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Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
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| Положительная степень | Сравнительная степень | Превосходная степень |
| Односложные и двусложные | ||
| -er | -est | |
| large большой | larger больший | the largest самый большой |
| thin тонкий | thinner тоньше | the thinnest самый тонкий |
| near близкий | nearer ближе | the nearest самый близкий |
| late поздний | later позже | the latest самый поздний |
| early раний | earlier раньше | the earliest самый ранний |
| Некоторые двусложные и многосложные | ||
| More | the most | |
| difficult трудный | more difficult труднее | the most difficult самый трудный |
| slowly медленно | more slowly медленнее | the most slowly медленнее всего |
| Interesting интересный | more interesting интереснее | the most interesting самый интересный |
| easily легко | more easily легче | the most easily легче всего |
| Особые случаи | ||
| good хороший well хорошо | лучший better лучше | наилучший the best лучше всего |
| bad плохой badly плохо | худший worse хуже | наихудший the worst хуже всего |
| Much много many | more больше | the most больше всего |
| little маленький | less меньший | the least самый маленький |
| interesting интересный | less interesting менее интересный | the least interesting наименее интересный |
Some, any, every, no
| -body, -one | -thing | -where | |
| Some | somebody, someone кто-то, кто-нибудь, кто-либо | something что-то, что-нибудь, что-либо | somewhere где-то, где-нибудь, куда-то, куда-нибудь |
| any | anybody, anyone кто-то, кто-нибудь, кто-либо | anything что-то, что-нибудь, что-либо | anywhere где-то, где-нибудь, куда-то, куда-нибудь |
| every | everybody, everyone все, каждый | everything всё | everywhere везде, повсюду |
| no | nobody, no one, none никто | nothing ничего, ничто | nowhere нигде, никуда |
Задание 6. Переведите на русский язык:
1. Put the chair somewhere in the room.
2. He made some mistakes in his test.
3. Have you got any money with you?
4. He said something to her.
5. There was nobody in the room.
6. Did anyone phone me while I was out?
7. Anyone can learn a foreign language.
8. He went nowhere last night.
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9. Did you tell anyone about it?
10. Nobody helped me to do this work.
11. I think he knows something about it.
12. Give me some coffee, please.
Задание 7. Заполните пропуски соответствующими неопределёнными местоимениями:
1. I haven’t got ___ money with me.
2. I’m sorry but I didn’t have ___ time to translate the text.
3. He never makes ___ mistakes.
4. Nick says he has ___ English magazines.
5. There was ___ in the street at that time.
6. Have you passed ___ exams?
7. Unfortunately, I have ___ friends in Kiev.
8. Did he tell you ___ about the meeting?
9. She went ___ last night.
10. Sorry, but I can do ___ for you.
11. There were __ newspapers on the table.
12. Have you taken__ books from the library?
13. I think you have__ news.
14. I have never met him__
15. He told me__ about it.
16. I know__ phoned her yesterday.
§ 6. Both… and, either… or, neither… nor
both… and… как… так и …, не только…, но и
either… or… либо… либо…
neither… nor… ни… ни…
Например,
Both my friend and I want to be militiamen.
Как мой друг, так и я хотим быть милиционерами.
Come to see me either on Saturday or on Sunday.
Приходи ко мне в субботу, либо в воскресенье.
Neither my mother nor my father can help me.
Ни моя мать, ни мой отец не могут помочь мне.
Примечание: при употреблении парного союза neither… nor… не требуются другие средства выражения отрицания.
Задание 8. Переведите на английский язык, используя парные союзы:
a) both… and…
как вчера, так и сегодня; как студенты, так и преподаватели; как Великобритания, так и другие европейские страны; как по радио, так и по телевизору; как газеты, так и журналы;
b) either… or…
либо завтра, либо сегодня; либо Ваш друг, либо Вы; или в театр, или в кино; или утром, или вечером; либо читать, либо смотреть телевизор;
c) neither… nor…
ни на лекции, ни на семинаре; ни мой друг, ни я; ни в этом месяце, ни в следующем; ни в библиотеке, ни в читальном зале; ни в учебнике, ни в словаре.
§ 7. There+to be
| Утвердительная форма | Вопросительная форма | Отрицательная форма |
| There is a TV-set in their room | Is there a TV-set in their room? | There is no TV-set in their room. |
| There are flowers in the vase | Are there flowers in the vase? | There are no flowers in the vase. |
Примечание: 1. Перед числительными и перед словами many, much, any вместо no ставится отрицание not:
There are not many books on the table.
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2. В обороте со словом there могут употребляться другие глаголы, например: to stand, to live:
There stands a table in the centre of the room.
Задание 9. Переведите предложения с английского на русский язык:
a) 1. There is an interesting article about our Institute in today’s newspaper.
2. There are millions of books in the Lenin State Library.
3. There was a very interesting students’ conference at our department last month.
4. Last year there were twenty-eight students in our group.
5. Tomorrow at 6 p. m. there will be a lecture on the state system of England at our club.
b) 1. There are no students in the library at this hour of the day.
2. I know that in this Institute there is no big conference hall.
3. There was no need for you to come here yesterday.
4. There were not any new expressions in that text.
5. There will be no old small houses in this street in a year.
c) 1. Is there a big conference hall in your Institute?
2. Are there many students in your group who are not Moscovites?
3. Were there many exams at your department last term?
4. Was there a student’s conference at your Institute last month?
5. Will there be a meeting at your department tomorrow?
d) 1. Is there a good laboratory in your Institute? – Yes, there is.
2. Are there many English books in your library? – Yes, there are.
3. Are there any industrial enterprises in the centre of Moscow? – No, there are not.
4. What is there near your house? – There is a large park.
5. How many students are there in your group? – There are twenty-six.
6. A few days ago there was a storm. There was a lot of damage.
7. The journey took a long time. There was a lot of traffic.
English verbs
Английские глаголы
Формы английского глагола
| Основа глагола Base | Past simple | Причастие прошедшего времени Participle II | Причастие настоящего времени Participle I | |
| Стандарт-ные глаголы | V | Ved | Ving | |
| ask спрашивать | asked спросил спрашивал | asked спрошенный | asking спрашивающий | |
| Нестан дартные глаголы | write писать | wrote написал | written написанный | writing пишущий |
Время глагола
| Время действия показывает первый вспомогательный глагол | Настоящее | Прошедшее | Будущее |
| am, is, are, have, has, do, does | was, were had, did | shall, will |
Вид глагола
| be Ving | длящееся, незаконченное действие (процесс в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем) |
| have Vз | завершенное действие (в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем) |
Simple Tenses
| Present Simple | Past Simple | Future Simple |
| Возможные указатели времени | ||
| usually обычно always всегда sometimes иногда often часто every time каждый раз every day(daily) каждый день every week(weekly) каждую неделю every month(monthly) каждый месяц every year(annually) каждый год | yesterday вчера the day before yesterday позавчера last week на прошлой неделе last month в прошлом месяце last year в прошлом году last time в прошлый раз two days ago два дня назад | tomorrow завтра the day after tomorrow послезавтра next week на следующей неделе next month в следующем месяце next year в следующем году next time в следующий раз in an hour через час |
| Образование Утвердительная форма | ||
| V, Vs I meet them at the University on Mondays. Я встречаю их в университете по понедельникам. He studies English words every day. Он учит английские слова каждый день. | Ved, V2 We met at the station last week. Мы встречались на вокзале на прошлой неделе. She studied Civil law last year. Она изучала гражданское право в прошлом году. | shall, will + V We’ll meetthe participants of the conference in 2 days. Мы встретимся с участниками конференции через 2 дня. They will study French next year. Они будут изучать французский язык в следующем году. |
| Вопросительная форма | ||
| do, does + V Do you meet them at the University on Mondays? Встречаете ли вы их в университете по понедельникам? Does he study English words every day? Учит ли он английские слова каждый день? | did + V Did you meet at the station last week? Вы встречались на вокзале на прошлой неделе, Did she study Civil law last year? Она изучала гражданское право в прошлом году? | shall, will + V Will you meet the participants of the conference in 2 days? Мы встретимся с участниками конференции через 2 дня? Will they study French next year? Будут они изучать французский в следующем году? |
| Отрицательная форма | ||
| do not(don’t) + V,does not(doesn’t) + V I don’t meet them at the University on Mondays. Я не встречаю их в университете по понедельникам. He doesn’t study English words every day. Он не учит английские слова каждый день | did not (didn’t) + V We didn’t meet at the station last week. Мы не встречались на станции на прошлой неделе. She didn’t study Civil law last year. Она не изучала гражданское право в прошлом году | shall not(shan’t) + V, will not(won’t) + V We won’t meet the participants of the conference in 2 days. Мы не встретимся с участниками конференции через 2 дня They won’t study French next year. Они не будет изучать французский в следующем году. |
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Задание 10. Переведите следующие предложения:
a) 1. My friend works far from his house.
2. Our teacher has a large flat in this new house.
3. I read English newspapers every day.
4. We see some people at that bus stop.
5. My friend’s house is in a small green street not far from here.
b) 1. I do not go to my work by bus, I go there on foot.
2. My wife does not read newspapers.
3. We have no news.
4. My son is not here now, he is in Omsk.
c) 1. Do you always meet your friend at that bus stop?
2. Is the bus stop far from your house?
3. Does your friend work as a judge, too?
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4. Do you have any English books?
d) 1. Do you go to your work by bus or do you go there on foot?
2. Does your friend’s wife work at school or at the hospital?
3. Do you have a small or a large flat in this house?
4. Is your friend a teacher or a doctor?
e) 1. Where do you work?
2. Where are you from?
3. When are you free?
4. How do you learn new English words?
5. Who do you meet at our club?
6. Who has any good news?
f) 1. Do you live in Moscow? – Yes, I do.
2. Does your friend speak English? – No, he does not.
3. Is your friend a first-year student? – No, he is not.
4. Are you free now? – Yes, I am.
5. Have you any English newspapers? – No, I have not.
6. Who works as an English teacher at this school? – My friend’s wife does.
7. Who is your friend? – Peter Ivanov is.
8. Who has any English books at home? – All our students have.
Задание 11. Переведите эти предложения, обращая внимание на формы глагола:
a) 1. We visited Peter’s family last night.
2. I spoke English with my friends a great deal last year.
3. Last week we already knew all the words from this text.
4. I saw all my friends at the club yesterday.
5. I had a lot of work at home last week.
6. Yesterday I was at home all day long.
b) 1. I did not read any English book last year.
2. My father had no free time yesterday.
3. I did not talk about our plans with my parents last week.
4. The other day I wanted to see my friend in the club but he was not there.
5. My brother and sister were not students two years ago.
c) 1. Did you learn all the words from these texts yesterday?
2. Did your family have this three-room flat last year?
3. Did you try to learn English yourself?
4. Were you in the hostel yesterday?
5. Was she at work two days ago?
d) 1. Did you see a new film at our club yesterday?
2. Were you already a student last year?
3. Who gave you this book yesterday?
4. Who was your English teacher at school?
5. Who had English classes yesterday?
Задание 12. Поставьте сказуемое в соответствующую временную форму:
1. We (study) Criminalistics next year.
2. The students (to have) a meeting yesterday.
3. My friend (to go) to the Institute every day.
4. I (to work) as a militiaman 2 years ago.
5. ___ you (to see) him next Saturday?
6. We ___ (not to know) about it.
7. I (to take) a pencil from my friend 5 minutes ago.
8. ___ you (to study) English or German?
9. We (to translate) the text at the next lesson.
10. My father (to read) newspapers every day.
11. He (to come) home at 6 o’clock last night.
12. I (not to see) this film yesterday.
13. Jane (not to drink) tea very often.
14. It (take) me an hour to get to work. How long (it/take) you?
15. It was warm, so I (take) off my coat.
16. Don’t worry about your exam. I’m sure you (pass) it.
17. We went to the Kate’s house but she (not to be) at home.
18. What time (the banks/close) in Britain?
19. The bed was very uncomfortable. I (not to sleep) very well.
20. It’s raining. Don’t go out. You (get) wet.
21. I knew Sarah was very busy, so I (not to disturb) her.
22. I don’t understand this sentence. What (this word/mean)?
23. It was a funny situation but nobody (laugh).
24. ‘Where (Martin/come) from?’ ‘He’s Scottish’.
Types of questions
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