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F. Russian Nobel Prize winners
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F. RUSSIAN NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS
Exercise 1. Connect with the topic.
- What do you know about Alfred Nobel?
- What do you know about the Nobel Prize?
- How often are the prizes awarded?
- Which nominations are there?
- When did the award start?
- Who was the first Russian Nobel prizewinner?
- What is the most often awarded prize for Russians?
Exercise 2. Match the words with their meaning
| 1. recognized | a. the physics of atomic nuclei and their interactions |
| 2. to train | b. to cause something to happen or exist, to produce as an effect |
| 3. discovery | c. to complete a course at a university |
| 4. contribution | d. finding something |
| 5. to result in | e. a solid substance that has a conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals |
| 6. nuclear physics | f. notable, distinguished, honored |
| 7. to influence | g. to have an effect on behaviour or situation |
| 8. violence | h. to teach a person to do something which is difficult or needs practice |
| 9. graduate from | i. something that you give or do together with others |
| 10. semiconductor | j. behavior which is intended to hurt, injure, or kill people |
Exercise 3. Fill in the gaps using the words from Exercise 2.
1. The 20th century is known for world-shaking _____.
2. _____ are widely used in electrical engineering.
3. Who _____ the choice of your career?
4. It is better to buy goods from a _____ dealer.
5. This scientist is known for his _____ research.
6. The university _____ qualified specialists.
7. Global warming _____ disastrous ecological changes.
8. The government used _____ to break up the demonstration.
9. Andrei Sakharov was awarded a prize for his _____ to world peace.
10. Bill Gates _____ Harvard University.
Exercise 4. On the basis of the text complete the table. Use the Internet sources and add three more Nobel Prize winners.
| Name | Date | Discovery | Co-winners |
Russian Nobel Prize Winners in Physics and Chemistry
Because of its long history of supporting scientific research and education, Russia has produced a number of internationally recognized leaders in physics and chemistry.
The Russian Academy of Sciences (or the USSR Academy of Sciences, as it was called before 1991), played a major part in all their careers. With one exception, all were members of the Academy, carrying out their research and publishing their finding with the Academy’s support.
Semyonov N. N.
In 1956, Nikolay N. Semyonov was 1st Russian to receive a Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his research into the mechanism of chemical reactions. He was trained as a physicist and chemist. During his career, working alone or with other distinguished scientists like Pyotr L. Kapitsa, he made many important discoveries and contributions to chemistry and physics. In 1931, Semyonov became the first director of the Institute of Chemical Physics of the Academy and was also one of the founders of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT).
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Cherenkov P. A. Tamm I. Y. Frank I. M.
The collaboration of Pavel A. Cherenkov, Igor Y. Tamm and Ilya M. Frank resulted in the discovery and description of the Cherenkov – Vavilov effect, a phenomenon which is very important in nuclear physics. For their work they received the Nobel Prize in 1958. All three of the scientists were professors at universities and the Academy’s institutes and greatly influenced future generations of scientists.
Landau L. D.
After receiving his doctoral degree from Leningrad University at the exceptionally young age of 19, Lev D. Landau went on to study abroad. When he returned to Russia, he became head of two of the Academy’s institutes. Like Semyonov, he was also involved in founding the MIPT. He received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1962, for his phenomenological theory of superfluidity in helium.
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