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B) Choose the correct option a-c to complete the sentences
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1. I..........hard, so I felt very tired.
a) had worked b) have worked c) had been working
2. I........ my money into real estate.
a) invested b) have invested c) invest
3. We already........the goods when your telegram arrived.
a) have shipped b) had shipped c) shipped
4. The invoice........ by the end of the week so we sent them a strong reminder.
a) had arrived b) hasn't arrived c) hadn't arrived
5. I..........nothing in the Internet this month.
a) have bought b) didn't buy c) haven't bought
6. This strategy seems to be good. Sales of our products......... for
some time.
a) have increased b) have been increasing c) had been increasing
7. The price of petrol......down by about 1%.
a) had gone b) has gone c) has been gone
8. Mark........at a company for seven years before he started his own business.
a) was working b) has been working c) had been working
VI. a) КОПР № 6
B) Rewrite the sentences in the passive
1. Kerrie has paid the bill.
The bill......... by Kerrie.
a) was paid b) has been paid
2. Our boss will sign the contract.
The contract.........by our boss.
a) will sign b) will be signed
3. Sales were rising fast when our sales manager left the company.
Sales were rising fast when the company........ by our sales manager.
a) was left b) left
4. They sell the gold on international markets.
The gold........on international markets.
a) is sold b) sells
5. When I came, they were signing the contract.
When I came, the contract.........
a) was being signed b) was signed
VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian
1. Though many economic laws, formulas, theories and concepts often seem
far removed from everyday life, economic policies affect the life of society, families
and individuals. Welfare economics considers issues of equity or fairness.
2. Economists examine how income and wealth are distributed among the population
the population. And equity is realized through taxation.
3. According to those economists who share the concept of welfare economics, any
economic system is unfair.
4. Governments receive revenues from different sources with taxation as the main one.
VIII.
A. Read this text
Inflation – Causes and Effects
1. Older people often talk about how cheap things were when they were young. A brand new car may have cost only $5,000 compared to $20,000 today, or petrol that cost only a few cents in the 60s costs over a dollar today. Inflation happens when money loses some of its value. We measure the rise of inflation in percent. For example, 2% inflation means that a $1 bottle of milk will cost $1.02 next year.
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2. Inflation has many causes. In times when the economy is good and people have enough money they want to buy more products than factories can produce, so the prices go up. Inflation can also happen when workers demand more money or when the raw materials that producers need rise in price. The end product becomes more expensive and has to be sold at a higher price.
3. Some economists say that central banks do not do enough to control how much money there is in a country. There may be more money around than there are goods. Consumers want to buy more products, the demand gets higher and prices go up. Sometimes low interest rates on loans make people borrow money to buy houses or cars. These prices go up as well. Inflation is not produced by one country alone. Sometimes a country cannot control the prices of certain goods as it would like to. A country that does not have any energy supplies of its own has to import energy. It has to pay a high price for oil and gas.
4. Inflation is a sign that the economy is growing. It is normal when prices go up only a few percent every year. High inflation, on the other hand, leads to uncertainty in the population. Industries may not want to borrow money and invest when inflation is high. People don’t want to buy goods any more. Factories may get stuck with products they cannot sell and as a result workers get unemployed. It is very difficult to fight inflation. Governments have an effect on inflation when they raise or lower taxes. They can also try to control wages and prices as far as possible.
B. Mark the sentences a) T (True)
B) F (False)
C) NG (Not Given)
1. Sometimes low interest rates on loans make people lend money to buy houses or cars.
2. People with fixed incomes suffer most of all from rising inflation.
3. Inflation occurs when money loses some of its value.
Variant №2
I. Match the words with the definitions
1) earnings a) financial protection
2) consumption b) income
3) recession c) the members of the population able to work
4) workforce d) the amount of a product that people buy or use
5) imports e) the people who control a country and make
laws
6) insurance f) when there is not enough of something
7) government g) goods and services a country buy abroad
8) shortage h) a serious slowing down of the economy
II. Complete each sentence with a word from the box
| pensioners discount auction manufacturers structure demand interest rates price |
1. Unfortunately,........for our products raised a little last year.
2. They have lowered the.........of the product because the average customer can't afford it.
3. The Bank of England has again lowered.......; this time from 5% to 4.5%.
4. ……. produce new goods from raw materials.
5. Companies usually have a ……with senior managers at the top and employees at the bottom.
6. In an ……., the item for sale is sold to the customer who offers the highest price.
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7. In the winter sales the shops often give a……. of up to 50%.
8. Because retired people usually receive a pension, they are often called…….
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