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Food premises. Sections (structure of premises). Prevention of food contamination. Function of medical personnel. Hospital planning
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FOOD PREMISES
Food premises: place for handling and food cooking
Types: 1 - Central - in school and crib
2 - Combine - in hospitals
Sections (structure of premises)
1. Food reception - food inspection and evaluation Of food quality.
2. Storage room - temperature in refrigerator for meat 0°, for milk and its products 2-4°, for fruits 4°, time of storage for meat up to 5 days. Milk not more than 72 hours.
3. Room for stuff - special palace with toilet and shower bath.
4. Processing room for food cooking.
5. For equipment washing (crockery)
6. Delivery room
7. Dining hall
8. Technical room for technical workers
Prevention of food contamination
1. Hygiene of personnel keep himself clean specially hands and clothes
2. Cleanliness of the rooms
3. Cleanliness of equipment's
4. Protection of food
5. Good facilities for washing food and equipment's
6. Temperature at which food is to be kept (4-8°)
7. Lighting and ventilation must be suitable and sufficient
8 Adequate supply of hot and cold water
9 Prevent risk of infection by rats, mice, and insects
Function of medical personnel
• to eliminate the contamination of the food
• prevent food poisoning
• periodical medical examination of workers
• food inspections
• routine kitchen inspections
Exercise
Write your conclusion and recommendation аЪощ the sanitary situation in hospital kitchens after studying the plan.
Questions
1. Type of food premises in hospital
2. How many sections there are
3. Temperature for food keeping
4. Function of doctor
5. Types of medical examination and lab. Analysis which the workers have to pass
6 With which diseases workers are not allowed to work in the kitchen
HOSPITAL PLANNING
A modern hospital is a place where people come to get well and not to die. The main role of the hospital service is to provide investigation and treatment facilities.
The goal of hospital sanitation, is prevention of disease transmission inside the hospital (cross infection).
Planning and site selection
The types of the hospital planing (buildings).
1. Compound planning (central building): All departments in one building.
Disadvantages: The cross infection
2. Non compound planning: Every department in separate small buildings
Disadvantages:
• economic factor
• the shortage of workers(especially paramedical), to serve the
hospital.
3 Mixture planning: This is the most efficient type of planning where all departments in one building, except those departments, which might be a source of infections, as the department of infectious diseases and maternity.
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Area for hospital
• there should be sufficient area for all buildings in the plan
• minimize sound pollution
• good transportation routes
• good water supply and drainage
• Away from factories
There are five zons in the area of the hospital:
• zone of the mam building (the departments)
• zone of infection diseases department
• zone of the morque
• green zone
• thrifty zone
The space of hospitals area depends on:
a) The system of hospital planing b) Numbers of the beeds c) Profile of the hospital
12 - 15% of the area for buildings. 50% of the area for natural il lumination and ventilation.
Hospital departments: in every department there are one or two sections. Every sections contains 30 beds.
For good natural lighting. Orientation of the windows must be to the south-east, L С –1: 5 – 1: 6.
1) Hospital wards contain 1-2-3-4 beds, about 7 m2 for every bed
2) Room for doctors
3) Dining hall
4) Room for treatment and injections
5) Room for medical personals
6) Room for sisters on duty
7) Dressing room
There must be a good source of natural and artificial lighting
Temperature 25 - 18°C. Humidity - 35-60%.
Exercise
Write your conclusion about a department of internal diseases after studying the design (plan) of department.
Questions
1 - How many sections are there?
2 - Are there enough numbers of rooms?
3 - Numbers of beds?
4 - Is there dining room? 5 - Are thert room with one or two beds?
6 - Is there (room) for sister on night duty?
Department of operations.
Operation block is an important section of surgical department.
The block must have:
• good connection with surgical wards
• a good connection with reception
• an easy connection with laboratory
• it must be at the end of the building (to control cross-
infection)
• orientation - north-west
The sections of operational block:
1. Operation hall capacity depend on the number of the beds in the surgical words: one operational bed - for 30 patients, two operational beds - for 60 patients, three operational beds - for 100 patients. The Height of the hall must not be less than 3, 5 m, area 36-48 m2.
2. Room for surgeon and his assistants
3. Anestesian room
4. Room for local sterilization
5. Post operational room for patients after operation with 1-2 beds (intensive care).
Exercise
Write your conclusion about the operation block after. studying the design (plan)
Questions
1 - Situation of the block?
2 - Is there a good connection with wgkattwordjtod ibe reception?
3 - Sections of the block?
4 - How many operational beds are there?
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