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C) Retell the Text about brickmaking.
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SECTION 1 VOCABULARY AND WORD STUDY
1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the text "Strength of Materials" and translate the given sentences.
1. strength of materials — сопротивление материалов
compressive strength [kam'presiv] — прочность на сжатие
fatigue strength [fs'tkg] — усталостная прочность
impact strength ['impaekt] — работа деформации при удар
ном изломе, ударная вязкость
static strength ['staetik] — статическая прочность, прочность при статической нагрузке yield strength [ji:ld] — условный предел текучести
This book covers requirements for an engineering undergraduate course on strength of materials and structures. One of the essential properties of concrete is its compressive strength. The process is applied to high performance equipment where it is not possible to increase the fatigue strength by adding more material. Impact strength on reinforced concrete structures was estimated by this method. We investigated the resistance to fracture in relation to the static strength and structure of two beams. Prior to the yield strength the material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape.
2. damage ['daemidj] n v — повреждение, разрушение, де-
фект; повреждать, разрушать, наносить ущерб
This will do a lot of damage to the beam. Fires damage parts of buildings and whole buildings.
120 Английский язык для студентов строительных специальностей
UNIT 6. BUILDING SCIENCE | 121
3. fail ['feil] v — повреждать, разрушать, выходить из
строя
failure ['feiljg] n — разрушение, авария, сбой, неисправность
brittle failure [bntl] — хрупкое разрушение compressive (compression) failure — разрушение при сжатии
ductile failure ['dAktail] — вязкое (пластическое) разрушение tensile failure — разрушение при растяжении
The roof joint failed because of the roof heating up. Frost action causes serious failures of concrete. One of the most important characteristics of the structural strength of steels is the resistance to brittle failure. The complexities of compressive failure become apparent when a solid block of material is squeezed between parallel plates. Damage models can be used to predict ductile failure in metal forming processes. The standard way to measure tensile strength is to use a small bar with uniform width and to pull at each end until the hav fails.
4. prevent (from) [pn'vent] v — предотвращать, предохра
нять
Temporary end stops should be used to prevent concrete from flowing along the bottom of the shutters and segregating.
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5. dimension [dai'menjn] n — размер, объем
A room has three spatial dimensions: length, height and width.
6. strain [strein] n v — деформация, напряжение, натя
жение
The change of dimensions in a material due to a stress is called strain.
7. withstand [wiS'stasnd] v - противостоять, выдерживать
Reinforced concrete can usefully withstand bending load.
8. bear ['Ьеэ] (bore, borne) v -поддерживать, служить
опорой
bearing n — опора
bearing reactions — опорное давление
The bridge must bear the weight of the cars and trucks. The experiment was an investigation into the practicability of fixing precast units directly on to their beam bearings. An experimental technique is described for the measurement of bearing reactions in bridge slabs.
9. enable [1'neibl] v — давать (создавать) возможность All floors must be constructed before the roof is put on and waterproofed to enable finishing work to begin.
10. implement v — выполнять, осуществлять, реализовы-
вать
The construction committee's suggestions will be implemented immediately.
11. be subjected to [sab'cfeektid] - подвергаться
Abeam is a structural element that is subjected to forces acting perpendicular to it.
12. deflection [di'flekjn] n - прогиб, упругая деформация
The deflection of a beam depends on its length, its cross-sectional
shape, the material, where the deflecting force is applied, and how the beam is supported.
122 I Английский язык для студентов строительных специальностей
13. shear stress ['Jis] — касательное напряжение
tensile stress — растягивающее напряжение Shear stress is calculated based on the principle of conservation of momentum. There are some kinds of materials which cannot withstand tensile stress.
14. tension ['tenfn] n — растяжение, натяжение
Concrete has a much higher strength when it is under compression than it has when it is subjected to tension.
15. assess [a'ses] v — оценивать
assessment [a'sesmantj n — оценка
They tried to assess the damage to the building. This organization provides the assessment and control of construction products.
16. capable (of) ['kerpablj adj — способный
capability ^keipa'bilati] n — способность, возможность, мощность, производительность
A new sports hall capable (/accommodating 6,000 people has recently been completed. The engineer explained the technical capabilities of the building structure.
17. fulfil [ful'fil] v — выполнять, исполнять
fulfilment [ful'filmantj n — выполнение
This type of finishes fulfils different functions.
18. increase ['irjkri:sj [m'kri:s] n v — возрастание, увеличе
ние; возрастать, увеличивать
decrease ['dirkrirs] [,di:'kri:s] n v — уменьшение, снижение, падение; уменьшать, снижать, падать, убывать
An increase in the volume of building can only be achieved by greater productivity. By using industrial methods of construction
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UNIT 6. BUILDING SCIENCE 123
Ihe speed of construction may be considerably increased. It is possible to considerably decrease the building costs by using prefabrication.
19. expand [iks'paend] v — расширять, увеличиваться в
объеме
expansion [ik'spsenfn] n — расширение, растягивание
Thousands of country towns expanded into great industrial or commercial centres. The site allows for further expansion to double the present size of the factory.
20. displace [dis'pleis] v — выдавливать, вытеснять
displacement n — перемещение, сдвиг, смещение
The denser cold water sinks to displace the heated water, which is forced to rise. We can describe quantitatively the amount of lateral displacement of the beam.
2. Read and translate the following international words. Look
up their transcriptions in the dictionary if necessary. Mind the
part of speech.
Collection n, focus n v, phenomena n, optimize v, prevent v, specific, hyperstatic adj, permanent adj, service n, esthetics n, reaction n, neutralize v, equilibrium n, gravitational adj, term n, trend n, stress n, express v, compressive adj, oppose v, limit n, manner n, thermal adj.
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