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Спряжение глагола в будущем неопределенном времени
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| Лицо | Число | ||
| единственное | множественное | ||
| Утвердительная форма | shall/will work will work will work | shall/will work will work will work | |
| Отрицательная форма | shall not/will not work will not work will not work | shall not/will not work will not work will not work | |
| Вопросительная форма | Shall I work? Will you work? Will she work? | Shall we work? Will you work? Will they work? |
Future Simple образуется при помощи вспомогательных глаголов shall и will и инфинитива смыслового глагола – shall V; will V. Shall употребляется с первым лицом единственного и множественного числа: I (we) shall meet her at the statio n. Однако в разговорной речи распространено употребление глагола will во всех лицах и числах: He will be here in 5 minutes. I will finish my work soon. После личных местоимений в функции подлежащего возможно употребление сокращенной формы ’ll: I’ll, he’ll, she’ll, we’ll, you’ll, they’ll. We’ll leave a message.
Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола: shall not V; will not V. You will not believe me. We shall not come to her birthday party. Сокращенные формы: shan’t V и won’t V.
В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим, за которым следует смысловой глагол.
Общие вопросы: Will Sam stay here? – Yes, he will. / No, he won’t. Shall I help you? – Yes, please. / No, thanks. Shall we play volleyball? – OK, let’s play. / I’m afraid, I don’t want to. В вопросах с shall выражается предложение выполнить какое-либо действие, а не само будущее действие.
Альтернативные вопросы: Shall we stay at home or go to the movies? – Let’s go to the movies. Will Henry go on a trip by plane or by train? – He will fly.
Специальные вопросы: What shall I do? Where will they be in five years’ time? When will you tell me the truth? How old will he be next birthday? Who will win the race?
Разделительные вопросы: I will be rich, won’t I? – Yes, I will. / No, I won’t. He will leave tomorrow, won’t he? – Yes, he will. / No, he won’t. We won’t work next Saturday, will we? – No, you won’t. / Yes, you will. They won’t come to see us, will they? – No, they won’t. / Yes, they will. Если глагол shall обозначает предложение, то в разделительном вопросе употребляется shall I? или shall we? I’ll give you a lift, shall I? – Yes, please. / No, thanks. We’ll go by plane, shall we? – Oh yes, let’s go.
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Shall we? ставится в разделительном вопросе, если предложение начинается с Let’s …: Let’s go to the south, shall we?
Will you? ставится в разделительном вопросе, если в предложении употребляется повелительное наклонение: Turn off the light, will you?
В вопросительно-отрицательной форме частица not ставится непосредственно после подлежащего: Will they not bring the book?
Модели употребления
Future Simple употребляется:
1. Для выражения действия в будущем как факта: He will graduate from the university in 4 years. I will be 19 next year.
2. Для выражения возможного, с точки зрения говорящего, действия в будущем: I think they will pass the exams well. No doubt he will get this job. I am sure she will recover. Do you think they will win the match? В этой ситуации употребительны словосочетания: I think; I don’t think; I’m sure; I’m not sure; I expect; I believe; I’m afraid; I hope; No doubt; probably; perhaps.
3. Для выражения спонтанного решения в момент речи: Don’t lift this bag. I’ll help you. Today is Kate’s birthday. – Really? I’ll send her a card.
4. Для выражения угрозы, предупреждения: You’ll get into trouble. I’ll call the police.
5. Для выражения обещания, волеизъявления: I promise I’ll give up smoking. I’ll do it myself by all means.
6. Для выражения последовательных действий в будущем: I hope you will be here in time and we will have dinner together.
7. В главной части сложноподчиненных предложений с придаточными времени и условия: I’ ll tell her everything when I see her. We won’t leave him till he recovers. If it is warm, we ’ll go out of town.
8. Как в главной, так и придаточной дополнительной части сложноподчиненного предложения: I don’t know when he will return. Ask him if he will be free this evening.
Grammar Practice
Ex.1. Supply Future Simple and comment on the use.
1. I hope you (be) able to come to my birthday party this weekend. 2. Perhaps we (see) Nick at classes today. 3. I’m sure you (find) him here. 4. I promise, I (clean) the window this afternoon. 5. It’s cold. I (close) the window. 6. Somebody is ringing the doorbell. – I (open). 7. Oh! I feel terribly tired. – Well, have a rest, we (do) the washing up. 8. I wonder where Tim (go) for his next holiday. 9. Our team definitely (win) tonight. 10. Probably it (rain) soon. 11. I (be) back in a minute. 12. I (do) a lot of work this evening. 13. You (hold) the door open for me, please? 14. You (start) reading? 15. I (go) to the shop for you? 16. We (help) you to paint the room? 17. I (report) you to the police next time! 18. You (regret) your words! 19. There (be) a good concert on TV tonight. 20. There (be) many interesting people at the party.
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Ex.2. Rewrite the sentences using Future Simple.
Model: I go to the University every day. – I’ll go to the University every day next week.
1. I do my morning exercises every day. 2. She often comes to see her parents this summer. 3. Today is my birthday. 4. The whole group knows it! 5. She is a good friend. 6. He is very much like his father now. 7. I am a teacher. 8. We live not far off. 9. I hope you’re our friends. 10. The weather is fine today. 11. She feels nice today.
Ex.3. Make the sentences negative.
1. They’ll see each other next week. 2. The weather will change soon. 3. The summer will be hot this year. 4. I’ll be absent for some time. 5. It will snow next week. 6. I shall give you my umbrella. 7. They will refuse you. 8. She will go to the sea. 9. He will dream about it all his life.
Ex.4. Make the sentences general questions. Give short answers.
1. You (phone) me tomorrow? 2. Anybody (help) us? 3. There (be) any supporters at the match? 4. She (be) late for the classes this afternoon? 5. It (get) dark soon? 6. They (wait) for me? 7. Henry (come) next weekend? 8. He (become) an engineer? 9. We (go) shopping next Saturday? 10. I (fail) the English credit?
Ex.5. Ask alternative questions.
1. You (visit) your friends / (go) to picnic with us next Sunday? 2. The spring (come) sooner / later this year? 3. Mother (let) me / not go to the disco? 4. He (arrive) tomorrow / the day after tomorrow? 5. It (get) colder / hotter soon? 6. There (be) young / elderly people on the excursion? 7. She (be) lonely / happy without him?
Ex.6. Put questions to the underlined words.
1. Jill (come) to see usnext Wednesday. 2. They (go) to Londontill May. 3. She (get) her book soon. 4. They (call) me back in ten minutes. 5. The spring (be) warm this year. 6. She (become) aprominen t writer. 7. Jack (wait) for yououtside. 8. I (buy) Nick a new watch. 9. We (hear) from Victor soon. 10. They (manage) to do the taskfast. 11. I (have) twoboiled eggs for breakfast tomorrow. 12. You (see) a lot ofcelebraties there. 13. People (blame) himfor his decision. 14. Ourcar (cost) $4,000 in a year. 15. It (take) me a quarter of an hour to get to the village by car. 16. We (leave) our luggageat the station. 17. She (stay) at her friend’still next Monday. 18. He (be) angry. 19. We (talk) about the triptomorrow.
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