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Form the adjectives using the suffixes: -ous, -ful,-able,-ant,-less, -ive and find the suitable nouns. Translate the phrases.
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| Danger- Hazard- Important- Suit- Health- Care- Use- Differ- Protect- | gloves/mask materials rules methods standards position fact places clothes |
REFERENCES:
Adapted from Building Construction Principles and Practices by D.Walton.,pp.1-4
Unit 3. Civil construction.
Vocabulary.
Industrial enterprises – промышленные предприятия
Railway – железная дорога
Highway - автомагистраль
Subway – разг. метрополитен
Sporting facilities – спортивные сооружения
Brick – кирпич
Site plan – план строительного участка
Above-ground part – наземная часть здания
Below-ground part- подземная часть здания
There are many branches of modern civil construction such as housing construction, construction of industrial enterprises, construction of railways, highways, subways, construction of bridges, dams, ports, canals, construction of different sporting facilities.
Since prehistoric times people have built different construction materials for example wood, bricks, concrete, steel and others. All modern houses must have modern services such as electricity, central heating, ventilation, waste dispose.
It’s very important to have a site plan for every building.
Construction of any building usually starts with excavation. It is a well-known fact that there exist different kinds of soil so it is very important to know the type of soil in advance. For example, if the upper stratum is organic it must be removed from the construction area in order to guard the foundation of the building against water and wind erosion. In colder climates the foundations should be placed below the level to which the ground freezes in winter.
There are three major parts of a building; superstructure, substructure and foundation. The superstructure is the above-ground part, the substructure is the below-ground part. The foundations keep the walls and the floor is from direct contact with the soil because the function of a foundation is to transfer the loads of a building into the soil.
Foundation design may by rather complex or very simple, it depends on the size of the building.
A foundation may support different kinds of loads, among them there dead loads and live loads. The dead load includes the weights of electrical, mechanical equipment and the weight of the foundation itself. The live load includes the weights of living beings, the furnishings, equipment they use snow, ice, water of the roof.
There are two basic parts of foundations: shallow and deep. Shallow foundations transfer the load to the earth while deep foundations transfer the load far below the structure. As to the price, shallow foundations are usually less expensive than the deep ones.
Answer the questions according to the text:
1) What branches of modern civil construction do you know?
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2) What kind of services do modern people need and use?
3) What are the major parts of a building?
4) What does any construction start?
5) What is a function of a foundation?
6) Why must we know the type of the soil in advance?
Exercises:
1) Match the Russian and English equivalents. Make up the sentences with these words and word combinations:
| 1.branch 2.highway 3.subway 4.enterprise 5.dam 6.bridge 7.central heating 8.waste dispose 9.concrete 10.soil 11.in advance 12.foundation 13.dead load 14.live load 15.weight 16.upper stratum 17.to remove 18.furnishing | a.центральное отопление b.заранее c.верхний слой почвы d.динамический вес e.статический вес f.удаление отходов g.мебель h.фундамент i.вес j.мост k.шоссе, автомагистраль l.ветвь, отрасль m.мост n.дамба o.удалять p.промышленное предприятие q.почва r.бетон |
2) Combine and translate combinations:
For example: civil construction
| Sporting Industrial Military Dead Live Swimming Construction Turn key Modern Central Waste Well known Wind Living Above-ground | Pool Construction Materials Facilities Enterprises Branches Dispose Load Services Heating Fact Erosion Beings Part Load |
3) Complete the sentences:
The dead load includes…
The live load includes…
The foundations support…
Foundation design may be both…
Different sporting facilities are…
There exist two basic parts of foundations…
4) Study the examples and form the comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives, find them in the text. Translate from Russian into English:
Big-bigger-the biggest
Beautiful-more beautiful- the most beautiful
Important- less important-the least important
Cheap, simple, expensive, complex, shallow, modern, deep, cold, hot.
Проект фундамента может быть сложнее или проще, это зависит от размера фундамента.
Более глубокий фундамент стоит дороже, в то время как строительство неглубокого фундамента стоит дешевле.
Чем глубже фундамент, тем дороже его строительство.
В столице России находятся самые современные здания.
Самое важное при строительстве фундамента- это информация о типе почвы и климата.
REFERENCES:
Adapted from Building Construction Principles and Practices by D.Walton.,pp.18-21.
Unit 4. The building team.
Vocabulary.
Code of practice - строительные нормы и правила
Overall layout - генеральный план
Beam - балка, траверса
To run business - вести дело, предприятие
Durable - прочный
To be involved in - быть вовлечённым
To confirm - подтверждать
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Roof trusses - ферма, кровля из стропильных ферм
Suspended floors - перекрытие без промежуточных основ
Government – правительство
To design – проектировать, изображать, конструировать
Equipment – оборудование, оснащение
To calculate – вычислять, рассчитывать
The building team includes the client, the design team, the contractor’s team, the building material suppliers, the regulators.
A client who has access to money and land is the most important person in a building project. The client may be a private individual, a commercial organization or the government.
The design team is responsible for the overall layout. The designers produce design drawings, working drawings and perspectives.
The structural engineer calculates the weight of the construction materials, the people and the equipment.
The quantity surveyor prepares a bill of quantities so that contractors can accurately price the work.
The construction team consists of the main contractor, the general foreman, surveyors, laborers, estimators, subcontractors, supervisors and others. There are also technicians who work for design or building teams and carry out work to high standards. Their work is to complete details on drawings, make changes on site when required, price the changes, inspect the building work, organize the right number and type of building workers, order equipment and building materials.
Constructing a building takes people, materials and equipment. The manufactures make all the materials, the builders’ merchants buy these materials and sell them to the building contractors.
The building inspectors confirm that the design, layout and constructing methods are acceptable to building regulations and codes of practice.
The planners control building projects of different categories: domestic, commercial, industrial, public and agricultural. Houses, flats, hostels; offices, shops, markets; factories, warehouses; cinemas, theatres, hospitals, schools, churches; farms, small-holdings.
Answer the following questions:
What is the structural engineer responsible for?
What does the building team consist of?
What are they charge of?
What are the common categories of building types and give some examples of them?
Exercises:
1) Match the Russian and English equivalents. Make up the sentences with these words and word combinations:
| 1regulator 2supplier 3surveyor 4supervisor 5general foreman 6estimator 7labourers 8bricklaying 9plumbing 10carpentry | a. водопроводное дело b. кладка кирпича c.эксперт по оценке, сметчик d. главный мастер, прораб e. разнорабочий f. поставщик g. руководитель проекта h. геодезист, топограф i. инспектор j.плотничное дело |
2) Remember the following professions/occupations:
f.e. work-worker
music-musician
Электрик, плотник, оценщик, геодезист, инспектор, строитель, подрядчик, разнорабочий, сантехник, субподрядчик, поставщик, инженер, дизайнер, проектировщик, производитель, специалист.
3) Use –s in Present Simple if it’s necessary. Make up questions to the sentences:
The designer produce… design drawings and working drawings. The building inspector confirm… the design, layout and constructing methods. The quantity surveyors prepare… a bill of quantities. The technicians work …for design or building teams and carry… out very important work. The structural engineers calculate… the weight. The supplier provide…construction materials.
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4) Form nouns using appropriate suffixes: -tion,-ity,- ment,-ance,-ate,-ant,- ness and others. Make up the sentences with these words:
Important-
Confirm-
Calculate-
Hard-
Soft-
Active-
Equip-
Organize-
Govern-
Regulate-
Accept-
5) Complete the sentences according to the text:
Constructing a building takes…
The building team includes…
There are different categories of construction…
The design team carries out…
The constructing methods should satisfy…
REFERENCES:
Adapted from Building Construction Principles and Practices by D.Walton.,pp.5-8
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