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A) Put the verbs into the correct form: Past Simple vs Present Perfect.
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a. The judge already (pass) sentence.
b. He just (go) for an interview.
c. This employee (get) lower salary last year.
d. The management (agree) to negotiate problems with the trade union yesterday.
e. They already (fill in) vacant positions.
f. He is not working at the moment, he (retire).
g. Many applicants (send) already their CV to the administrative office.
h. He (receive) 60 pounds as unemployment benefit last month.
B) Make up questions about your partner's parents work experience and studies and ask him to answer them. Use Past Simple or Present Perfect.
GLOSSARY
1. apply for (v.) - to ask for something, usually in writing.
e.g. My client wishes to apply for legal aid.
2. applicant (n.) - person who applies for something.
Letter of application = a letter in which someone applies for a job.
3. curriculum vitae (CV) (n.) - summary of a person’s life story showing details of education and work experience. The US English is rėsumė.
e.g. Candidates should send a letter of application with a CV to the administrative office.
4. fee (n.) - payments made to doctors, lawyers, teachers for their services.
5. negotiate (v.) - to discuss a problem formally with someone, so as to reach an agreement.
e.g. The management refused to negotiate with the trade union.
6. organizational chart (n.) - diagram showing how a company is organized.
7. personnel (staff) (n.) - people who work in an office or company or department.
e.g. All the personnel have to sign the Official Secrets Acts.
8. position (n.) - job or paid work in company.
e.g. We have several positions vacant.
9. salary (n.) - payment made to professional people (teachers, doctors, managers, engineers).
e.g. Salaries are paid monthly.
10. quit (v.) - to leave a job.
e.g. Several of the managers are quitting to set up their own company.
11. promote (v.) - to give someone a more important job.
e.g. He was promoted from salesman to sales manager.
12. recruit (v.) - to get people to join an organization.
e.g. Twenty five women were recruited into the local police force.
13. wage (n.) - payments made to factory workers, shop assistants, clerks, and so on.
e.g. Wages are paid weekly.
14. employ (v.) - to give someone regular paid work.
e.g. He employed twenty people more who did not work for him before.
employee (n.) - a person who works for another person or business.
e.g. General Motors Corporation has several thousand employees.
employer (n.) - a person or company that hires workers and provides work.
e.g. The employer provides medical insurance and retirement plan in addition to excellent wages.
15. retire (v.) - to stop work and take a pension.
e.g. The chairman of the company retired at the age of 65.
16. transfer (v.) - to move someone or something to a new place.
e.g. The accountant was transferred to our Scottish branch.
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17. announcement (n.) - felling something in public.
e.g. The chairman made an announcement about the increase of dividends.
18. benefit (n.) - money or advantage gained from something or payments made to someone.
e.g. She receives $60 a week as unemployment benefit.
19. grievance (n.) - complaint.
e.g. Grievance procedure.
20. evaluate (v.) - to calculate a value.
21. job evaluation (n.) - examining different jobs within a company to see what skills and qualifications are needed to carry them out with a view to establishing salary.
22. term(s) (n.) - a)conditions or duties which have to be carried out as a part of a contract.
e.g. Under the terms of the contract, the company is responsible for all damage to the property.
b) period of time.
e.g. A loan for a term of fifteen years.
23. remuneration (n.) - payment for a service.
e.g. He receives no remunerating for his work as secretary of the club.
24. overtime (n.) - hours worked more that the normal working time.
e.g. He worked six hours overtime.
25. insurance (n.) - a contract whereby one party, the insurer, agrees to guarantee another, the policy holder, against certain losses.
e.g. An automobile insurance policy will pay for medical expenses and damage to the automobile.
26. reference (n.) - written report on someone's character or ability.
e.g. Applicants are asked to supply references.
UNIT 6 A
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Section I
Exercise 1
Pronunciation practice.
Practise saying the words.
[ei] st a tement; sust ai n; b ai liff; deliber a tion
[uə] j u ry; d u ring
[u:] r u lings; overr u le; pr o ve
[ju:] u sual; d u ty; v iew
[i] e vent; test i mon y; exh i b i t; cred i b i l i t y; w i tness
[aiə] tr ia l; ret ire
[ai] ent i tled; testif y; gu i de; s ig n
[ɔ:] l aw yer; a lso; f ore man; c our troom
[ʌ] g u n; instr u ct; s u mmarize
[s] eviden c e; im´portan c e; senten c e, defen s e
[f] ph ysical; ph otograph
[tʃ] ques tio ns; pic ture; ea ch; dis ch arge
[au] all ow ed; pron ou nce, c ou nsel, c ou ncil
Exercise 2
Answer the questions:
Do you know
1. Who takes part in a trial?
2. Who presides over a trial?
3. Who reaches a verdict?
4. Who pronounces a sentence?
Exercise 3
Here are some words and word-combinations connected with criminal procedure. Read them and make sure you know their Russian equivalents. Organize them into logical groups. The number of the groups depends on the criteria you have chosen.
| jury bailiff testimony of witnesses courtroom to testify at trial to pronounce the sentence to reach a verdict lawyers for each side evidence deliberations on a verdict foreman judge presentation of evidence a party to a trial to present evidence to summarize the case defence prosecution clerk of the court prosecution counsel defense counsel police officer |
Exercise 4
Match the English words to their Russian equivalents.
| 1. trial | a. обвинение |
| 2. jury | b. суд присяжных |
| 3. prosecution | c. защита |
| 4. parties | d. зал судебных заседаний |
| 5. evidence | e. доказательство |
| 6. valid | f. старшина присяжных |
| 7. instructions | g. пристав |
| 8. foreman | h. стороны (судебного разбирательства) |
| 9. bailiff | i. юридически действительный |
| 10. courtroom | j. судебное разбирательство |
| 11. defence | k. напутствие судьи присяжным |
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Exercise 5
a) Match the English word combinations to their Russian equivalents.
| 1. to make objections to | a. давать свидетельские показания в суде |
| 2. to sustain the objection | b. представлять доказательства |
| 3. to overrule the objection | c. удаляться в комнату присяжных |
| 4. to testify at trial | d. отклонять возражение |
| 5. to present evidence | e. напутствовать присяжных |
| 6. to instruct the jury | f. принимать возражение |
| 7. to retire to the jury room | g. освободить присяжных от рассмотрения дела |
| 8. to discharge the jury from the case | h. заявить возражение |
B) Use some of the word combinations from the box and make 5 sentences to describe the trial procedure.
Exercise 6
a) Match the words or word-combinations to their explanations.
| 1. lawyers | a. to have a legal right |
| 2. to prove | b. barristers or solicitors |
| 3. parties | c. to give evidence in court |
| 4. to be entitled | d. to establish the truth |
| 5. to testify | e. the information used in court to prove something |
| 6. evidence | f. legally acceptable |
| 7. valid | g. directions to a jury |
| 8. instructions | h. people involved in a litigation |
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