you understand that the time to choose your future profession has come. It’s not an easy task to make right choice of a job. You can start a working career go into business or continue schooling to receive a higher education. There is one institute or a few institutes is nearly every Russian city. There are dozens of them in Moscow and St. Petersburg. If you want to get a professional training you can enter a technical college. There are over 2000 professions to choose and make a decision.
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It is a dilemma for all family. Fathers usually wants their children to follow their footsteps. Mothers don’t want their sons and daughters to leave the native town. So they persuade kids to enter local colleges and universities.
Because of the wide difference in jobs, you should find out all you can about any job which interests you. This can be done by going to the library and by reading widely, and also by talking to adults who have different kinds of jobs. You also need to think about how well you can do what you would like to do.
Some follow their parents advice and some follow their own choice.
To make the right choice you should consider your traits and characters. To become a good doctor you must be patient, easygoing and kind/ The teacher’s work requires love for children, profound knowledge of subjects and the ability to explain. Detective’s job is very stressful. He must be brave, fair and strong.
A couple of years ago I wanted to become a doctor. I thought it was a very noble profession. I was good at biology at the 8 and 9 forms. I wanted to help people who had problems with their health. I know that a doctor should be noble in work and life, kind and attentive to people, honest and prudent. A doctor who is selfish and dishonest can’t be good at his profession. I tried to do my best to develop good traits in myself.
Now I have already decided what to do. I’d like to be a teacher. I know that it is very difficult to be a good teacher. You should know perfectly the subject you teach, you must be well-educated and well-informed. A good teacher develops in his students a desire for knowledge and love for truth and beauty. Teaching must be the greatest of all the arts. It is a great responsibility to educate the children. I think that’s the reason why teachers are deeply respected.
More and more people realize that every educated person should know a foreign language. That is why I’m going to become an English teacher. I liked English when we first started learning it is still my favourite subject. I will try to enter the department of foreign languages at the University.
You study 5 years at Russian universities. After your final exams you are a qualified teacher of English. University education is deep and many-sided. Some students like a post-graduate course to follow an academic career. Most university graduates take up teaching and return to school. I know that a teacher’s job is quite difficult. A teacher can’t say that he knows everything in his field. He goes on learning his subject during all his career to be able to answer any question. He should be an example of competence.
So choosing a career and getting a job are two of the most important things, any person does in his lifetime. If we don’t think about the future, we won’t have one.
My plans for the future.
When millions of young people leave school, they begin an independent life. Some of them start working, go into business, some of them continue schooling to receive a higher education.
Young people can learn about professions in magazines and advertisements. Magazines for teenagers often offer questionnaires, quizzes or surreys to help young people to find out what their interests and abilities are more clearly and to make a decision concerning their future occupation.
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While choosing a career you should take into consideration main demands that you want your future profession to meet: the profession must be interesting, you have to be sure of your future (that means that you will be able to find a job after graduation from the university), a profession must be well-paid, otherwise you won’t be able to support yourself and your future family.
During our school life we begin to think about our future life, our job. There over 2000 professions in the world, so it is quite difficult to choose and to make a decision. Some follow their own choice and some follow their relation’s, teacher’s, parent’s advice, because they can guide them and help to make a decision concerning future plans. I have never had a question, what I am going to do when I graduate from my school. I have known from childhood that I want to be a linguist. I have chosen this profession, because a knowledge of foreign languages and foreign cultures is growing in importance nowadays. Foreign languages are needed as the main and the most efficient mean of information exchange between the people of our planet. Although there are 3000 languages, English is the most universal. It is the language of progressive science and technology, trade and cultural relations, and business. It is the universal language of international aviation, shipping, sports, medicine. English is the official language in nearly forty countries. It is spoken by more than 350 millions people and also spoken as a second language in many parts of India and Africa. Besides, millions of people study English as a foreign language. In our country English is very popular. It is studied at schools, colleges and universities.
It is important for me to learn English because I want to know what is going on round me in the world. With recent advances in technology, the world is changing rapidly in many fields, such as business, arts and medicine. These changes will affect me soon and its important for me to read and keep up with these changes. In fact, learning English is the answer to a lot of the things that I need and want. And I can’t help mentioning the quotation: “Every man is the maker of his own fortune.”
In conclusion I would like to say it is an advantage to choose our future career while at school. It gives us a goal to work towards and enables us to choose a right, suitable course of study. I’d like to mention also that if we don’t think about our future, nobody will think for us, so we just can’t have one. We must work hard to archive out ambitions and to realize our wishes, because future is purchased by the present.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland.
The official name of GB is the United Kingdom of GB and Northern Ireland. It occupies the territory of the British Isles. The BI lie to the north-west of Europe and consists of two main islands: GB and Ireland. Their total area is over 244.000 square km. The British Isles are separated from the continent by the North Sea, the English Channel and the strait of Dover which is 18 miles wide. The western coast of GB is washed by the Atlantic ocean and the Irish Sea. GB is one of the world’s smaller countries. Its population is over 57 millions. Four out of every five people are urban. But in spite of all the territory of GB is small, the country has a wide variety of scenery. GB is made of tree countries: England, Scotland and Wales. Everyone in Britain speaks English, but in some parts of Scotland and Wales people speak different languages as well. GB with NI forms the UK of GB and NI. The capital of the UK is London, in England. England is the largest of three countries which make up GB. The north and the West of England are mountainous, but the rest of the territory is a vast plain. The Lake District in Northern England with its lakes, mountains and valleys is favorite holiday resort. The national symbol of England is a red rose. The capital of England is London. Its economic, political and cultural centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world and one of the world’s most important ports. It is situated upon both banks of the river Thames. But while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one, the Severn is the largest river.
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Wales is the smallest land of the UK, but it is noted for its picturesque mountains with the highest peaks of GB rivers, waterfalls and lakes. Cardiff is the capital and the largest city in Wales and its also an important industrial centre and port. The national symbol of Wales is a leek or a daffodil.
Scotland is a land which is known for its beauty. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands. This is the region of mountains and rivers, small towns and villages. The highest of mountains is Ben Nevis. The best known between the lakes is Loch Ness where as some people think a large monster lives. The capital of Scotland is Edinburg and the great industrial centre is Glasgow. The national symbol of Scotland is a thistle.
GB’s largest island neighbor is Ireland. This is mainly occupied by the independent Republic of Ireland. Many small islands are also linked with the UK. Most of the land is hilly, though the mountains are not very high. The capital of NI is Belfast. The national symbol of Ireland is a shamrock.
The mountains, the Atlantic ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British isles. The summers are usually cool and rainy. And there is much rain and fog in autumn and in winter. That’s why GB is a very damp country.
The flag of the UK is known as the Union Jack. It is made up of 3 crosses: the cross of St. Jorge, St. Andrew and St. Patrick.
Nowadays the UK is a highly developed industrial power. It is one of the most powerful countries in Europe.
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The school system in Great Britain.
Education in Britain is compulsory and free for all children between the ages of 5-16. Nine tenths of all children are educated in state schools. All books and equipment are provided free. Uniform is worn in many schools but this is mow quite flexible. Students never repeat a year in British system, but they may be sent to a vocation school or section.
Primary school. Schoolchildren attend a primary school for 6 years (from 5 to 11 years). They study general subjects and special help is given to children with handicaps and learning difficulties. The division between primary and secondary education is at the age of 11 when almost all children in the state system change schools.
Secondary school. When students transfer to Secondary school at the age of 11, they don’t take any examination, but their reports are sent on from Primary school.
Most children - over 80 % - go to a comprehensive school. “Comprehensive” means all-inclusive. They admit pupils of all abilities. But there are also grammar schools and secondary modern schools. The pupils have to pass an exam to go there; so admission depends on the result of the selective exams and the pupils abilities.
All types of secondary school have the five year courses for pupils from 11 years up to the school leaving age.
Pupils in all State schools in England and Wales study 10 main subjects: English, Mathematics, Science. Foundation subjects: History, Geography, A Modern language, Art, Music, Information Technology, Physical education, Religious education is also taught.
Attainment tests are given at the ages of 7, 11, 14, 16. At the end of a 5-year course, at the age of 16, students sit the General Certificate of Secondary Education exams in as many subjects as possible. Weak students may only sit for free or four subjects. Better students take ten
Subjects.
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At the age of 16 about two third of these pupils leave school and get jobs or apprenticeships. About one-third stay at school until the age of 18 preparing themselves for higher education.
The 6th form. More ambitious pupils continue to study in the 6th form. They stay on at school for one or two years to prepare themselves for university. They have only three or four main subjects which are necessary to pass the advanced level exams at the age of 18. In addition to the foundation subjects the 6th formers are offered many other courses at Advanced Level such as classical Civilization, Further Mathematics, Information Technology, History of Art, Social Biology and many others.
The school year is divided into three terms with the intervals between them during the Christmas and Easter holidays lasting about two weeks each and the summer holiday which begins rather late and is usually six weeks long.
All kinds of out-of-class activities are part of school life in Britain. Students have a lot of opportunities for playing sports, attending different clubs and singing in choir. Most schools have very good libraries which students use for reference work.
“There is no frigate like a book.”
An English author once wrote: “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed or digested.” This quotation tells us how to read books of different kinds. Most travel books are to be tasted. It’s enough to dip into them and read bits here, bits there. If you are fond of crime stories you will read them quickly, you’ll ‘swallow’ them and then there are books that you’ll read slowly and carefully. If a book is on important subject and a subject you are interested in you will want to chew it and digest it. And you’ll want to weight what the author says and consider his ideas and arguments.
The rise of television has been coupled with the death of books. Some people ask what can be done to rescued them. But I think that books don’t need to be rescued. A book is one of the greatest wonders in the world. It gives us a unique chance to link up with authors who lived hundreds and thousands of years ago. I thank books, because if there were no books, we couldn’t talk to people who lived in different years and countries. Through reading books we hear their voices, thoughts and feelings. Books are the surest way to bring nations together. They give us an insight not only into the past but also into the future. I think that book is a faithful and undemanding friend for all of us: it can be put aside and taken up again at any moment.
I have recently read a book which has made a very deep impression on me. It is called “Gone with the Wind” and it makes really unforgettable reading. The author of the book is Margaret Mitchell. “Gone with the Wind” published in 1936, became an immediate bestseller and won the Pulitzer Prize. A film version of the novel was made in 1939.
Margaret Mitchell and all her family was interesting in American history, and she grew up in an atmosphere of stories about the Civil War.
In 1925 she got married. In the following ten years she put on paper all stories she had heard about the Civil War. And this way was born “Gone with the Wind”.
The story is set around the time of the America Civil War, when the Southern States went to war with the North to defend their way of life. It was the way of life in which rich gentry lived in large houses, cultivated by black slaves. Scarlet O’Hara was born into one of these rich houses. When this way of life was destroyed she use all her beauty to build a new life.
“Art washes away from the soul all the dust of everyday life”.-Pablo Picasso. I agree with this quotation, because art is really a fantastic thing, and it can influence our minds and our behavior.
This quotation is tightly connected with literature. While reading any book, it appeals to us. Books impress you so much that you are taken to another world. You start to look at the world through rose colors.
And when you read something interesting you become emotional and you think only about that book. So you forget about life with problems it has. When you read a book you become another person.
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