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II. Complete each sentence with a word from the box
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1. Huge numbers of people in today's industrial societies live in relative.......
2........is one of the main sources of revenue for governments.
3. How do you pay for things you buy: in.........., by cheque or credit card?
4. If we don’t get another order soon, we’ll have to cut........and maybe close a factory.
5. One way to inform people about your........is to advertise it on TV.
6. And you get a special bonus if the company’s........ go up by more than 15 per cent in the year.
7. One recent advertising ……. lasted for over a year
8. The…….of a product is very important: the company has to think carefully about
how the product should look.
III. These are confused pairs of words. Choose the correct alternative for each sentence
. ECONOMICS / ECONOMY
a) The government has promised to boost the flagging …….
b) Dillon studied …… at Manchester University.
2. BETWEEN / AMONG
a) The agreement was made........two employees of the business.
b) Most important........the country's problems is the lack of health facilities.
3. EFFECT / AFFECT
a) The cost will.......the final contract.
b) We know that the.......of the merger will create problems.
4. WORK / JOB
a) The car industry has faced massive.....losses.
b) Employees may take....... home if they wish.
IV. a) КОПР № 1
B) Complete each sentence with a verb in the correct form, - ing or to...
1. Did the company promise.......you a permanent contract?
a) to give b) giving
2. I really enjoy.........new skills.
a) to learn b) learning
3. Don't forget.......a letter with your CV.
a) to include b) including
4. I can't remember..... the application form.
a) to send in b) sending in
5. Don't accept anything - you must go on........for your ideal job.
a) to look b) looking
6. They must increase the salary....... the right applicants.
a) to attract b) attracting
V. a) КОПР №5
B) Choose the correct option a-c to complete the sentences
1. I..............to a trade fair until I went to the one in Las Vegas last month.
a) had never been b) never been c) have never been
2. I........ my money into real estate.
a) invested b) have invested c) invest
3. Without any reason the customer returned the goods that we.......
a) delivered b) deliver c) had delivered
4. I........the approval of three committee members before Bob signed off on the
project.
a) had already gotten b) did already get c) have already gotten
5. When I went to see Ms Winter, her secretary told me that she.........on the phone for
two hours.
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a) spoke b) had been speaking c) had spoken
6. I....... as a freelance consultant for two years.
a) have been working b) was working c) work
7. We......... any final decisions yet.
a) didn't make b) haven't made c) have made
8. General Motors........the world's biggest car company for nearly 40 years.
a) was b) has been c) is
VI. a) КОПР №6
B) Rewrite the sentences in the passive
1. The management will discuss the problem next week.
The problem....... by the management next week.
a) will be discussed b) will be discussing
2. My assistant sent you the invoice last Monday.
The invoice........ to you by my assistant last Monday.
a) is sent b) was sent
3. We are changing the organizational structure of our company.
The organizational structure of our company.......now.
a) is changing b) is being changed
4. She didn't sign the contract.
The contract.......by her.
a) wasn't signed b) isn't signed
5. Kerrie has paid the bill.
The bill......... by Kerrie.
a) was paid b) has been paid
VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian
1. All through world history people and countries have been trading with each
other. In the modern world an economy is considered open when it imports and
exports goods and services.
2. Export and import of goods is defined as 'visible' in contrast to the
'invisible' export and import of services.
3. The balance of trade is an integral part of the balance of payment. If imports
exceed exports, a country has a trade deficit, if the situation is the opposite,
a country achieves a trade surplus.
VIII.
A. Read this text
Money – Functions, History, Value
1. People in various cultures think of money in different ways. A London banker and an African tribesman have different ideas of what money is. Many people think of money as a currency - metal coins and paper bill. We need it to buy the things we want. We also get money for the work that we do. So, money is a way of exchanging goods and services. In the course of time people searched for better ways of trading goods. They found out that metal, especially gold and silver, was very valuable. Some historians believe that the first coins were made at around 700 B.C. by the Lydians. But it was not until the late Middle Ages that coins became common throughout Europe. Metals were stamped and coins had to have a certain weight. People knew how many coins they needed to buy something because they had a fixed value.
2. Paper money came into use about 300 years ago. The idea came from goldsmiths who gave people pieces of paper in exchange for their gold. These bills could be exchanged for their gold later on. Until the middle of the 20th century governments all over the world had deposits of gold that was worth as much as the money they gave to their people. Paper money had many advantages. It was cheaper to make and easier to carry around.
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3. But there were also dangers. Governments could produce as much paper money as they wanted. If they produced too many banknotes and gave them to the people, they would have too much money to spend. If there were not enough goods to buy, prices would go up. The money then would lose its value. We call this inflation.
Today, the amount of money in circulation is controlled by central banks. They make sure that paper money has a constant value. More and more people use credit cards to buy things. You don’t have to take real money with you.
B. Mark the sentences a) T (True)
B) F (False)
C) NG (Not Given)
1. People knew how many coins they needed to buy something because they
had a market value.
2. Paper money had many benefits.
3. Before money was invented people use a system called bartering.
Variant № 7
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