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Exercise 3. Part 3 Practice your vocabulary and use of language skills. Exercise 1. For questions 1 - 12 read the text below and decide which answer (А, В, с or d) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
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Exercise 3.
PART 3 PRACTICE YOUR VOCABULARY AND USE OF LANGUAGE SKILLS
Exercise 1. For questions 1 - 12 read the text below and decide which answer (А, В, С or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
MODERN SCIENCE
It seems entirely (1) … to us that there are teams of scientists in universities and other institutions around the world, attempting to (2) … the way the world works. However, it hasn’t always been that (3) …. Although the scientific method is now four or five hundred years old, the ancient Greeks, for example believed that they could work out the (4) of natural events just by the power of thought.
During the 17th century, more and more people began to realise that they could (5)… their scientific ideas by designing a relevant (6) … and seeing what happened. A lot of (7) … was made in this way by individual scientists. These men
and women often worked alone, carrying out (8) … into many different areas of science, and they often received very little (9) … for their hard work. At the start of the 20th century, though, it became (10) that science was becoming more complicated and more expensive. The individual scientist disappeared, to be replaced by highly qualified teams of experts. Modern science was born.
1. 1) physical 3) abnormal
2) natural 4) illegal
2. 1) create 3) construct
2) invent 4) discover
3. 1) route 3) way
2) method 4) technique
4. 1) aims 3) causes
2) reasons 4) impulses
5. 1) calculate 3) measure
2) estimate 4) test
6. 1) experiment 3) attempt
2) research 4) analysis
7. 1) development3) progress
2) movement 4) evolution
8. 1) research 3) discovery
2) invention 4) education
9. 1) award 3) gift
2) prize 4) reward
10. 1) clear 3) accurate
2) true 4) actual
Exercise 2. Study the text and choose the correct variant.
INFORMATION SCIENCE
Information Science is an interdisciplinary academic field that deals (1) … the generation, collection, organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of recorded knowledge. Although it is related (2) … library science, information science is a separate discipline.
Library science is (3) … professional area of study designed to prepare individuals (4) … careers as librarians. (5) librarians are primarily concerned with such tasks as evaluating, processing, storing, and retrieving information.
Information science combines elements of librarianship (6) … ideas and technologies from many other fields, including social sciences, computer science, mathematics, electrical engineering, linguistics, management, neuroscience, and information systems theory. Within the field of information science, information may be defined as the knowledge contained (7) … the human brain and in all electronic and written records. Information science is the scientific study of that information: how it is created, transmitted, encoded, transformed, retrieved, measured, used, and valued.
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Information scientists are interested (8) … studying such questions as the following: What is the effect of information (9) … individuals and groups when it is presented in various formats? How do humans and computers interact? What is the reliability of retrieving information (10) … online databases and the Internet?
1. a) on b) with c) in d) at
2. a) at b) with c) from d) to
3. a) a b) an c) the d) —
4. a) at b) onto c) for d) out
5. a) a b) an c) the d) —
6. a) within b) from c) of d) with
7. a) in b) on c) off d) into
8. a) with b) in c) at d) from
9. a) onto b) into c) on d) at
10. a) off b) at c) with d) from
Exercise 3. Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning.
| Another area of computer science that has found wide practical (0) use is …(1) – the design and …(2) of computer controlled mechanical devices. Robots range in …(3) from toys to automated factory assembly lines, and relieve humans from tedious, repetitive, or dangerous tasks. Robots are also employed where …(4) of speed, precision, consistency, or cleanliness exceed what humans can accomplish. Roboticists – scientists involved in the field of robotics – study the many aspects of …(5) robots. These aspects include modeling the robot’s physical properties, modeling its environment, …(6) its actions, directing its mechanisms …(7), using sensors to provide feedback to the controlling program, and ensuring the …(8) of its behavior. They also study ways of simplifying the …(9) of control programs. One area of research seeks to provide robots with more of the dexterity and adaptability of humans, and is …(10) associated with artificial intelligence (AI). | PRACTICE ROBOT DEVELOP COMPLEX REQUIRE CONTROL PLAN EFFICIENT SAFE CREATE CLOSE |
Exercise 4. Read text. Fill in the gaps with only one suitable word. The first letter of each missing word is given.
Human-computer interfaces provide the means for p… (1) to use computers. An example of a human-computer i… (2) is the keyboard, which lets humans enter c… (3) into a computer and e… (4) text into a specific application. The diversity of research into human-computer interfacing corresponds to the diversity of computer u… (5) and applications. However, a unifying theme is the d… (6) of better interfaces and experimental evaluation of their effectiveness. Examples include improving computer a… (7) for people with disabilities, simplifying program use, developing three-dimensional i… (8) and output devices for virtual r… (9), improving handwriting and s… (10) recognition.
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