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Higher Education Vocabulary for U.S.
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Higher Education Vocabulary for U. S.
| Type of School | Student is called... | Degree Earned |
| University has graduate school & undergraduate school: freshman to doctorate in one institution | a graduate student an undergraduate student | Graduate Degrees Ph. D. = Doctor of Philosophy Ed. D. = Doctor of Education. M. A. = Master of Arts M. S. = Master of Science ------------------------ Undergraduate Degree Bachelor's Degree B. A. = Bachelor of Arts B. S. = Bachelor of Science |
| College= 4-Year-College | a senior a junior a sophomore a freshman = an undergraduate student | Bachelor's Degree B. A. = Bachelor of Arts B. S. = Bachelor of Science |
| Junior College= Community College = 2-Year-College | a sophomore a freshman | Associate's Degree A. A. = Associate of Arts A. S. = Associate of Science |
Основные тексты для чтения и понимания
Текст 1
Education
Education encompasses both the teaching and learning of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency. It thus focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as mental, moral and aesthetic development.
Formal education consists of systematic instruction, teaching and training by professional teachers. This consists of the application of pedagogy and the development of curricula.
The right to education is a fundamental human right. Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. At world level, the United Nations' International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13.
Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often for children and the young. A curriculum defines what students should know, understand and be able to do as the result of education. A teaching profession delivers teaching which enables learning, and a system of policies, regulations, examinations, structures and funding enables teachers to teach to the best of their abilities. Sometimes educational systems can be used to promote doctrines or ideals as well as knowledge, which is known as social engineering. This can lead to political abuse of the system, particularly in totalitarian states and government.
Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or seven years of schooling starting at the age of 5 or 6, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising.
In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is characterised by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, " post-secondary", or " higher" education (e. g., university, vocational school) for adults.
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Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.
Выберите правильный вариант ответа:
A definition of education includes:
the process of teaching,
the process of teaching and learning
Everywhere in the world children go to primary schools:
at the same age
the age may differ.
Tertiary education refers to:
primary education,
secondary education,
post secondary education.
Tertiary education is:
optional.
compulsory
Текст 2
The merry-go-round of college life is something that one' never forgets. It's a fascinating, fantastic, fabulous experience, irrespective of the fact whether one is a full-time or a part-time student.
Who can forget, the first day at the university when one turns from an applicant who 'has passed entrance exams into a first-year student? Idid it! Ientered, I got in to the university! A solemn ceremony in front of the university building and serious people making speeches. Hey, lad, do you happen to know who they are? Who? The rector, vice-rectors, deans, subdeans... and what about those ladies? Heads of departments and senior lecturers? Okay. Some of them must be professors, some— associate or assistant professors, but, of course, аll of them have high academic degrees.
The monitors have student membership cards, student record books and library cards – so one feels like a real person. First celebrations and then days of hard work. So many classes, so many new subjects to put on the timetable! The curriculum seems to be developed especially for geniuses. Lectures, seminars and tutorials, Home preparations; a real avalanche of homeworks.
If one cannot cope with the work load of college he or she immediately starts lagging behind. It is easier to keep pace with the programme than to catch up with it later. Everyone tries hard to be, or at least to look, diligent. First tests and examination sessions. The first successes and first failures: " I have passed! " or " He has not given me a pass! " Tears and smiles. And a long-awaited vacation.
The merry-go-round runs faster. Assignments, written reproductions, compositions, synapses, papers. Translations checked up and marked. " Professor, Ihave never played truant, I had a good excusefor missing classes". Works handed in and handed out. Reading up for exams. " No, professor, I have never cheated — no cribs. I just crammed".
Junior students become senior. Still all of them are one family – undergraduates. Students' parties in the students' club. Meeting people and parting with people. You know, Nora is going to be expelled and Dora is going to graduate with honours. Yearly essays, graduation dissertations, finals...
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What? A teacher's certificate? You mean, I've got a degree in English? I am happy! It is over! It is over... Is it over? Oh, no...
A postgraduate course, a thesis, an oral, and a degree in Philology. The first of September. Where are the students of the faculty of foreign languages? Is it the English department? Oh. how nice...
Ответьте на вопросы:
1. Say a few words about your university: say what it is called, speak about its faculties and their specializations.
2. Would you compare college life with a merry-go-round or with something else?
3. What do you think of the first months at the university?
4. They say that it is a poor soldier who does not want to become a general. Name the steps of the social ladder which a student must pass to climb up to the position of the rector. Use the words from the list below, placing one word on one step.
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